G307-03 Powered Industrial Vehicles Guidance Document
G307-03 Powered Industrial Vehicles Guidance Document
Guidance:
G307-03 Guidance on Powered Industrial Vehicles
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use of Unilever Group companies and authorised third parties engaged by the Unilever
Group.
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may use this document provided that they only do so for the specific purpose authorised in
writing and they accept that this document is not intended to constitute a definitive,
accurate or complete statement of the practices to be followed. No other person may use
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companies accept no liability to any third party for the contents of this document or any
reliance on it. Unilever Group companies are Unilever plc, Unilever NV and their
associated companies.
Introduction
This Guidance Document is intended to cover material handling activities using Powered
Industrial Vehicles (PIVs). The requirements detailed in this standard address only the
essential and necessary precautions relevant to each topic. There may be specific and / or
additional requirement called for in by equipment supplier or by site safety rules based on
location-based risk evaluation.
In countries where stricter national regulatory requirements exist, those should take
precedence over Unilever requirements.
Note: This document does not mandatorily suggest any specific brand of PIV equipment,
country’s local procurement and engineering organisations should use this guidance for only
specifying operational, design and safety feature while selecting equipment that is “Fit to
purpose and safe”
This document is relevant and applicable to all Unilever organisations using PIVs, whether
manufacturing or non-manufacturing.
3. References:
S307 – Functional SHE Standard - Material Handling Equipment
4. Definitions:
a) Powered Industrial Vehicles (PIVs): is a mobile, power driven vehicle used to carry,
push, pull, lift, stack or tier material.
b) Powered Industrial Vehicle Trainer: Person who has the knowledge, training and
experience to train operators and evaluate their competence.
c) Carriage: A support structure for forks or attachments, generally travelling vertically
along the mast of a cantilever.
e) Mast: The support member providing the guidance ways permitting vertical
movement of the carriage. It is usually constructed in the form of channels or similar
sections providing the supporting pathway for the carriage rollers.
f) Hazardous Zones: PIVs travel Areas with limited clearance, congestion, or other
hazards.
g) Overhead Guard: A framework fitted to a truck over the head of a riding operator.
the “Stop Zone”.
i) Ramp: variation in floor grade in excess of 3% of the length where rating data
variance is required shall constitute a ramp.
j) Risk Assessment: All sites should conduct a formal risk assessment for all the PIVs
being used at site, covering all elements (i.e. movement path, pedestrian path
ways/intersections, operations, maintenance, inspections, fuelling and charging, &
Parking areas, as applicable.)
5. Equipment Selection
All sites should select PIVs as per the load lifting needs. The selection consideration
includes;
5.4. Ergonomics:
High quality adjustable seating is important as forklift operators are sitting in their
machines for hours at a time. Investing in quality ergonomics will lessen the likelihood of
injuries, such as back pain, which can be caused by repetitive tasks performed in
uncomfortable seating.
5.5. Application:
Right selection based on right applications plays a great role in the life span of the PIV as
well as safety of the operator. For example; significant number of serious incidents in forklifts
take place due to:
Hence the site should select, sideways driven Forklifts/PIVs to prevent incidents.
Pictures
P
All selected Powered Industrial Vehicles should have the following safety features:
6.1 Requirements:
f.
d.e.LED Combination
An overhead
Fork guard be
lift seat should
headlights
is necessary
comfortable. havefortoroll
The beover
seatbelt
mounted
must be interlocked into (for
protection front
to and back
operator. the
vehicles that are used in
ignition of the forklift or
dark areas).
safety doors must be
installed.
j. Reverse/Back-up alarm
g. Front adjust
volume load guard oron
load
i. Ensure
back rest horn based
is audible.
extension &
ambient noise levels in
Guarding
work areas.for(where
dangerous
moving parts
deemed necessary in the
risk assessment).
h. Reverse Facing
f. Maximum speed Blue
to be
Safety Light. Light
password protected at shines
on
5mphthefor
ground 15 feet
all PIVs.
from the lift.
e.
d.Operator compartment
Camera system for sensor (device that restricts the
operator from
spotting of hanging
loads in thefeet out of stand-up lifts (i.e. Light
curtains,
racks. physical door, pressure plate).
i. Impact Sensor
h. Head lights with turn
Device
f. Rearthat measures
Assist Handle with
signals
forklift contacts
Horn Button (Promotes
Facing to The Rear of the
Truck During Reverse
Operations
a) Truck controls and instrumentation: Where they are located, what they do and how
they work.
b) Engine and motor operation
c) Steering and manoeuvring
d) Visibility (including restrictions due to loading)
e) Vehicle stability (load diagrams)
f) Vehicle inspections and maintenance that the operator will be required to perform.
g) Re-fuelling and/or charging and recharging of batteries
h) Surface conditions where the vehicle is to be operated
i) Composition of loads to be carried and load stability
j) Load manipulation, stacking and unstacking
k) Ramps and other sloped surfaces that could affect the vehicle’s stability
l) Closed environments and other areas where insufficient ventilation or poor vehicle
maintenance could cause a build-up of carbon monoxide or diesel exhaust
m) Operating limitations
n) The critical measurements of a powered industrial vehicle are:
Overall Lowered Height (OALH)
Overall Raised Height (OARH)
Free Fork Height (FFH)
Maximum Fork Height (MFH)
The site should also clearly define any additional, site specific, training topics and create
appropriate training to cover these topics. Operators should receive initial training before
they are allowed to operate a PIV. Operators should be trained on all the above-mentioned
topics unless the site demonstrate that the topics are not relevant to safe operations on the
site. Sites should create a training program that list all relevant topics and the method of
training (Slide deck, video and hands on training and/or practical training).
In conclusion of the training a written test should be taken. The operator should be able to
answer the questions with a minimum of 80% accuracy. After passing the written test, the
operator should show that they can operate a Powered Industrial Vehicle safely by
demonstrating their ability on the shop floor.
Refresher training needs to be completed annually. In the case of a work place accident or
near miss refresher training needs to be completed. Should there be any changes to the
work environment or the Powered Industrial Vehicles, a risk assessment needs to be
completed. In accordance with the findings of the risk assessment the training program
should be amended, and refresher training is required.
All training should be documented with name of the operator, date of training, date of
evaluation and the name of the person conducting the training. A performance evaluation of
the operator should be undertaken and signed by the evaluator and the operator.
The site should clearly define the rules for a safe operating procedure based on the risk
assessment. The rules should be specifically designed for each PIV used at the site. The
rules should clearly communicate what the operator’s responsibilities are.
Note: PIV may be driven forward with a load when picking and
depositing load. If longer runs are needed with Load up, then
a spotter is required.
5. Only approved industrial trucks shall be used in hazardous
locations.
The operator should check on daily basis, the preventive maintenance check list prior to
operation. As sample operator checklist attached in the Annexure.
The following items should be checked during an operator inspection;
a. Condition of the PIV bodywork, windscreen, windows, lights and mirrors.
b. Condition of tires, tire pressure, tire wear and jack.
c. Condition of forks, pedals and brakes.
d. Condition of signs, labels and markings.
e. Hydraulic fluid levels.
f. Fuel level.
g. Brake and clutch fluid.
h. Electrical wiring
i. Fan belts.
j. Load chart.
k. Brakes
l. Fuel hoses and connections
m. Exhaust system.
n. Battery.
o. For oil leakage.
p. Horn.
q. Condition and function of seat belts.
r. Fuel tank and mounting brackets.
s. Fire extinguisher.
t. Engine cover latches.
u. Back-up alarm.
v. Handholds and foothold
12.2 Travelling
a) All traffic regulations shall be observed, including authorized site speed limits.
b) A safe distance, of approximately three truck lengths from the truck ahead of
you, shall be maintained.
c) The truck shall be kept under control at all times.
d) Other trucks travelling in the same direction at intersections, blind spots and
other dangerous locations shall not be passed.
e) The right of way shall be yielded to ambulances, fire trucks and other vehicles in
emergency situations.
f) The driver shall be required to look in the direction of and keep a clear view of
the path of travel.
g) Under all travel conditions the truck shall be operated at a speed that will permit
it to be brought to a stop in a safe manner.
h) Stunt driving and horseplay shall not be permitted.
i) The driver shall be required to slow down for wet and slippery floors.
j) The driver shall be required to slow down and sound the horn at cross aisles
and other locations where vision is obstructed.
k) If the load being carried obstructs forward view, the driver shall be required to
travel with the load trailing.
l) Railroad tracks shall be crossed diagonally wherever possible. Parking closer
than 8 feet from the center of railroad tracks is prohibited.
m) Grades shall be ascended or descended slowly.
n) When ascending or descending a grade, loaded trucks shall be driven with the
load upgrade.
o) On all grades the load and load engaging means shall be tilted back if
applicable and raised only as far as necessary to clear the road surface.
p) Dock boards or bridge plates shall be properly secured before they are driven
over. Dock boards or bridge plates shall be driven over carefully and slowly, and
their rated capacity shall never be exceeded.
q) Elevators shall be approached slowly and then entered squarely after the
elevator car is properly levelled. Once on the elevator, the controls shall be
neutralized, power shut off and the brakes set.
r) Motorized hand trucks should enter the elevator or other confined areas with
load end forward.
s) Running over loose object on the roadway surface shall be avoided.
t) While negotiating turns, speed is to be reduced to a safe level.
u) If the forklift is equipped with a seat belt, the seat belt should be worn.
v) Do not use mobile phones and other non-work-related devices while operating
PIVs.
w) No person may stand on the PIV nor be elevated except with the use of a lift
truck basket attachment that complies with fall protection requirements.
12.3 Loading/Unloading
13. Maintenance
The site should maintain a register of all PIVs with maintenance schedules. All maintenance
intervals have to be determined based upon local laws, regulations and the manufacturer’s
Each site has to create a procedure for the safe storage and handling of fuel. A risk
assessment has to be completed to ensure that fuel is stored and handled in a safe matter.
Local environmental laws and regulations have to be adhered to by all sites.
The following items should be included in the fuel storage and handling procedures:
h) Cylinders shall not be left in a location exposed to the sun or other heat
source unless a suitable protective screen is provided.
i) Cylinders should never be used as a work support or roller.
j) Cylinder gases shall be used for their specified purpose only.
k) Cylinders should not be stored in basements or other underground locations
unless provisions have been made for their quick removal in case of an
emergency.
l) Integrity test of all cylinders shall be performed annually. Monthly test should
be performed by the person in charge. Only approved cylinders from a
reliable / certified source may be used.
m) Cylinders should be properly secured against movement before
transportation.
n) The storage area should be a designated non-smoking area.
o) When attaching or detaching a cylinder always wear leather gloves.
p) Before removing the cylinder, close the valve on the cylinder to be changed.
Then run the engine of the PIV until no fuel is left. This ensures that the
connection hose is empty.
Each site has to create a procedure for the safe storage and handling of batteries. A risk
assessment has to be completed to ensure that batteries are stored and handled in a safe
matter. Local environmental laws and regulations have to be adhered to by all sites.
The following items should be included in the battery storage and handling procedures;
a) Manufacturer’s instructions
b) You should provide safety eyewash/shower stations.
c) The site should provide slash-proof goggles, face shield, rubber apron and
acid-resistant gloves.
d) The site should maintain an acid spill kit or other means of neutralization for
use in the event of any release of battery acid.
e) The battery should be secured in the truck before departing the charging
area.
f) Current should be switched off prior to disconnecting the battery from the
charger.
g) Charging areas should be properly ventilated. The concentration of hydrogen
in the air should be below 1%.
h) Prior to use, visually inspect the battery and the charging equipment for
defective cables, exposed conductors, loose connections, corrosion, cracked
cases or covers, loose hold-downs and deformed or loose terminal posts.
Tag out of service and do not use if defective.
Each site has to create a procedure for the safe storage and handling of fuel for internal
combustion engines. A risk assessment should be completed to ensure that fuel is stored
and handled in a safe matter. Local environmental laws and regulations should be adhered
to by all sites. The following items should be included in the fuel for internal combustion
engines storage and handling procedures:
a) Guidelines should meet the manufacturer’s requirements and flammable
liquid storage and usage laws.
b) Switch engine off prior to fueling. Open flames or spark producing activities
are not allowed during fueling operations.
c) Wait for the engine to cool down a bit.
d) When refueling with LPG use chemical goggles and leather or propane
gloves when making or breaking connections to protect skin from extreme
cold temperatures that may be caused as the liquid fuel vaporizes during a
leak.
e) If fuel is to be transported in a portable container, ensure that the container is
bonded with the PIV or grounded (plastic jerry cans may have an exemption).
The risk assessment for each task will show the risks that are present, and a PPE plan
should be developed accordingly for each task.
Safety shoes is mandatory to wear while driving a PIV.
1 Required
2 Required
3 Subject to Risk
Assessment
4 Subject to Risk
Assessment
5 Gloves & Goggles Subject to Risk
Assessment
6 Subject to Risk
Mask Assessment
All sites should monitor and report all injury and non-injury collisions and have them
investigated as per incident reporting / and investigation standard.
Corrective and preventive action should be taken to eliminate all actual and potential root
causes to reduce and eliminate PIV related incidents.
Best Practice: PIV ongoing compliance should be monitored through quarterly deep
compliance audits.
Identified gaps should be followed up with specific actions, timeline and responsivity.
All sites should review the PIV related risk once every year or as necessitated by a change
in site layout, equipment type and quantity, change in technology, PIV routes and/or
pedestrian pathways, whichever is earlier. The change should be documented, and the
results of change should be accordingly incorporated in the site’s PIV risk assessment
document.
20. Annexures: