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PONTERAS (Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers)

1. The document summarizes an activity identifying different types of alcohols, reactions of alcohols, and comparing properties of alcohols and ethers. 2. It finds that alcohols have higher boiling points than ethers due to hydrogen bonding between alcohol molecules. Ethers do not form these bonds and have weaker intermolecular forces. 3. Alcohols, phenols, and ethers are differentiated based on their structure, properties, uses, and roles in biological systems. While all are organic compounds, they contain different functional groups that give them varying acidity, reactivity, and applications.

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KARYLLE JUNE PONTERAS
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55 views3 pages

PONTERAS (Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers)

1. The document summarizes an activity identifying different types of alcohols, reactions of alcohols, and comparing properties of alcohols and ethers. 2. It finds that alcohols have higher boiling points than ethers due to hydrogen bonding between alcohol molecules. Ethers do not form these bonds and have weaker intermolecular forces. 3. Alcohols, phenols, and ethers are differentiated based on their structure, properties, uses, and roles in biological systems. While all are organic compounds, they contain different functional groups that give them varying acidity, reactivity, and applications.

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KARYLLE JUNE PONTERAS
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Name: Karylle June G.

Ponteras Date: 06/05/23

Course & Year: Bs in Biology – 1ST Yr. Score:

Activity # 7: ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS

A. Identification of the name by drawing its structure and the type of alcohol

1. Draw the structure of the following substances and the type of alcohol

Compounds Line bond structure Type of alcohol

a. propane – 1 -ol Primary alcohol

b. 2-methyl but-2-ol Tertiary alcohol

c. 2,2 dimethyl prop-1-ol Secondary alcohol

d. propane -1,2,3- triol Tertiary alcohol

e. 3, 4 dimethyl butanol Primary alcohol

2. Reactions of Alcohols: Reaction of Alcohol with Halide

Predict the Products of the following Reactions

1. CH3 CH2 OH + HBr → CH3CH2Br + H2O (nucleophilic substitution reaction)

2. Dehydration of Alcohols will produce alkenes


CH3CH2CH2OH →→ CH3CH=CH2 + H2O

3. Oxidation of Alcohols will produce aldehydes

a. Primary alcohol: CH3CH2CH2OH → CH3CH2CHO + H2O

b. secondary alcohol: CH3CH3 CH(OH) CH3 → CH3COCH3 + H2O


B. Comparison of the Properties of Alcohols and Ethers

Molecule Molecular Boiling point (˚C )


weight
CH3OCH3 46 -24.9

CH3-CH2-OH 46 78

CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3 74 35

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2OH 74 117.7

1. Discuss why is it that there is a difference in the boiling points of ethanol and dimethyl
ether the same with propanol and diethyl ether?

Alcohols include ethanol and propanol, whereas ethers include dimethyl ether and diethyl
ether. The molecular structures of these compounds and the intermolecular forces that exist
within each molecule can be used to explain why they have different boiling temperatures.
Alcohols often have higher boiling points than ethers due to the hydrogen bonds that exist
between the molecules of alcohol. When an atom of hydrogen is bound to an atom that is
extremely electronegative, like oxygen or nitrogen, this form of dipole-dipole interaction is known
as hydrogen bonding. When it comes to alcohols, the hydrogen atom on one molecule forms a
hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom on another molecule. As a result, boiling temperatures
increase and intermolecular forces become greater.

On the other hand, ethers do not have hydrogen bonds between their molecules. Dipole-
dipole interactions, such as Van der Waals forces, are instead weaker between the molecules.
Ethers have lower boiling temperatures and weaker intermolecular interactions than alcohols
with comparable molecular weights due to the absence of hydrogen bonding.

C. Name the following Phenols

OH
1. 2.

OH F

4-ethyl-2,5-dimethylphenol 3-fluorophenol
D. Discussion

1. Differentiate Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers based on their structure, physical and chemical
properties, uses and importance to biological system.

Alcohols are organic substances with a carbon atom and hydroxyl group attached,
providing higher boiling temperatures. Alcohols are polar due to the presence of the
hydroxyl group, which provides them higher boiling temperatures and water solubility
than nonpolar substances of equivalent molecular weight. The reactions that alcohol can
go through include oxidation, dehydration, and esterification. Alcohols are frequently
used as disinfectants, antiseptics, and solvents. They are used as disinfectants,
antiseptics, solvents, signaling chemicals and metabolic intermediates in biological
systems.

Phenols are organic substances made up of a benzene ring and hydroxyl group.
They are more acidic than alcohols, have higher boiling temperatures, and are more
soluble in water. Phenols can go through a number of different kinds of reactions, such
as oxidation, esterification, and halogenation. They are used as antiseptics,
disinfectants, and as building blocks for medications.

Ethers are organic compounds with an oxygen atom linked to two alkyl or aryl
groups. They are less polar than alcohols and can undergo various reactions. They are
commonly used as solvents, starting materials for the synthesis of organic compounds,
and as anesthetics. In biological systems, they play important roles as structural
components of lipids and cell membranes.

Alcohols, phenols, and ethers differ in their structures, physical and chemical
properties, uses, and importance in biological systems. Alcohols have higher boiling
points and solubility in water compared to ethers, while phenols are more acidic.
Alcohols have hydroxyl groups attached to a carbon atom. Phenols have a benzene ring,
while ethers have an oxygen atom linking two alkyl or aryl groups. They are commonly
used as disinfectants and antiseptics. Ethers are used as solvents and as anesthetics. In
biological systems, they play important roles as metabolic intermediates, signaling
molecules, and precursors to hormones, while ethers serve as structural components of
lipids and cell membranes.

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