ME 8793 – PROCESS PLANNING

& COST ESTIMATION

UNIT – V

MACHINING TIME
CALCULATION
1 PREPARED BY
J. SRINIVAS. M.E.,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.
 SYLLABUS

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

Estimation of Machining Time
Importance of Machine Time Calculation
Calculation of Machining Time for different Lathe
operations
Calculation of Machining Time for Drilling &
Boring
Machining Time Calculation for Milling
Machining Time Calculation for Shaping
Machining Time Calculation for Planning 2

Machining Time Calculation for Grinding

 ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering
ESTIMATION OF MACHINING TIME
Machining cost is calculated after computing the material cost.
Machining cost is calculated from the machining times required to
machine a component.
In estimating, time taken for performing the machine operation by an
operator is calculated for their wages. In addition to this machining time
(operation time), following time considerations are taken:
 Setting up the job & tool or cutters

 Setting up the machine

 Inspection of job

 Fatigue allowance

 Tool changing & sharpening time

 Machine cleaning & servicing time

 Personal allowance
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 ESTIMATION OF MACHINING TIME

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

In the study of the machining time, following terms are generally used:
Cutting Speed is the distance which the tool travels along the material
in one minute. It’s unit is metres/min. Cutting speed depends on the following
factors:
 Hard material requires a lower cutting speed than that of soft & ductile
materials.
 HSS tools & special cutting alloy tools can cut at higher cutting speed than
carbon steel tools.
 If the depth of cut & feed is more, then less cutting speed is taken & vice versa

 By using good cutting fluids, cutting speeds may be increased.

Feed is the distance, through which the tool advances into the workpiece
during one revolution of the workpiece or the tool or cutter. It’s unit is mm/rev.
Feed depends on depth of cut,
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cutting speed and
power of the machine.
 ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering
ESTIMATION OF MACHINING TIME
Depth of cut is the amount by which a tool or cutter is inserted into the
metal during one cut. In other words, it is the thickness of the metal removed in
one cut. It is generally measured in mm.
An estimator should consider above factors while selecting a suitable
cutting speed. The cutting speeds for different materials on different operations
using HSS tools are given below:
OPERATIONS (CUTTING SPEEDS in m/min)
Shaping,
Turning
Materials Drilling Reaming Threading Tapping Milling Slotting & Grinding
& Boring
Planing
Aluminium 300 120 120 30 45 200 25 20
Brass /
50 50 25 30 20 40 12 22
Gun Metal
Mild Steel 30 25 12 25 5 20 20 15
Cast Iron 20 15 10 20 7 50 10 12 5
Copper 30 50 15 30 20 40 10 22
 ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering
IMPORTANCE OF MACHINING TIME
The major aim & objectives in machining industries generally are
 Reduction of total manufacturing time, T

 Increase in MRR (Monthly Recurring Revenue), i.e., Productivity

 Reduction in machining cost without sacrificing product quality

 Increase in profit or profit rate, i.e., Profitability

All those objectives are commonly & substantially governed by the total
machining time per piece. The reasons for determining the actual machining
time are:
 Assessment of productivity

 Measurement of labour cost component

 Evaluation of machining cost

 Assessment of relative performance or capability of any machine tool, cutting

6
tool, cutting fluid or any special or new techniques in terms of saving in
machining time.
 ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering
MACHINING TIME CALCULATION FOR
DIFFERENT LATHE OPERATIONS
Lathe machine is the basic producer of cylindrical jobs. Common
operations performed on a lathe are: Turning, Facing, Boring, Threading,
Knurling, Drilling, Reaming and Tapping.
Turning is the operation of metal removed in which job is rotated against a tool.
Cutting speed S = DN/100 m/min  N = 100 S/ D rpm
Time required to turn L metre length (T) = Length of the job to be machined
Feed/rev x RPM
Time required to turn L metre length T = L min.
FxN
T – Time required to turn L metre length
L – Length of the job to be turned
7
F – Feed/rev
N – RPM
 ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering
MACHINING TIME CALCULATION FOR
DIFFERENT LATHE OPERATIONS
LATHE OPERATIONS LENGTH OF CUT (L)
TURNING Length of the job to be returned
KNURLING Length of the job to be knurl
FACING Diameter of Job/2
DRILLING Depth of the hole to be produced
BORING Length to be bored
REAMING Depth of hole
TAPPING L + Diameter of Job/2
Time required for tapping = Length travelled by tap /Pitch x rpm min/cut
Time for threading = L + 0.7/ (Pitch or Lead) x rpm min/cut
Pitch for single start thread = 1/thread per cm 8

Lead for multi start thread = no. of start/thread per cm

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering
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NOV 2014 15 (b)
NOV 2013 15 (a)
 DIAMETER LENGTH

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

SEQUENCE OPERATION DETAILS
D L
I TURNING OPERATION from Φ 25 to Φ 15, 50 mm long 25 10+20+20 = 50
II TURNING OPERATION from Φ 15 to Φ 10, 30 mm long 15 20+10 = 30
III THREADING OPERATION M10 x 1.5 10 20

I. TURNING OPERATION for Φ 25 mm to Φ15mm , 50 mm long

N = 1000 Sturning/ D = 1000 x 40 / x 25 = 509.3 rpm
Number of Cuts = D – d / Depth of Cut x 2 = 25 – 15 / 2 x 2.5 = 2
Time for turning T1 = L/ fturning x N = 50 x 2/ 0.4 x 509.3  T1 = 0.491 min
II. TURNING OPERATION for Φ 15 mm to Φ10mm, 30 mm long
N = 1000 Sturning/ D = 1000 x 40 / x 15 = 848.82 rpm
Number of Cuts = D – d / Depth of Cut x 2 = 15 – 10 / 2 x 2.5 = 1
Time for turning T2 = L/ fturning x N = 30 x 1/ 0.4 x 848.82  T2 = 0.088 min
III. THREADING M10 x 1.5
10
L = 20 mm, Pitch = Feed = 1.5 mm, D = 10 mm
N = 1000 Sthreading/ D = 1000 x 8 / x 10 = 254.65 rpm
Threads per cm = 1/Pitch

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

Threads per cm = 1/0.15 = 6.666
Number of Cuts = 25 / Threads per cm
Number of Cuts = 25 / 6.666 = 4 (Approx.)
Time for Threading T3 = L x No. of Cuts / Pitch x N
T3 = 20 x 4 / 1.5 x 254.65
T3 = 0.209 min
Total Machining Time T = T1 + T2 + T3
T = 0.491 + 0.088 + 0.209 min
Total Machining Time T = 0.788 min or 47.28 seconds

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ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering
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APRIL 2015 15 (a)
SEQUENCE OPERATION DETAILS DIAMETER D LENGTH L

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

I FACING ON BOTH ENDS 175 to 165 mm 60 60/2 = 30
II TURNING OPERATION Φ 60 to Φ 55 mm 60 165
III TURNING OPERATION Φ 55 to Φ 20 mm 55 20
IV TAPER TURNING OPERATION Φ 55 to 55 30
Φ 20 mm
V GROOVING 55 5
VI KNURLING 55 80

I. FACING ON BOTH ENDS

N = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 30 / x 60 = 159.15 rpm
Time for facing on one side = L/ f x N = 30/ 0.2 x 159.15 = 0.942 min
Time to face on both ends T1 = 0.942 x 2  T1 = 1.884 min

II. TURNING OPERATION for Φ 55 mm, 165 mm long

N = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 30 / x 60 = 159.15 rpm
Number of Cuts = D – d / Depth of Cut x 2 = 60 – 55 / 2 x 2.5 = 1 13

Time for turning T2 = L/ f x N = 165/ 0.2 x 159.15  T2 = 5.184 min

III. TURNING OPERATION for Φ 55 mm to Φ20mm, 20 mm long

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

N = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 30 / x 55 = 173.62 rpm
Number of Cuts = D – d / Depth of Cut x 2 = 55 – 20 / 2 x 2.5 = 7
Time for turning T3 = L x No. of cuts/f x N = 20 x 7/0.2 x 173.62T3= 4.032 min
IV. TAPER TURNING from Φ 55 to Φ 20, 30 mm long
N = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 30 / x 37.5 = 254.65 rpm (D=55+20/2 = 37.5 mm)
Number of Cuts = D – d / Depth of Cut x 2 = 55 – 20 / 2 x 2.5 = 7
Time for Taper turning T4 = L x No. of cuts/f x N = 40.70 x 7/0.2 x 254.65
(Taper Length L = √(302 + 27.52) = 40.70 mm) T4= 5.594 min
V. GROOVING
N = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 30 / x 55 = 173.62 rpm
Time for grooving T5 = L/ f x N = 5 / 0.2 x 173.62  T5 = 0.144 min
VI. KNURLING
N = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 30 / x 55 = 173.62 rpm 14

Time for knurling T6 = L/ f x N = 80 / 0.2 x 173.62  T6 = 2.304 min

Total Machining Time T = T1 + T2+ T3+ T4+ T5 + T6

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

T = 1.884 + 5.184 + 4.032 + 5.594 + 0.144 + 2.304
 Total Machining Time T = 19.142 min

Total volume = Volume of cylinders + Volume of Frustum of Cone

Total volume = x D2 x L/ 4 + x d2 x l/ 4 + x h x (D2 + d2 – D x d)/ 3
Total volume = x 552 x 115/ 4 + x 202 x 20/ 4 + x 30 x (552 + 202 – 20 x55)/ 3
Total volume = 281828.57 mm3

Total weight = Total volume x Density = 281828.57 x 2.7 x 10 –6 = 0.761 kg

Material cost = Total weight x cost of material/kg
Material Cost = 0.761 x 12
 Material cost = ₹ 9.13
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ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering
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NOV 2016 15 (a)

I. Turning from Φ 40 mm to Φ 38 mm

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

N1 = 100 S/ D = 1000 x 50/ x 40 = 397.89 rpm
T1 = L1 / f x N1 = 120 / 0.3 x 397.89 = 1.005 min
II. Turning groove Φ 35 mm for L2 = 50 mm
N2 = 100 S/ D = 1000 x 50/ x 38 = 418.83 rpm
T2 = L2 / f x N2 = 50 / 0.3 x 418.83 = 0.398 min
III. Facing on Both Sides
N3 = 100 S/ D = 1000 x 50/ x 38 = 418.83 rpm
T3 = 2 x L3 / f x N3 = 2 x 19 / 0.3 x 418.83 = 0.302 min
IV. Chamfering on Both Sides
sin 450 = 4/ L4  L4 = 5.657 mm
N4 = 100 S/ D = 1000 x 50/ x 38 = 418.83 rpm
T4 = 2 x L3 / f x N4 = 2 x 5.657 / 0.3 x 397.89 = 0.0948 min
Total Machining Time T = T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 17

T = 1.005 + 0.398 + 0.302 + 0.0948 min  Total Machining Time = 1.8 min
ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering
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MAY 2018 15 (a)

 DIAMETER LENGTH

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

SEQUENCE OPERATION DETAILS
D L
I TURNING OPERATION from Φ 120 to Φ 55, L = 50 mm 120 50
II DRILLING OPERATION for Φ 15, L = 225 mm 15 225
III BORING OPERATION Φ 25, L = 40 mm 25 40

I. TURNING OPERATION for Φ 120 mm to Φ 55mm , 50 mm long

N = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 20 / x 120 = 53.05 rpm
Number of Cuts = D – d / Depth of Cut x 2 = 120 – 55 / 2 x 3 = 11 (Approx.)
Time for turning T1 = L/ f x N = 50 x 11/ 0.2 x 53.05  T1 = 51.84 min
II. DRILLING OPERATION for Φ 15 mm, 225 mm long
N = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 30 / x 15 = 636.62 rpm
Time for turning T2 = L/ f x N = 225/ 0.3 x 636.62  T2 = 1.18 min
III. BORING for Φ 25 mm, 40 mm long
N = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 30 / x 15 = 254.65 rpm
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Time for boring T3 = L/ f x N = 40 / 0.25 x 254.65  T3 = 0.785 min
Total Machining Time T = T1 + T2 + T3 = 51.84 + 1.18 + 0.785  T = 53.81 min
Machine hour rate = 53.81 x 425/60 = ₹ 381.12

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

For Φ 120 section, V1 = x D2 x L/4 = x 1202 x 225/4 = 2544690.05 mm3
For Φ 120 – Φ 55 section, V2 = x (D2 – d2)x L/4 = x (1202 – 552) x 50/4
 V2 = 446695.21 mm3
For Φ 15 section, V3 = x D2 x L/4 = x 152 x 185/4 = 32692.20 mm3
For Φ 25 section, V4 = x D2 x L/4 = x 252 x 40/4 = 19634.20 mm3
Total Volume, V = V1 – V2 – V3 – V4
V = 2544690.05 – 446695.21 – 32692.20 – 19634.20 = 2045667.69 mm3
W = ρ x V = 2045667.69 x 8 x 10–6 = 15.96 kg
Material Cost = 55 x 15.96
 Material Cost = ₹ 877.59
Total Machining Time = Machining Time + Setup Time = 53.81 + 3 = 56.81 min
Total Cost of Component = Total Machining Cost + Material Cost + OH
Total Cost of Component = 56.81 x 425/60 + 877.59 + 0.5 x 381.12 20

 Total Cost of Component = ₹ 1470.55

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering
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NOV 2018 15 (a)
Lathe Capability of turning the component at the required speed?

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

I. Facing: N1 = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 100/ x 25  N1 = 1273.24 rpm
II. Turning Φ50: N2 = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 100/ x 50  N2 = 636.62 rpm
III. Turning Φ75: N3 = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 100/ x 75  N3 = 424.41 rpm
IV. Taper Turning: N4 = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 100/ x 62.5  N4 = 509.3 rpm
V. Parting off: N5 = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 100/ x 37.5  N5 = 848.83 rpm
According to the above spindle speed calculations, the lathe is capable
of machining the component at the required surface speed which is less
than the maximum spindle speed of 1500 rpm.

Machining Time Calculation

For MS with carbide tooling, feed rate f = 0.8 mm/rev
I. Facing: T1 = L+A/f x N1 = 25 + 2/0.8 x 1273.24  T1 = 0.027 min
II. Turning Φ50: T2 = L+A/f x N2 = 75 + 2/0.8 x 636.62  T2 = 0.151 min 22
III. Turning Φ75: T3 = L+A/f x N3 = 150 + 2/0.8 x 424.41  T3 = 0.448 min
IV. Taper Turning: T4 = L+A/f x N4 = 27.95 + 2/0.8 x 509.3  T4 = 0.073 min

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

(Taper Length L = √(252 + 12.52) = 27.95 mm)
V. Parting off: T5 = L+A/f x N5 = 37.5 + 2/0.8 x 848.83  T5 = 0.058 min

Total Machining Time T = T1 + T2+ T3+ T4+ T5

T = 0.027 + 0.151 + 0.448 + 0.073 + 0.058
 Total Machining Time T = 0.757 min.

Machining Time Calculation for Drilling

N = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 21.9/ x 20 = 348.549 rpm

T = L x No of holes / f x N = 20 x 4/ 0.2 x 348.549 23

 Time Required for Drilling 4 holes = 1.148 min

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering
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Drilling 4 holes, Φ8 mm

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

N1 = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 10/ x 8 = 397.89 rpm
T1 = L x No of holes / f1 x N1 = 10 x 4/ 0.1 x 397.89  T1 = 1.005 min
Drilling 1 Φ20 mm hole
N2 = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 10/ x 20 = 159.155 rpm
L2 = depth of cut = 10 +10 +10 = 30 mm
T2 = L x No of holes / f2 x N2 = 30 x 1 / 0.2 x 159.155  T2 = 0.9425 min
Boring Φ20 mm hole to Φ40 mm hole
N3 = 1000 S/ D = 1000 x 10/ x 40 = 79.58 rpm
L3 = depth of cut = 10 +10 +10 = 30 mm
T3 = L x No of holes / f3 x N3 = 30 x 1 / 0.4 x 79.58  T3 = 0.9425 min

Total Machining Time T = T1 + T2+ T3

T = 1.005 + 0.9425 + 0.9425 25

Total Machining Time T = 2.89 min

What will be the machine time required to rough bore, to second bore and to

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

finish bore a soft cast iron cylinder whole diameter is 220 mm & the length of
bore in 260 mm
(i) Rough bore 39 rpm, 2.857 mm feed
(ii) Second rough bore 45 rpm, 0.987 mm feed
(iii) Finish bore 25 rpm, 5.75 mm feed
Time Required for Rough Bore (T1)
T1 = L / f1 x N1 = 260 / 2.857 x 39  T1 = 2.333 min
Time Required for Second Rough Bore (T2)
T2 = L / f2 x N2 = 260 / 0.987 x 45  T2 = 5.854 min
Time Required for Rough Bore (T1)
T3 = L / f3 x N3 = 260 / 5.75 x 25  T3 = 1.808 min
Total Time Required for Boring T = T1 + T2+ T3
T = 2.333 + 5.854 + 1.808 26
Total Time Required for Boring T = 9.995 min or 10 min (Approx.)
 MACHINING TIME CALCULATION FOR

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

MILLING
When the metal is removed by means of feeding the workpiece against a
rotating multipoint cutter, this operation is called Milling.

Time required/cut = Length of cut/ feed per rev x RPM = L/ f x N

Length of the cut = Length of job + Added table travel

Feed per revolution = Feed/tooth x No. of teeth on cutter

N = 1000 S/ D

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Total Time = Length of Cut x No. of cuts or Index / Feed per min.
ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering
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 ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering
Given: L = 460 mm, w = 10 mm, D = 132.5 mm, N = 120 rpm, d = 10 mm,
f = 0.5 mm/rev
For Slot Milling,
Approach Length = √ Dd – d2
Approach Length = √ 132.5 x 10 – 102 = 35 mm
Total Table Travel = Length of the job + Approach Length
Total Table Travel = 460 + 35 = 495 mm
Milling Time, T = Total Table Travel / Feed per rev x RPM
Milling Time, T = 495/0.5 x 120 29

Milling Time, T = 8.25 min

 ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering
Given: L = 250 mm, w = 100 mm, D = 150 mm, n = 16, S = 55 m/min,
f = 60 mm/min
Cutter RPM, N = 1000S/ D = 1000 x 55/ x 150
 N = 116.714 rpm
Feed per tooth = Feed per min/N x n = 60/ 116.714 x 16
Feed per tooth = 0.03213 mm/tooth
In this face milling, D > w, So only one cut is sufficient
Approach length = ½ [D – √ D2 – w2 ] = ½ [150 – √ 1502 – 1002 ] = 19.098 mm
Milling Time, T = Total Table Travel / Feed per min
30
Milling Time, T = (250 + 19.098)/60
Milling Time, T = 4.485 min
ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering
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Given: S = 25 m/min, f = 0.25 mm/rev, D = 80 mm

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

The T slot shown in the figure will be cut in two steps
Step I: Cutting a channel of 20 mm wide & 35 mm (=15+20mm) deep
along the 260 mm length
For slot milling, Approach length = √ Dd – d2
Approach length = √ 80 x 35 – 352 = 39.69 mm
Total Tool/Table Travel = Length of job + Approach Length
Total Tool/Table Travel = 260 + 39.69 = 299.69 mm
N = 1000S/ D = 1000 x 25/ x 80 = 100 rpm
Timing for cutting slot, T1 = Total Table Travel/Feed per rev x N
T1 = 299.69/0.25 x 100  T1 = 11.987 min
Step II: Cutting T – slot of dimensions 60 x 20 mm with a T – slot cutter
Here, Diameter of cutter = 60 mm,
N = 1000S/ D = 1000 x 25/ x 60 32

 N = 132.63 rpm
Since, diameter of cutter = width of slot, therefore

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

Over travel of tool = D/2 = 60/2 = 30 mm
Total tool/table travel = 260 + 30 = 290 mm
Time taken for cutting T – slot, T2 = L / f x N
T2 = 290 / 0.25 x 132.63
T2 = 8.746 min
Total Time to cut the T – slot T = T1 + T2
T = 11.987 + 8.746
Total Time to cut the T – slot = 20.733 min

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ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering
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GIVEN: Plate: t = 24 mm, w = 200 mm, l = 300mm ; Hole: Φ50 & Φ10 x 4

ME8793_PPCE_Prepared By J. SRINIVAS., ME., Assistant Professor/Mechanical Engineering

I. Milling (FACE):
D1 = 200 mm, L1 = D/2 + D/2 + 300 = 100+100+300 = 500 mm
(L1 = Approach length + Overtravel + Length of Job)
N1 = 1000S1/ D1 = 1000 x 75/ x 200 = 119.37 rpm
T1 = L1 / f1 x N1 = 500 / 0.2 x 119.37 = 20.97 min
II. Drilling Φ50 III. Drilling Φ25
N2 = 1000S2/ D2 = 1000 x 30/ x 50 = 190.99 rpm N3 = 381.972 rpm
T2 = L2 / f2 x N2 = 20 / 0.3 x 190.99 = 0.349 min T3 = 0.291 min
III. Drilling Φ 10, 4 holes
N4 = 1000S4/ D4 = 1000 x 30/ x 10 = 954.93 rpm
T4 = 4 x L4 / f4 x N4 = 4 x 20 / 0.15 x 954.93 = 4 x 0.140 min = 0.560 mins
Total Machining Time T = T1 + T2+ T3 + T4
T = 20.97 + 0.349 + 0.291 + 0.560 35

Total Time Required T = 22.17 min

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MACHINING TIME CALCULATION FOR SHAPING
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