ACTIVITY 03

ANALYTIC ION
REACTIONS
GROUP 3
CASTRONUEV0, CHEUNG, DEMERIN,
DIEGO, DIEGO, DOMINGO
OBJECTIVES
1. Perform analytic reactions of cations and anions
from known test solutions.

2. Determine reaction results of performed analytic

ion reactions.
What is Analytic Ion Reactions?

The ionic reaction is generally the reaction of ions that are

anions and cations to form a compound in a medium in which
they are dissolved.
When ions of water-soluble salts interact with each other in
aqueous medium results in the formation of water-insoluble
salts
 PROCEDURES
COMBINE 1 ML OF SOLUTION 1 IN FOR PRECIPITATION
01 COLUMN A WITH 1 ML OF SOLUTION 2 IN
COLUMN B.
05 REACTIONS, SEPARATE,
WEIGH, AND DRY

02 RECORD OBSERVABLE
RESULTS 06 DETERMINE FOR
PERCENTAGE YIELD

03 RECORD BALANCED
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS 07 SELECT TUBE WITH HIGHEST
PERCENT YIELD

04 DETERMINE THE
LIMITING REACTANT 08 PREPARE 1 ML DILUTION OF
SOLUTION 1 AND SOLUTION 2
 PROCEDURES

09 MIX 1 ML OF THE INDICATED DILUTIONS

10 SEPARATE, DRY AND WEIGH THE PRECIPITATE

11 RECORD AND ANALYZE THE RESULTS

01
REACTIONS
AND RESULTS
01 AgNO3(aq) + HCl (aq)
AgCl (s) + HNO3 (aq)
→ 02 Hg2 (NO3)2 (aq) + 2HCl (aq)
→ Hg2Cl2 (s) + 2HNO3 (aq)

presence of white No reaction observed.

precipitate
layers:
upper layer: some of
the precipitate
middle layer: white,
turbid liquid
lower layer: most of
the precipitate
03 Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + HCl (aq) → 04 CuSO4 (aq) + 4NH3 (aq) →
PbCl2 (s) + 2HNO3 (aq) [Cu (NH2)4] SO4 (aq)

presence of white presence of

precipitate effervescence and
precipitate
layers:
top layer: clear three layers:
liquid top layer: violet liquid
bottom layer: middle layer:
precipitate precipitate
bottom layer: blue
liquid
05 3FeSO4 (aq) + 2K3[Fe(CN)6]
(aq)→ Fe3[Fe(CN6)]2 (s) +
3K2SO4 (aq)
06
FeCl3 (aq) + 3NH4CNS
→
(aq) Fe(CNS)3 (s) +
3NH4Cl (s)

Three layers (at first): Red all throughout

yellow green the solution
dark green
green
Then, the solution
became uniformly
blue green all
throughout.
07 NH4Cl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → 08 K2CO3 (s)+ 2HC (aq)l →
NH3+ H2O + NaCl (aq) 2KCl (s) + CO2 + H2O

Minimal reaction

Oil-like consistency Presence of

of solution after effervescence
mixing
09 →
K2CO3 (aq) + BaCl2 (aq)
2KCl (s) + BaCO3 (s) 10 6NaCl (aq) + 3BaCl2 (aq)
→3Na2Ba (aq) + 4Cl3 (aq)

presence of
precipitate no reaction

two layers:
top layer: turbid
liquid
bottom layer:
precipitate
 2NaNO3 (aq) + 6FeSO4 (s) +
11 →
4H2SO4 (aq) 3Fe2(SO4)3
(s) + Na2SO4 (s)+ 2NO (g) +
4H2O(l)

presence of
effervescence
two layers:
top layer: yellow liquid
bottom layer: clear
liquid
solution turned warm
02
THEORETICAL YIELD
AND PERCENT YIELD
Steps in obtaining the Theoretical Yield

Step 1: Balance the chemical equation.

Step 2: Identify the limiting reactant.
Step 3: Convert grams of limiting reactants
to moles.
Step 4: Mole ratio of reactant and product.
Step 5: Convert mole to grams.
Method A:

AgNO3(aq) + HCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + HNO3 (aq)

Method B:

AgNO3(aq) + HCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + HNO3 (aq)

THEORETICAL YIELDS OF ALL PRODUCTS
Test
Tube Balanced Chemical Equation Theoretical Yield of Products
Number

1 AgNO3(aq) + HCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + HNO3 (aq) 0.14 g AgCl

0.06 g HNO3

2 Hg2 (NO3)2 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) → Hg2Cl2 (s) + 2HNO3 (aq) 0.24 g Hg2 Cl2
0.13 g HNO3

3 Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + HCl (aq) → PbCl2 (s) + 2HNO3 (aq) 0.14 g PbCl2
0.13 g HNO3

4 CuSO4 (aq) + 4NH3 (aq) → [Cu (NH2)4] SO4 (aq) 0.06 g [Cu (NH2)4] SO4

5
3K2SO4 (aq)
→
3FeSO4 (aq) + 2K3[Fe(CN)6] (aq) Fe3[Fe(CN6)]2 (s) + 0.197 g Fe3[Fe(CN6)]2
0.0580 g K2SO4
Test Tube Theoretical Yield of
Number Balance Chemical Equation Products

6 FeCl3 (aq) + 3NH4CNS (aq) → Fe(CNS)3 (s) + 3NH4Cl (s) 0.077 g Fe(CNS)3
0.053 g NH4Cl

7 NH4Cl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NH3+ H2O + NaCl (aq) 0.17 g NH3
0.18 g H2O
0.058 g NaCl

8 K2CO3 (s)+ 2HC (aq)l → 2KCl (s) + H2CO3 0.075 g KCl

9 K2CO3 (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) → 2KCl (s) + BaCO3 (s) 0.20 g BaCO3
0.15 g KCl

10 6NaCl (aq) + 3BaCl2 (aq) →3Na2Ba (aq) + 4Cl3 (aq) 0.09 g Na2Ba
0.05 g Cl3
Test Tube Theoretical Yield of
Balanced Chemical Equation
Number Products

11
→
2NaNO3 (aq) + 6FeSO4 (s) + 4H2SO4 (aq) 3Fe2(SO4)3 (s) +
Na2SO4 (s)+ 2NO (g) + 4H2O(l)
0.20 g Fe (SO4)
 Percent Yield
Test Tube % yield = actual
Balance Chemical Equation Theoretical Yield Actual Yield
Number yield/theoretical yield
x100

1 AgNO3 + HCl → AgCl + HNO3 0.14 g AgCl 0.11 g AgCl 78.57%

3 Pb(NO3)2 + HCl → PbCl2 + 2HNO3 0.14 g PbCl2 0.09 g PbCl2 64.28%

4 CuSO4 + 4NH3 → Cu(NH3)4 + SO4 0.06 g [Cu (NH2)4] SO4 0.05 g [Cu (NH2)4] SO4 83.33%

5
3FeSO4 + 2K3[Fe(CN)6] → 0.197 g Fe3[Fe(CN6)]2 0.105 g Fe3[Fe(CN6)]2 53.30%
Fe3[Fe(CN6)]2 + 3K2SO4

9 K2CO3 + BaCl2 → 2KCl + BaCO3 0.20 g BaCO3 0.06 g BaCO3 30%

03
DILUTION OF
SOLUTIONS
DILUTION OF TUBE 4
STEP 1
Prepare 4 tubes each containing 5 ml of stock solution with
different molarity of each solution of tube 9. 0.25 M. 0.50
M. 0.75 M and 1.00 M ofsolution 1 (CUSO4) and solution 2
(NH3).
STEP 2
Mix 1 ml of the indicated dilutions in table 2 in separate
tubes, allow the reaction to reach completion.
STEP 3
Carefully separate the precipitates, dry, then weigh. Record
the results.
04
DILUTION
RESULTS
 COMPUTATION OF
SOLUTIONS

Mass of Precipitates
minus
Mass of Filter Paper
 SOLUTION 2
SOLUTIONS
0.25 M 0.50 M 0.75 M 1.00 M

0.25 M 0.14 g 0.0484 g 0.066 g 0.1243 g

0.50 M 0.15 g 0.0586 g 0.1092 g 0.113 g

SOLUTION 1
0.75 M 0.1 g 0.0355 g 0.0292 g 0.1337 g

1.00 M 0.08 g 0.1521 g 0.3171 g 0.0674 g

 CONCLUSIONS
In lab settings, the dilution procedure is crucial since
stock solutions or reagents are frequently bought in
extremely concentrated quantities. The majority of
laboratory tests can't be performed using highly
concentrated reagents, hence dilution is necessary to
taper the concentration into a lower known one.
 REALIZATIONS
One of the most effective methods for evaluating ionic
reactions and figuring out the concentration of the
solution is accurate dilution. Diluting solutions is a
necessary procedure in the laboratory since stock
solutions are regularly purchased and stored in
extremely concentrated proportions.
THANK YOU!