What Makes Animal Cells Different from Plant Cells?

Cell Theory, all living organisms are composed of cells.

The cell is the basic unit of life and cells arise from pre-
existing cells. These are formulated by German scientists:
Theodor Schwann (1810–1822), Matthias Schleiden 1804–
1881, and Rudolph Virchow (1821–1902).
Students like you can mostly see the nucleus of a cell
light microscope.
electron microscope is a microscope that attains
extremely high resolution using an electron beam instead
of a beam of light to illuminate the object of study.
The word organelle (“little organs”) is used to describe
these tiny cellular structures.
The nucleus is the part of the cell that can be observed
easily. It is the control center of the cell also labeled as
“the brain” of the cell. This is where the DNA is located.
Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA exists in all living things
and has the ability to make exact copies of itself. It
comprises the chromosomes making it the bearer of
genetic information of an organism.
The nucleolus is where the subunits of ribosome are
produced.
The ribosome is the one that synthesizes protein.
The cytoplasm is where all the organelles are embedded.
It is a “jelly-like” substance that surrounds the organelles
of the cell.
The covering of our cell is the plasma membrane. It is like
“the skin” that encloses the cell parts from the outside
environment. It allows the entry of the materials inside the
cell and it is also where wastes exit.
The mitochondrion is where cellular respiration takes
place. The product of cellular respiration process is
cellular energy. This cellular energy is used by other parts
of the cell. The popular tag line for mitochondrion is “the
powerhouse” of the cell.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as synthesizer,
sorter, and transporter of materials such as protein and
lipids. It is categorized into two: the rough and the
smooth.
oThe rough endoplasmic reticulum contains
ribosomes and its main function is to synthesize and
transport proteins and other materials throughout the
cell.
oThe smooth endoplasmic reticulum on the other
hand does not contain ribosomes and it is the one that
synthesizes lipids (such as phospholipids and
cholesterol), carbohydrates, and steroids.
Remember that the ribosomes are the ones that produce
protein. If there is a production of proteins, the Golgi
bodies are the one that process and pack the proteins.
Lysosomes are “the digestion machine” of the cell. When
the cell absorbs materials (food) from the outside, the
lysosomes will cling to it and starts to break it down by
releasing their enzymes.
The vacuole in plants is larger than in animals taking up
almost all the space in a plant cell. It makes the plant cell
rigid. The plants stand upright because of the water in the
vacuoles. The freshness of leaves is also due to water in
the vacuole. Some vacuoles in plants contain toxic or
poisonous substances.
In animal cells, the vacuoles are small and are called
vesicles. It stores water and food and also has the task of
excretion of waste materials.
The general parts of the cell are given to you. But some
parts are particular to a plant cell and an animal cell.
What are these parts? The plant cell has a cell wall and
chloroplast. The cell wall is the outer lining beside the
plasma membrane. The cell wall adds stability and
protection to plant cells.
The chlorophyll in the chloroplasts absorb light energy
and convert it into chemical energy and allows plants to
carry out the process of photosyntesis.
The amyloplasts are found on plant cells that stores
starch.
Animal cells have centrioles. Its function is connected to
cell reproduction.