Introduction

• To the managers, Management Information System is an implementation of the organizational systems and procedures. To a programmer it is
nothing but file structures and file processing. However, it involves much more complexity.
• The three components of MIS provide a more complete and focused definition, where System suggests integration and holistic view,
Information stands for processed data, and Management is the ultimate user, the decision makers.
• CONCEPTS: The word 'MIS' comprises of three basic elements such as:
a) Management
b) Information
c) System
• Management information system can thus be analyzed as follows:
1. Management: Management covers the planning, control, and administration of the operations of a concern. The top management handles
planning; the middle management concentrates on controlling; and the lower management is concerned with actual administration.
2. Information: Information, in MIS, means the processed data that helps the management in planning, controlling and operations. Data means all
the facts arising out of the operations of the concern. Data is processed i.e. recorded, summarized, compared and finally presented to the
management in the form of MIS report.
3. System: Data is processed into information with the help of a system. A system is made up of inputs, processing, output and feedback or
control. Thus MIS means a system for processing data in order to give proper information to the management for performing its functions.
 Meaning of MIS
• MIS is the use of information technology, people, and business processes to record, store and process data to
produce information that decision makers can use to make day to day decisions. MIS is the acronym for
Management Information Systems. In a nutshell, MIS is a collection of systems, hardware, procedures and
people that all work together to process, store, and produce information that is useful to the organization.

• The word 'MIS' is not new, Only its automation is new earlier the MIS management information system was
used as a resources of information by the managers. this information would allow them to plan and control
different operation used in organisation .now, since the MIS is computerized ,it has increased its accuracy and
speed which has allowed more alternatives which solving problem as well as decision making.
 Definition
• Management Information System or 'MIS' is a planned system of collecting, storing, and disseminating data in the
form of information needed to carry out the functions of management.

• The MIS has been understood and described in a number of ways. It is also referred to as:

a) Information system

b) Information and decision system

c) Computer based information system

MIS can be defined in a number of ways:

1. The MIS is defined as a system which provides information support for decision making in the organisation.

2. MIS is an integrated system of men and machines for providing the information to support the operations, the
management and decision making functions in the organization.

3. MIS is defined as a system based on the database to the Organisation evolved for the purpose of providing
information to the people in the Organisation
 Objectives of MIS
• The goals of an MIS are to implement the organizational structure and dynamics of the enterprise for the purpose of
managing the organization in a better way and capturing the potential of the information system for competitive advantage.
• Following are the basic objectives of an MIS −
• Capturing Data − Capturing contextual data, or operational information that will contribute in decision making from
various internal and external sources of organization.
• Processing Data − The captured data is processed into information needed for planning, organizing, coordinating, directing
and controlling functionalities at strategic, tactical and operational level. Processing data means:
❖ making calculations with the data
❖ sorting data
❖ classifying data and
❖ summarizing data
• Information Storage − Information or processed data need to be stored for future use.
• Information Retrieval − The system should be able to retrieve this information from the storage as and when required by
various users.
• Information Propagation − Information or the finished product of the MIS should be circulated to its users periodically
using the organizational network.
 Purpose of Management Information System
• 1) Data Capturing : MIS gathers information from various internal and external either manually or electronically
with the use of computer terminals.

• 2) Processing of Data : The collected data goes through a number of process like calculation , sorting,
classification and summary for its conversion information.

• 3) Storage of information : The processed or the unprocessed data stored in the MIS for future use by saving it
as an organisation record. The data may also be used immediately.

• 4) Retrieval Of Information : As per the request of different uses, retrieval of information is done by MIS from
its stores.

• 5) Dissemination of information: Information is the final product of MIS which is equally accessible by all users
in the organisation. It may be periodic or online with the use of computer terminal.
 Need of Management Information System

• An organisation must have a very clear version about requirements such as type of information required, type of data
available , type of stakeholders etc, at different levels of Management. An Organisation established and MIS for the
following reasons:

• Efficiently storing and managing data of all business functional areas.

• Fast and accurate delivery of information, as and when needed.

• Processing of gathered data and developing information from it.

• Information availability for production and inventory.

• Providing information about current economic status of company.

• Faster implementation of results available from reliable data sources.

• Smooth flow of data within various levels of organisation.

• Make availability of information required for planning organizing and monitoring business process.
Contemporary Approaches to MIS
There are several major
contemporary approaches to
psychology (behavioral,
cognitive, psychodynamic,
evolutionary, biological,
humanistic,
sociocultural/contextual).

Operational research
Information as a strategic resource in MIS
Information as a strategic resource in MIS
Use of information for competitive
advantage
…………………..continue
MIS as an instrument for the
organizational change
IT- Characteristics and Emerging Trends
IT- Capabilities and their organizational impact
IT Capability (information technology capability) refers to an organization’s ability to identify IT to meet
business needs, to deploy IT to improve business processes in a cost-effective manner and to provide
long-term maintenance and support for IT-based systems. It is the ability to leverage different IT resources
for intangible benefits.
Information Technology (IT) Capability is an organization’s ability, by virtue of its IT assets and know-how,
to create Business Value.
This capability can be, and is usually, attributed to the IT function within an organization. More
appropriately, it should be attributed to the organization as a whole because no function within an
organization is an island. Each gain from the other and, in turn, enriches them. This value “bleed” from one
function to another cannot be quantified meaningfully. However, it exists. It can be positive or negative.
When the organization plays as a team, i.e., the functions collaborate, positive value passes between
functions. In this case, the organization’s capability is greater than the sum of its parts. The functions are
better off together. Conversely, when the organization does not play as a team, i.e., is dysfunctional, the
value bleed is negative. In this case, the organization’s capability is less than the sum of its parts. It follows
that the functions are better off not being with each other! The net of this phenomenon is that no function
within an organization would create the same value within another organization. For example, suppose an
IT organization is moved from one company to another. In that case, it will deliver more or less but never
the same value as it was created in the original company. This is true of any team. You may have noticed
 The three major categories of IT capabilities are:
• TECHNICAL SKILLS
• MANAGEMENT SKILLS
• RELATIONSHIP SKILLS

An IT capability is an organized collection of specific people, process, information, technology and other
resources which together function to realize an IT ability to satisfy the need for
•software applications and programs
•procured services from external providers
•databases and other infrastructure
•information utilization of the use of information and automated processes,
•telecommunications products and services
•IT management of the IT capabilities in order to accomplish the goal of serving the enterprise mission and
sustaining the existence of the enterprise system
IT capabilities are standard capabilities realized in a systematic ability by the IT capability system.
IT capability is interconnected with and interdependent on enterprise capability, business
capability, process capability, information capability, system offering and service offering.