HIGHWAY ENGINEERING II MODEL QUESTIONS

1. What is a pavement?
A. A durable surface covering for roads, airports, and other public spaces
B. A substance used to seal cracks in concrete
C. A type of soil used in landscaping
D. A type of roofing material used on buildings

Answer: A

2. What is the primary difference between flexible and rigid pavement structures?
A. The materials used to construct them
B. Their thickness and weight
C. Their ability to bear weight and resist deformation
D. Their color and texture

Answer: C

3. What is the purpose of the subgrade layer of a pavement structure?

A. To provide a flat and stable base for the pavement
B. To prevent water infiltration
C. To add aesthetic value
D. To improve skid resistance

Answer: A

4. What is the purpose of the base layer of a pavement structure?

A. To provide support for the pavement and distribute load
B. To filter surface water and prevent erosion
C. To improve drainage and prevent potholes
D. To seal the pavement and prevent cracking
Answer: A

5. What is the purpose of the surface layer of a pavement structure?

A. To provide a smooth and durable driving surface
B. To provide aesthetic value
C. To improve skid resistance
D. To prevent water infiltration and erosion

Answer: A

6. What is the primary advantage of flexible pavement structures?

A. They are more durable and require less maintenance
B. They are more resistant to deformation and cracking
C. They are more rigid and provide better support for heavy loads
D. They are easier to construct and repair

Answer: B

7. What is the primary advantage of rigid pavement structures?

A. They are more durable and require less maintenance
B. They are more resistant to deformation and cracking
C. They are more flexible and can better accommodate ground movement
D. They are easier to construct and repair

Answer: A
8. What type of pavement is typically used for airport runways?
A. Flexible pavement
B. Rigid pavement
C. Either type can be used
D. Gravel pavement

Answer: B

9. What is the primary cause of potholes in a pavement structure?

A. Overloading by heavy vehicles
B. Wear and tear from weather
C. Poor drainage
D. All of the above

Answer: D

10. What role do drainage structures (such as culverts and channels) play in a pavement structure?
A. They prevent water from accumulating on the surface of the pavement
B. They improve the skid resistance of the pavement
C. They provide additional support to the pavement and prevent deformation
D. They add aesthetic value to the pavement

Answer: A

11. What role do expansion joints play in a pavement structure?

A. They allow for the natural expansion and contraction of the pavement due to temperature changes
B. They provide additional support to the pavement and prevent deformation
C. They improve the drainage of the pavement
D. They add aesthetic value to the pavement
Answer: A

12. What role do asphalt binders play in a pavement structure?

A. They bind the aggregates together and provide a cohesive driving surface
B. They improve the drainage of the pavement
C. They add aesthetic value to the pavement
D. They prevent water infiltration

Answer: A

13. What role do aggregate materials (such as gravel and sand) play in a pavement structure?
A. They provide support and stability to the pavement
B. They improve the drainage and prevent erosion
C. They add aesthetic value to the pavement
D. They prevent water infiltration

Answer: A

14. What is the purpose of an asphalt overlay?

A. To add a new layer of asphalt to the surface of an older pavement that is showing signs of wear and tear
B. To add a decorative pattern to the surface of the pavement
C. To improve the drainage of the pavement
D. To prevent water infiltration

Answer: A

15. What is an asphalt emulsion?

A. A mixture of asphalt and water that is used to treat the surface of a pavement
B. A decorative pattern added to the surface of the pavement
C. A type of drainage structure used to channel water off the pavement
D. A type of traffic barrier used to prevent vehicles from leaving the roadway

Answer: A

16. Which of the following is not a type of rigid pavement?

A. Jointed plain concrete pavement
B. Continuously reinforced concrete pavement
C. Prestressed concrete pavement
D. Modified asphalt concrete pavement

Answer: D

17. What type of joint is typically used in jointed plain concrete pavements?
A. Expansion joint
B. Contraction joint
C. Construction joint
D. Isolation joint

Answer: B

18. What type of reinforcement is typically used in continuously reinforced concrete pavements?
A. Steel bars
B. Steel mesh
C. Glass fibers
D. Carbon fibers

Answer: A
19. What type of joint is typically used in prestressed concrete pavements?
A. Expansion joint
B. Contraction joint
C. Construction joint
D. Isolation joint

Answer: A

20. How is prestressed concrete pavement different from other types of concrete pavement?
A. It is built to a higher strength
B. It uses a different type of cement
C. It is reinforced with steel cables or tendons
D. It does not require joints or reinforcement

Answer: C

21. What is a dowel bar used for in a rigid pavement?

A. To transfer loads between adjacent pavement slabs
B. To improve the drainage of the pavement
C. To add aesthetic value to the pavement
D. To prevent water infiltration

Answer: A

22. What is a tie bar used for in a rigid pavement?

A. To prevent adjacent pavement slabs from moving away from each other
B. To improve the drainage of the pavement
C. To add aesthetic value to the pavement
D. To prevent water infiltration
Answer: A

23. What is blowup in a pavement structure?

A. A sudden and violent separation of the pavement layers caused by expansion due to high temperatures
B. A surface defect caused by wear and tear
C. A type of joint used to connect pavement slabs
D. A decorative pattern added to the pavement surface

Answer: A

24. What is the purpose of base reinforcement in a pavement structure?

A. To improve the load-bearing capacity of the pavement
B. To prevent moisture infiltration into the pavement
C. To increase the skid resistance of the pavement
D. To provide a decorative finish to the pavement

Answer: A

25. What is the definition of traffic volume?

A) The number of vehicles that pass a given point in a given time
B) The weight of each vehicle that passes a given point in a given time
C) The average speed of vehicles that pass a given point in a given time
D) The distance traveled by vehicles that pass a given point in a given time

Answer: A) The number of vehicles that pass a given point in a given time

26. What is the definition of traffic loading?

A) The weight of each vehicle that passes a given point in a given time
B) The number of vehicles that pass a given point in a given time
C) The average speed of vehicles that pass a given point in a given time
D) The distance traveled by vehicles that pass a given point in a given time

Answer: A) The weight of each vehicle that passes a given point in a given time

27. Which of the following is a reason why traffic volume and loading are important?
A) To reduce emissions and improve air quality
B) To promote active transportation such as walking and cycling
C) To improve safety by reducing collisions and congestion
D) To reduce noise pollution and enhance the quality of life

Answer: C) To improve safety by reducing collisions and congestion

28. What is the definition of traffic capacity?

A) The maximum number of vehicles that can travel on a roadway segment
B) The average number of vehicles that travel on a roadway segment
C) The minimum number of vehicles that can travel on a roadway segment
D) The number of vehicles that experience delays at a roadway segment

Answer: A) The maximum number of vehicles that can travel on a roadway segment

29. What is the definition of traffic density?

A) The number of vehicles that pass a given point in a given time
B) The distance between two consecutive vehicles on a roadway segment
C) The weight of each vehicle that passes a given point in a given time
D) The average speed of vehicles that pass a given point in a given time

Answer: B) The distance between two consecutive vehicles on a roadway segment

30. What is a subgrade?

A) The layer of asphalt on top of a road
B) The layer immediately below the pavement
C) The foundation of a building
D) The soil at the surface of the earth

Answer: B) The layer immediately below the pavement

31. What are the main functions of the subgrade layer in pavement design?
A) To support the weight of the pavement, to distribute loads, and to provide drainage
B) To provide adequate friction, to reduce wear and tear, and to improve surface texture
C) To prevent buildup of moisture, to trap pollutants, and to prevent deformations
D) To absorb impacts, to resist weathering, and to improve aesthetics

Answer: A) To support the weight of the pavement, to distribute loads, and to provide drainage

32. What types of materials can be used as subgrade in pavement design?

A) Only natural materials, such as soil and gravel
B) Only synthetic materials, such as geotextiles and geogrids
C) Both natural and synthetic materials
D) None of the above

Answer: C) Both natural and synthetic materials

33. What factors influence the strength and stability of the subgrade layer?
A) Soil type, moisture content, and structural composition
B) Weather conditions, traffic volume, and the age of the pavement
C) Surface texture, drainage efficiency, and the presence of vegetation
D) Friction coefficient, load distribution, and construction quality

Answer: A) Soil type, moisture content, and structural composition

34. What is the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test?
A) A laboratory test that measures the resistance of a soil sample to penetration under a standard load
B) A field test that measures the density of the soil in a trench excavation
C) A test that measures the amount of water that a soil can retain based on its size distribution
D) A test that measures the amount of organic matter in a soil sample

Answer: A) A laboratory test that measures the resistance of a soil sample to penetration under a standard load

35. What is the purpose of the CBR test in pavement design?

A) To determine the strength and stiffness of the subgrade layer
B) To assess the durability and resistance to weathering of the pavement material
C) To measure the skid resistance and safety characteristics of the pavement
D) To estimate the amount of traffic that can be supported by the pavement

Answer: A) To determine the strength and stiffness of the subgrade layer

36. What is a resilient modulus test?

A) A laboratory test that measures the deformation and stiffness of a soil
B) A field test that measures the density and moisture content of the subgrade
C) A test that determines the shear strength and bearing capacity of the pavement
D) A test that measures the friction and skid resistance of the pavement

Answer: A) A laboratory test that measures the deformation and stiffness of a soil

37. What is the Plate Load Test (PLT)?

A) A laboratory test that measures the shear strength and cohesion of a soil
B) A field test that measures the compaction and density of the subgrade
C) A test that measures the load-bearing capacity of the pavement under a controlled load
D) A test that measures the skid resistance and stopping distance of the pavement
Answer: C) A test that measures the load-bearing capacity of the pavement under a controlled load

38. At what moisture content does a soil typically have its maximum dry density?
A) When it is completely dry
B) When it is saturated
C) When it has a water content between its liquid and plastic limits
D) When it has a water content between its plastic and shrinkage limits

Answer: C) When it has a water content between its liquid and plastic limits

39. How does the plasticity index (PI) of a soil relate to its bearing capacity?
A) Soils with higher PI typically have higher bearing capacities
B) Soils with higher PI typically have lower bearing capacities
C) PI does not have any significant relationship to bearing capacity
D) PI is only relevant for soils with very low or very high bearing capacities

Answer: B) Soils with higher PI typically have lower bearing capacities

40. What is the Triaxial Test?

A) A laboratory test that measures the shear strength of a soil specimen under different stress conditions
B) A field test that measures the vertical deformation of the pavement under load
C) A test that measures the maximum density and shear resistance of the subgrade
D) A test that measures the friction coefficient and skid resistance of the pavement

Answer: A) A laboratory test that measures the shear strength of a soil specimen under different stress conditions

41. What is the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP)?

A) A laboratory test that measures the penetration resistance of a soil sample
B) A field test that measures the density and moisture content of the subgrade
C) A test that measures the stability and deformation resistance of the pavement
D) A test that measures the friction and skid resistance of the pavement

Answer: C) A test that measures the stability and deformation resistance of the pavement

42. What is the primary cause of subgrade failure in pavement design?

A) Insufficient thickness of the pavement layer
B) Inadequate drainage and moisture control
C) Overloading and excessive traffic volume
D) Inappropriate choice of pavement material

Answer: C) Overloading and excessive traffic volume

43. What is a soil compaction test?

A) A test that measures the density and moisture content of a soil sample
B) A test that measures the hardness and abrasion resistance of a soil surface
C) A test that measures the load-bearing capacity of a soil under controlled conditions
D) A test that measures the permeability and absorption capacity of a soil

Answer: A) A test that measures the density and moisture content of a soil sample

44. What is an infiltration test?

A) A test that measures the lateral spread of water on a soil surface
B) A test that measures the settling and consolidation of a soil due to water content
C) A test that measures the vertical infiltration rate of water into a soil
D) A test that measures the porosity and water-holding capacity of a soil

Answer: C) A test that measures the vertical infiltration rate of water into a soil

45. What is a soil stabilizer?

A) A synthetic material used to reinforce the subgrade layer
B) A chemical product used to improve the load-bearing capacity of the subgrade
C) A machine used to compact and level the soil surface
D) A natural additive used to improve the drainage and aeration of the subgrade

Answer: B) A chemical product used to improve the load-bearing capacity of the subgrade

46. What is the Proctor test?

A) A laboratory test that measures the density and moisture content of a soil sample
B) A field test that measures the load-bearing capacity of the subgrade
C) A test that measures the friction and skid resistance of the pavement
D) A test that measures the shear strength and cohesion of a soil

Answer: A) A laboratory test that measures the density and moisture content of a soil sample

47. What is a falling weight deflectometer (FWD)?

A) A machine that measures the thickness of the pavement layer
B) A machine that measures the deflection and stiffness of the pavement under load
C) A machine that measures the roughness and texture of the pavement surface
D) A machine that measures the moisture content and compaction of the subgrade

Answer: B) A machine that measures the deflection and stiffness of the pavement under load

48. What is a pavement condition index (PCI)?

A) A measure of the load-bearing capacity and durability of the pavement
B) A measure of the skid resistance and safety of the pavement
C) A measure of the smoothness and ride quality of the pavement surface
D) A measure of the permeability and drainage efficiency of the pavement

Answer: C) A measure of the smoothness and ride quality of the pavement surface
49. What is a dynamic cone test?
A) A test that measures the penetration resistance of a soil surface
B) A test that measures the deformation and stiffness of a soil layer under load
C) A test that measures the load-bearing capacity of a pavement layer under dynamic conditions
D) A test that measures the coefficient of friction and skid resistance of a pavement surface

Answer: C) A test that measures the load-bearing capacity of a pavement layer under dynamic conditions
50. What is the primary factor affecting the stiffness and strength of unbound pavement materials?
A) The moisture content and compaction level
B) The temperature and weather conditions
C) The thickness and structural design of the pavement
D) The type and quality of the aggregate

Answer: D) The type and quality of the aggregate

51. What is a bearing capacity test?

A) A test that measures the maximum load that a soil can support without excessive deformation or failure
B) A test that measures the permeability and water-holding capacity of a soil
C) A test that measures the skid resistance and safety characteristics of a pavement
D) A test that measures the thickness and density of an unbound pavement layer

Answer: A) A test that measures the maximum load that a soil can support without excessive deformation or
failure

52. What is a resilient modulus?

A) A measure of the stiffness and deformation resistance of an unbound pavement layer
B) A measure of the compressibility and settlement characteristics of a soil
C) A measure of the skid resistance and safety characteristics of a pavement surface
D) A measure of the permeability and water-holding capacity of a subgrade
Answer: A) A measure of the stiffness and deformation resistance of an unbound pavement layer

53. What is the primary disadvantage of using unbound pavement materials?

A) Lower durability and longevity compared to bound pavement materials
B) Higher cost and maintenance requirements
C) Poor skid resistance and safety characteristics
D) Difficulty in achieving proper compaction and moisture control

Answer: A) Lower durability and longevity compared to bound pavement materials

54. What is the Triaxial Compression Test?

A) A laboratory test that measures the shear strength and stress-strain behavior of a soil
B) A field test that measures the load-bearing capacity of a pavement under controlled conditions
C) A test that measures the friction and skid resistance of a pavement surface
D) A test that measures the thickness and density of an unbound pavement layer

Answer: A) A laboratory test that measures the shear strength and stress-strain behavior of a soil

55. What is the primary factor affecting the drainage efficiency of an unbound pavement layer?
A) The surface texture and skid resistance of the pavement
B) The particle size distribution and void ratio of the aggregate
C) The thickness and structural design of the pavement
D) The moisture content and compaction level of the subgrade

Answer: B) The particle size distribution and void ratio of the aggregate

56. What is a soil stabilization agent?

A) An additive to unbound pavement materials that improves their strength and durability
B) An herbicide that prevents vegetation growth on the pavement surface
C) A tar-based sealant that protects the pavement from weathering
D) A polymer-based coating that enhances the aesthetics and visual appeal of the pavement

Answer: A) An additive to unbound pavement materials that improves their strength and durability

57. What is the function of geotextiles in unbound pavement materials?

A) To provide reinforcement and prevent soil erosion
B) To absorb moisture and reduce drainage problems
C) To enhance surface texture and skid resistance
D) To improve the aesthetics and visual appeal of the pavement

Answer: A) To provide reinforcement and prevent soil erosion

58. What is the typical range of particle size for unbound pavement materials?
A) 0.001-0.1 mm
B) 0.1-1 mm
C) 1-10 mm
D) 10-100 mm

Answer: C) 1-10 mm

59. What is the function of lime in soil stabilization?

A) To improve the plasticity and workability of the soil
B) To reduce the moisture content and improve compaction
C) To increase the bonding and strength of the soil particles
D) To enhance the permeability and drainage efficiency of the subgrade

Answer: B) To reduce the moisture content and improve compaction

60. What is the function of cement in soil stabilization?

A) To reduce the moisture content and improve compaction
B) To increase the bonding and strength of the soil particles
C) To enhance the permeability and drainage efficiency of the subgrade
D) To improve the plasticity and workability of the soil

Answer: B) To increase the bonding and strength of the soil particles

61. What is the function of fly ash in soil stabilization?

A) To improve the plasticity and workability of the soil
B) To reduce the moisture content and improve compaction
C) To increase the bonding and strength of the soil particles
D) To enhance the permeability and drainage efficiency of the subgrade

Answer: C) To increase the bonding and strength of the soil particles

62. What is the function of asphalt emulsion in soil stabilization?

A) To improve the plasticity and workability of the soil
B) To reduce the moisture content and improve compaction
C) To increase the bonding and strength of the soil particles
D) To enhance the permeability and drainage efficiency of the subgrade

Answer: D) To enhance the permeability and drainage efficiency of the subgrade

63. What is the primary factor affecting the longevity and durability of unbound pavement materials?
A) The quality and condition of the aggregate
B) The thickness and structural design of the pavement
C) The weather and environmental conditions
D) The age and maintenance history of the pavement

Answer: A) The quality and condition of the aggregate

64. What is the function of a geosynthetic clay liner in unbound pavement materials?
A) To provide reinforcement and prevent soil erosion
B) To improve the drainage efficiency and prevent moisture buildup
C) To enhance surface texture and skid resistance
D) To improve the aesthetics and visual appeal of the pavement

Answer: B) To improve the drainage efficiency and prevent moisture buildup

65. What is the primary factor affecting the permeability and drainage efficiency of unbound pavement materials?
A) The particle size distribution and void ratio of the aggregate
B) The thickness and structural design of the pavement
C) The weather and environmental conditions
D) The age and maintenance history of the pavement

Answer: A) The particle size distribution and void ratio of the aggregate

66. What is a soil stabilizer?

A) An additive to unbound pavement materials that improves their strength and durability
B) A herbicide that prevents vegetation growth on the pavement surface
C) A tar-based sealant that protects the pavement from weathering
D) A polymer-based coating that enhances the aesthetics and visual appeal of the pavement

Answer: A) An additive to unbound pavement materials that improves their strength and durability

67. What is the primary factor affecting the texture and skid resistance of unbound pavement materials?
A) The size and shape of the aggregate particles
B) The thickness and structural design of the pavement
C) The weather and environmental conditions
D) The age and maintenance history of the pavement
Answer: A) The size and shape of the aggregate particles

68. What is the primary factor affecting the construction quality of unbound pavement materials?
A) Proper compaction and moisture control
B) Selection and quality control of the aggregate
C) Structural design and thickness of the pavement
D) Environmental and weather conditions

Answer: A) Proper compaction and moisture control

69. What is the function of a geotextile interlayer in unbound pavement materials?

A) To provide reinforcement and prevent reflection cracking
B) To absorb moisture and reduce drainage problems
C) To enhance surface texture and skid resistance
D) To improve the aesthetics and visual appeal of the pavement

Answer: A) To provide reinforcement and prevent reflection cracking

70. What is a stabilized pavement material?

A) A pavement material that has been treated with a binder to improve its strength and durability
B) A pavement material that has been compacted to a specified density
C) A pavement material that has been designed to provide good traction and skid resistance
D) A pavement material that has been constructed with multiple layers of different materials

Answer: A) A pavement material that has been treated with a binder to improve its strength and durability

71. What is the most common binder used to stabilize pavement materials?
A) Asphalt emulsion
B) Cement
C) Lime
D) Fly ash

Answer: B) Cement

72. What is the function of a stabilized base layer in a pavement structure?

A) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to drive on
B) To prevent water infiltration and improve drainage
C) To distribute the load from the pavement surface to the subgrade
D) To absorb shock and reduce noise

Answer: C) To distribute the load from the pavement surface to the subgrade

73. What is the difference between a cement-stabilized base and a cement-treated base?
A) There is no difference, the terms are used interchangeably
B) A cement-stabilized base contains more cement than a cement-treated base
C) A cement-treated base contains more aggregate than a cement-stabilized base
D) A cement-treated base is more durable than a cement-stabilized base

Answer: A) There is no difference, the terms are used interchangeably

74. What is a benefit of using lime as a stabilizing agent?

A) It sets quickly, allowing for shorter construction times
B) It can improve soil plasticity, making it easier to work with
C) It is less expensive than other stabilizing agents
D) It is more durable than other stabilizing agents

Answer: B) It can improve soil plasticity, making it easier to work with

75. What is a primary disadvantage of using asphalt emulsion as a stabilizing agent?

A) It is not suitable for use in high-traffic areas
B) It does not provide good binding characteristics
C) It is vulnerable to damage from sunlight and weathering
D) It is not effective in stabilizing fine-grained soils

Answer: C) It is vulnerable to damage from sunlight and weathering

76. What is the function of a bituminous stabilized base layer in a pavement structure?
A) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to drive on
B) To prevent water infiltration and improve drainage
C) To distribute the load from the pavement surface to the subgrade
D) To improve the skid resistance of the pavement surface

Answer: C) To distribute the load from the pavement surface to the subgrade

77. What is the primary function of a bituminous surface treatment on a stabilized pavement surface?
A) To improve the skid resistance of the pavement surface
B) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to drive on
C) To prevent water infiltration and improve drainage
D) To enhance the aesthetics of the pavement

Answer: A) To improve the skid resistance of the pavement surface

78. What is the function of a prime coat in a stabilized pavement structure?

A) To improve the bond between the pavement layers
B) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to drive on
C) To prevent water infiltration and improve drainage
D) To reduce the ambient temperature during construction

Answer: A) To improve the bond between the pavement layers

79. What is the most common type of soil stabilized with lime?
A) Sand
B) Silt
C) Clay
D) Gravel

Answer: C) Clay

80. What is the primary function of a soil-cement stabilized base layer?

A) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to drive on
B) To prevent water infiltration and improve drainage
C) To distribute the load from the pavement surface to the subgrade
D) To absorb shock and reduce noise

Answer: C) To distribute the load from the pavement surface to the subgrade

81. What is the function of a curing compound in a stabilized pavement structure?

A) To prevent the loss of water from the pavement surface during curing
B) To improve the bond between the pavement layers
C) To prevent water infiltration and improve drainage
D) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to drive on

Answer: A) To prevent the loss of water from the pavement surface during curing

82. What is the primary function of a fly ash stabilized base layer?
A) To provide good skid resistance for vehicles
B) To absorb water and prevent it from infiltrating the pavement structure
C) To distribute loads evenly and prevent cracking in the pavement surface
D) To absorb noise and reduce traffic sounds
Answer: C) To distribute loads evenly and prevent cracking in the pavement surface

83. What is the function of a soil stabilizer in pavement construction?

A) To improve the strength and stability of the soil
B) To compact the soil to a specified density
C) To provide a level surface for the pavement
D) To reduce environmental impact of the pavement construction

Answer: A) To improve the strength and stability of the soil

84. What is the typical range of cement content in a cement-stabilized base layer?
A) 1-3%
B) 3-5%
C) 5-7%
D) 7-10%

Answer: B) 3-5%

85. What is the function of a cold in-place recycled base layer in pavement construction?
A) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to drive on
B) To prevent water infiltration and improve drainage
C) To distribute loads evenly and prevent cracking in the pavement surface
D) To improve the aesthetics of the pavement

Answer: C) To distribute loads evenly and prevent cracking in the pavement surface

86. What is the main disadvantage of using fly ash as a stabilizing agent?
A) It is expensive compared to other stabilizing agents
B) It is not effective in stabilizing fine-grained soils
C) It requires a longer curing time than other stabilizing agents
D) It is not as durable and long-lasting as other stabilizing agents

Answer: D) It is not as durable and long-lasting as other stabilizing agents

87. What is the function of a bituminous prime coat in pavement construction?

A) To improve the bond between the layers of the pavement
B) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to drive on
C) To prevent water infiltration and improve drainage
D) To reduce the ambient temperature during construction

Answer: A) To improve the bond between the layers of the pavement

88. What is the primary function of a portland cement concrete stabilized base layer?
A) To provide good skid resistance for vehicles
B) To absorb water and prevent it from infiltrating the pavement structure
C) To distribute loads evenly and prevent cracking in the pavement surface
D) To absorb noise and reduce traffic sounds

Answer: C) To distribute loads evenly and prevent cracking in the pavement surface

89. What is the typical range of lime content in a lime-stabilized base layer?
A) 1-3%
B) 3-5%
C) 5-7%
D) 7-10%

Answer: A) 1-3%

90. What is bituminous material?

A) A type of plastic material
B) A petroleum-based material
C) A synthetic material made from rubber
D) A type of ceramic material

Answer: B) A petroleum-based material

91. What is the primary function of binders in bituminous materials?

A) To provide strength and durability
B) To improve skid resistance
C) To enhance aesthetics
D) To reduce noise

Answer: A) To provide strength and durability

92. Where is the primary source of bitumen for use in bituminous materials?
A) Coal mines
B) Natural gas reserves
C) Petroleum refineries
D) Shale deposits

Answer: C) Petroleum refineries

93. What is the common name for the type of bitumen used in road construction?
A) Asphalt
B) Petroleum jelly
C) Tar
D) Kerosene

Answer: A) Asphalt
94. What is the difference between asphalt and bitumen?
A) There is no difference, the terms are used interchangeably
B) Asphalt is a type of bitumen that has been modified with additives
C) Bitumen is a natural product, while asphalt is synthetic
D) Asphalt is more durable than bitumen

Answer: A) There is no difference, the terms are used interchangeably

95. What is the primary factor that determines the viscosity of bitumen?
A) The source of the bitumen
B) The temperature of the bitumen
C) The amount of filler added to the bitumen
D) The type of aggregate used with the bitumen

Answer: B) The temperature of the bitumen

96. What is the function of an asphalt plant in bituminous material production?

A) To extract bitumen from a natural source
B) To blend bitumen with aggregate and other additives
C) To mix bitumen with water to form an emulsion
D) To heat and melt the bitumen for use in construction

Answer: D) To heat and melt the bitumen for use in construction

97. What is the primary difference between a hot mix asphalt and a warm mix asphalt?
A) The type of aggregate used in the mixture
B) The amount of binder used in the mixture
C) The temperature at which the mixture is produced
D) The method of compaction used to install the mixture
Answer: C) The temperature at which the mixture is produced

98. What is the purpose of a surface treatment in bituminous construction?

A) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on
B) To improve the skid resistance of the pavement surface
C) To prevent water infiltration into the pavement structure
D) To enhance the appearance of the pavement

Answer: B) To improve the skid resistance of the pavement surface

99. What is the Marshall method of mix design used for in bituminous pavement construction?
A) To determine the optimal binder content for a particular mixture
B) To determine the optimal aggregate gradation for a particular mixture
C) To determine the strength and durability of a pavement structure
D) To determine the optimal compaction temperature for a particular mixture

Answer: A) To determine the optimal binder content for a particular mixture

100. What is the primary disadvantage of using a high air-void content in bituminous pavement?
A) Reduced drainage capacity
B) Reduced skid resistance
C) Reduced durability
D) Increased noise levels

Answer: C) Reduced durability

101. What is a benefit of using an open-graded asphalt mixture in pavement construction?

A) Reduced noise levels
B) Improved drainage capacity
C) Enhanced skid resistance
D) Increased durability

Answer: B) Improved drainage capacity

102. What is the typical range of binder content used in a bituminous wearing surface?
A) 3-5%
B) 5-7%
C) 7-9%
D) 9-11%

Answer: A) 3-5%

103. What is the function of a prime coat in bituminous pavement construction?

A) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on
B) To prevent water infiltration into the pavement structure
C) To improve the bond between the pavement layers
D) To reduce the ambient temperature during construction

Answer: C) To improve the bond between the pavement layers

104. What is the function of a tack coat in bituminous pavement construction?

A) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on
B) To prevent water infiltration into the pavement structure
C) To improve the bond between the pavement layers
D) To reduce the ambient temperature during construction

Answer: C) To improve the bond between the pavement layers

105. What is a benefit of using a polymer-modified bitumen in pavement construction?

A) Increased durability
B) Reduced drainage capacity
C) Reduced cost
D) Reduced skid resistance

Answer: A) Increased durability

106. What is the primary function of an asphalt binder in pavement construction?

A) To provide binding strength to hold the pavement layers together
B) To provide water resistance to prevent damage from rainfall
C) To provide traction for vehicles traveling on the pavement
D) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on

Answer: A) To provide binding strength to hold the pavement layers together

107. What is the function of a seal coat in bituminous pavement construction?

A) To improve the skid resistance of the pavement surface
B) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on
C) To improve the bond between the pavement layers
D) To prevent water infiltration into the pavement structure

Answer: D) To prevent water infiltration into the pavement structure

108. What is the primary factor that determines the amount of bitumen required for a particular pavement
mixture?
A) The type of aggregate used in the mixture
B) The traffic volume and type of vehicles using the pavement
C) The thickness of the pavement structure
D) The ambient temperature during pavement construction

Answer: B) The traffic volume and type of vehicles using the pavement
109. What is a chip seal in bituminous pavement construction?
A) A surface treatment that consists of a thin layer of asphalt and aggregate
B) A type of mixture that includes a high percentage of recycled materials
C) A surface layer that includes a high percentage of air voids for improved drainage
D) A type of binder that uses a mix of different recycled materials

Answer: A) A surface treatment that consists of a thin layer of asphalt and aggregate

110. What is a hot-in-place recycling method in bituminous pavement construction?

A) A method of pavement construction using a high percentage of recycled asphalt
B) A method of pavement rehabilitation that involves grinding the existing pavement and adding new asphalt
C) A method of pavement treatment that uses a liquid asphalt emulsion to seal the surface
D) A method of pavement maintenance that involves applying a thin layer of asphalt to the surface

Answer: B) A method of pavement rehabilitation that involves grinding the existing pavement and adding new
asphalt

111. What is the primary factor that determines the quality of an asphalt binder used in pavement construction?
A) The viscosity of the binder
B) The source of the binder
C) The price of the binder
D) The color of the binder

Answer: A) The viscosity of the binder

112. What is the function of an interlayer in bituminous pavement construction?

A) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on
B) To prevent water infiltration into the pavement structure
C) To improve the bond between the pavement layers
D) To reduce the ambient temperature during construction
Answer: C) To improve the bond between the pavement layers

113. What is the purpose of a surface course in bituminous pavement construction?

A) To distribute the load from vehicles to the subgrade
B) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on
C) To improve drainage capacity
D) To enhance the appearance of the pavement

Answer: B) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on

114. What is a benefit of using a stone-matrix asphalt mixture in pavement construction?
A) Reduced drainage capacity
B) Reduced skid resistance
C) Increased durability
D) Increased noise levels

Answer: C) Increased durability

115. What is a benefit of using a warm mix asphalt in pavement construction?

A) Increased durability
B) Reduced energy consumption and emissions during production
C) Improved skid resistance
D) Enhanced aesthetics

Answer: B) Reduced energy consumption and emissions during production

115. What is the primary function of a geosynthetic reinforcement in bituminous pavement construction?
A) To prevent water infiltration into the pavement structure
B) To improve drainage capacity
C) To enhance the strength and stability of the pavement
D) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on

Answer: C) To enhance the strength and stability of the pavement

116. What is the primary disadvantage of using a dense-graded asphalt mixture in pavement construction?
A) Reduced durability
B) Increased drainage capacity
C) Reduced skid resistance
D) Increased noise levels

Answer: B) Increased drainage capacity

117. What is the function of a microsurfacing treatment in bituminous pavement construction?

A) To overlay an existing pavement surface with a new layer of asphalt concrete
B) To seal cracks and prevent water infiltration into the pavement structure
C) To add texture and enhance skid resistance of the pavement surface
D) To remove worn pavement layer and replace it with a new layer

Answer: B) To seal cracks and prevent water infiltration into the pavement structure

118. What is the typical range of temperature for producing hot mix asphalt?
A) 100-150°C
B) 150-200°C
C) 200-250°C
D) 250-300°C

Answer: B) 150-200°C

119. What is the primary disadvantage of using a permeable asphalt mixture in pavement construction?
A) Reduced durability
B) Reduced drainage capacity
C) Reduced skid resistance
D) Increased noise levels

Answer: A) Reduced durability

120. What is the typical range of air void content in a bituminous base course?
A) 3-5%
B) 5-7%
C) 7-9%
D) 9-11%

Answer: C) 7-9%

120. What is the purpose of a fog seal in bituminous pavement construction?

A) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on
B) To improve skid resistance of the pavement surface
C) To prevent water infiltration into the pavement structure
D) To enhance the color of the pavement

Answer: C) To prevent water infiltration into the pavement structure

121. What is the primary function of a stress absorbing membrane interlayer (SAMI) in bituminous pavement
construction?
A) To prevent water infiltration into the pavement structure
B) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on
C) To enhance the strength and stability of the pavement
D) To absorb shocks and reduce cracking in the pavement surface

Answer: D) To absorb shocks and reduce cracking in the pavement surface

122. What does AASHTO stand for in pavement design?
A) American Asphalt and Surface Transportation Organization
B) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
C) Asphalt and Stone Highway Transportation Organization
D) Association of Asphalt and Stone pavement Technicians

Answer: B) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

123. What is the primary objective of using the AASHTO method of flexible pavement design?
A) To determine the optimal thickness of pavement layers for a particular traffic load and subgrade conditions
B) To enhance the smoothness and evenness of the pavement surface
C) To improve the aesthetics of the pavement
D) To reduce the noise levels generated by traffic on the pavement

Answer: A) To determine the optimal thickness of pavement layers for a particular traffic load and subgrade
conditions

124. What is the primary factor that determines the thickness of the asphalt concrete layer in the AASHTO
flexible pavement design method?
A) The subgrade strength
B) The traffic volume and axle loads
C) The climate conditions
D) The availability of construction materials

Answer: B) The traffic volume and axle loads

125. What is the function of a subbase layer in a flexible pavement structure?

A) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on
B) To improve drainage capacity
C) To enhance the strength and stability of the pavement
D) To reduce the ambient temperature during construction

Answer: C) To enhance the strength and stability of the pavement

126. What is the primary disadvantage of using a thin asphalt concrete layer in a flexible pavement structure?
A) Reduced durability
B) Increased drainage capacity
C) Reduced skid resistance
D) Increased noise levels

Answer: A) Reduced durability

127. What is a benefit of using a stabilized base layer in a flexible pavement structure?
A) Increased durability
B) Reduced drainage capacity
C) Reduced cost
D) Reduced skid resistance

Answer: A) Increased durability

128. What is the typical thickness range for the aggregate base layer in a flexible pavement structure, according to
the AASHTO design method?
A) 2-4 inches
B) 4-6 inches
C) 6-8 inches
D) 8-10 inches

Answer: B) 4-6 inches

129. What is a benefit of using a geosynthetic material in a flexible pavement structure?

A) Increased drainage capacity
B) Reduced skid resistance
C) Reduced construction cost
D) Reduced durability

Answer: A) Increased drainage capacity

130. What is the function of a geotextile layer in a flexible pavement structure?

A) To improve the bond between the pavement layers
B) To enhance the strength and stability of the pavement
C) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on
D) To prevent water infiltration into the pavement structure

Answer: D) To prevent water infiltration into the pavement structure

131. What is the function of a drainage layer in a flexible pavement structure?

A) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on
B) To enhance the strength and stability of the pavement
C) To remove excess water from the pavement structure
D) To reduce noise levels generated by traffic on the pavement

Answer: C) To remove excess water from the pavement structure

132. What is a benefit of using a asphalt treated permeable base (ATPB) layer in a flexible pavement structure?
A) Increased durability
B) Reduced drainage capacity
C) Reduced cost
D) Reduced skid resistance

Answer: A) Increased durability

133. What is the function of the resilient modulus of the subgrade in the AASHTO design method for flexible
pavements?
A) To determine the thickness of the asphalt concrete layer
B) To provide a measure of the strength and stiffness of the subgrade
C) To improve the bond between the pavement layers
D) To reduce the ambient temperature during construction

Answer: B) To provide a measure of the strength and stiffness of the subgrade

134. What is a benefit of using a flexible base layer in a flexible pavement structure?
A) Increased drainage capacity
B) Reduced skid resistance
C) Reduced cost
D) Enhanced aesthetics

Answer: A) Increased drainage capacity

135. What is a benefit of using a stabilized subgrade layer in a flexible pavement structure?
A) Increased durability
B) Reduced drainage capacity
C) Reduced cost
D) Reduced skid resistance

Answer: A) Increased durability

136. What is the primary disadvantage of using a full-depth asphalt layer in a flexible pavement structure?
A) Increased construction time and cost
B) Reduced durability
C) Increased drainage capacity
D) Increased skid resistance

Answer: A) Increased construction time and cost

137. What is the function of a leveling course layer in a flexible pavement structure?
A) To improve the bond between the pavement layers
B) To remove excess water from the pavement structure
C) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on
D) To enhance the strength and stability of the pavement

Answer: C) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on

138. What is a benefit of using a recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) in a flexible pavement structure?
A) Reduced construction cost
B) Increased durability
C) Reduced drainage capacity
D) Reduced skid resistance

Answer: A) Reduced construction cost

139. What is the function of a stress-absorbing membrane interlayer (SAMI) in a flexible pavement structure?
A) To remove excess water from the pavement structure
B) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on
C) To reduce cracking and improve the durability of the pavement
D) To enhance the appearance of the pavement

Answer: C) To reduce cracking and improve the durability of the pavement

140. What is a benefit of using a high-modulus asphalt concrete in a flexible pavement structure?
A) Increased durability
B) Reduced drainage capacity
C) Reduced construction time and cost
D) Enhanced aesthetics

Answer: A) Increased durability

) To enhance the strength and stability of the pavement
D) To improve the bond between the asphalt concrete layer and the layer beneath it

Answer: D) To improve the bond between the asphalt concrete layer and the layer beneath it

141. What is the primary objective of using the AASHTO design method for flexible pavements?
A) To determine the minimum thickness required for each pavement layer using standard design parameters
B) To ensure that the pavement has a smooth, even surface for vehicles to travel on
C) To minimize the cost of pavement construction without sacrificing performance
D) To improve the aesthetics of the pavement surface

Answer: A) To determine the minimum thickness required for each pavement layer using standard design
parameters

142. What is the primary factor that determines the design traffic load for a flexible pavement using the AASHTO
design method?
A) The average daily traffic volume
B) The heaviest vehicle that will use the pavement
C) The speed limit of the roadway
D) The surrounding environmental conditions, such as temperature and precipitation

Answer: B) The heaviest vehicle that will use the pavement

143. What is the function of the resilient modulus of a subbase layer in the AASHTO design method for flexible
pavements?
A) To determine the thickness required for the subbase layer
B) To provide a measure of the strength and stiffness of the subgrade
C) To determine the design traffic load for the pavement structure
D) To improve the bond between the pavement layers

Answer: B) To provide a measure of the strength and stiffness of the subgrade

144. What is a benefit of using a geosynthetic interlayer in a flexible pavement structure?

A) Improved drainage capacity
B) Reduced construction time and cost
C) Enhanced aesthetics
D) Increased skid resistance

Answer: A) Improved drainage capacity

145. What is the function of a prime coat in a flexible pavement structure?

A) To improve the bond between the pavement layers
B) To remove excess water from the pavement structure
C) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on
D) To enhance the durability of the pavement surface

Answer: A) To improve the bond between the pavement layers

146. What is a benefit of using a recycled base material in a flexible pavement structure?
A) Reduced construction time and cost
B) Increased durability
C) Increased skid resistance
D) Improved aesthetics
Answer: A) Reduced construction time and cost
147. What is the function of a tack coat in a flexible pavement structure?
A) To improve the bond between the pavement layers
B) To remove excess water from the pavement structure
C) To provide a smooth and even surface for vehicles to travel on
D) To enhance the durability of the pavement surface
Answer: A) To improve the bond between the pavement layers
148. What is the primary objective of using ERA and AACRA design procedures for flexible pavements?
A) To determine the required thickness and materials for each pavement layer based on traffic load and subgrade
conditions
B) To improve the ride quality and surface texture of the pavement
C) To reduce the construction time and cost of the pavement
D) To minimize the environmental impact of pavement construction and maintenance

Answer: A) To determine the required thickness and materials for each pavement layer based on traffic load and
subgrade conditions
149. What is the primary factor that determines the design load for airfield pavement design?
A) The number of aircraft using the airfield
B) The weight and configuration of the largest aircraft using the airfield
C) The speed at which aircraft will be traveling on the pavement surface
D) The environmental conditions surrounding the airfield

Answer: B) The weight and configuration of the largest aircraft using the airfield

150. What is the function of a friction course in the airfield pavement structure?
A) To enhance durability and structural capacity of the pavement
B) To provide a smooth and even surface for aircraft to travel on
C) To improve the surface texture and skid resistance of the pavement
D) To increase the drainage capacity of the pavement

Answer: C) To improve the surface texture and skid resistance of the pavement