BASKETBALL

HISTORY
 It was all started by Dr. James Naismith, the son of two Scottish immigrants to
Canada. The game was invented or first played December 21, 1891 Springfield
College, Springfield Massachusetts.
 Dr. Naismith was teaching physical education in Springfield, MA at the YMCA
International Training School (which today is Springfield College). While there,
he was asked by the director of physical education, Dr. Luther Gulick, to come
up with a new game students could play indoors during the winter that would
help keep track and field runners in shape and would be relatively safe to play.
 The first basket was peach basket.
 The original peach baskets did not have their bottoms, so whenever someone
would get the soccer ball in the basket, the game would be temporarily paused
while someone climbed a ladder to retrieve the ball. This obviously soon
became annoying, so a hole was put in the bottom of the basket. Bizarrely,
when they put this hole in the basket, they did not initially think to knock out the
entire bottom and instead still had to use a long wooden dowel to poke the
soccer ball out of the basket, which was at least less annoying than needing to
climb a ladder.
 The first ball used was soccer football, because it has the ability to bounce.
 The height of the basket were determined by balcony height.
 The first team had nine players, three forwards, three centers and three guards.
 Later it became optional to reduce five, and finally five was selected as best
number.
 As late 1950, a total of 16 foreign nations had hired Americans to teach the
game abroad, conduct sports clinics.
 Basketball was first used in Olympic Games in 1936 in Berlin where United
States toyed with all oppositions
.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

PLAYING AREA
Length- 28 meters; Width- 15 meters
EQUIPMENT
-Backstops units, consisting of:
 Backboards- Spectators interfered with the shots
 Basket comprising rings and nets
 Backboard support structures including padding
-Ball
 30 inches in circumference, 22 ounces weight for men.
 29 inches in circumference, 20 ounces weight for women.
-Game clock
-Scoreboard
-Twenty-four second device
-Stopwatch for timing outs
-Two separate, distinctly loud signals
-Score sheet
-Player foul makers
-Team foul makers
-Alternating Possession arrow
BASIC SKILLS

1. PASSING- An act of throwing a ball to a teammate.

TYPES OF PASSES
Chest Pass- The fingers are rotated behind the ball and the thumbs are turned
down. The resulting follow through has the back of the hands
facing one another with the thumbs straight down.
Overhead Pass- Bring the ball directly above your forehead with both hands on
the side of the ball and follow through.
Bounce Pass- is thrown with the same motion however it is aimed at the floor.
Baseball Pass- is a one-handed pass that uses the same motion as a baseball
throw.

2. CATCHING- An act of receiving a ball from a successful pass.

3. DRIBBLING- It is used to advance the ball, break for a basket, or maneuver out
of a difficult situation.
4. SHOOTING- An act of putting the ball into the basket. A shot beyond 3 point field
goal counts 3 points and within counts 2 points.
TYPES OF SHOOTING

Lay-up- from very close range after dribbling to the basket, or taking a pass near
the hoop.
Jump shot- frequently for mid- to long-range shots, including three-point
attempts, although you can use it from short range to gain separation from
a defender. Release the ball at the peak of your jump.
Hook shot- shots can be made while the shooter is facing the net or at a
sideways angle.
Free throw shot- is way for teams to score a points after a foul is called on the
opposing team.

RULES OF THE GAME

 The game of basketball is played by 2 teams of 5 players on a court.
 The object of each team is to score by putting a ball into the opponent's basket
and to prevent the other team from scoring in yours.
 The ball can be advanced only by passing with the hands or by dribbling the ball
on the floor.
 The Game: To start the game, an official tosses the ball up (Jump Ball) between
two opponents who stand in the smaller circle.
 All other players may take any position they wish, outside the larger center circle.
 The two opposition players jump to tap the ball to a teammate, then each team
tries to advance the ball toward the opponent’s goal to score by shooting it
through their goal.
 A high school game consists of four 8 minute quarters.
  Scoring: A successful goal from the field is worth 2 points. 1 point is awarded for
a successful free throw. 3 points are awarded from the 3-point line. After a score,
the ball is put back into play at the end of the court by the non scoring team.
 Substitutions: may be made if the ball is not in play, when violation occurs and no
limit.
 Violations: A violation is a minor infraction of the rules, and the penalty is that the
ball is given to the opponents outside the sideline, opposite the spot where the
infraction occurred.
 Violations occur for:
 Traveling – taking more than one step while in possession of the ball.
 Doubling Dribbling – dribbling the ball, stopping, then dribbling again; or dribbling
with two hands instead of one.
 Out-of-Bounds – causing the ball to go out-of-bounds by stepping on or over the
boundary line while in possession, or passing or knocking the ball out.
 3 Seconds in the Key – offensive player staying in the offensive key for 3
seconds or more while that team has possession of the ball.
 Players foul out on the 5th foul (personal and technical).
 Flagrant Foul is 2 shot and possession of the ball at center court.
 Two technical fouls on a player or coaches will be an automatic ejection from the
game.
 Penalty (bonus) is 2 shots on the 8th team foul per half.

DURATION OF THE GAME

 The playing time is divided into 8 minute quarters for grades 8,9 & 10 and 10
minute quarters for seniors.
 There is a five minute break at half-time and a one minute break between each
quarter.
THREE SECOND RULE
 Offensive players may not remain in their “key” area for more than 3 seconds
without someone taking a shot.
FIVE, TEN, and 30 SECOND VIOLATIONS
 The offensive team is allowed only five seconds to throw the ball in from the
sideline and any one offensive player is allowed only five seconds to hold on to
the ball at a time.
 The offensive team is allowed only 10 seconds to advance the ball over the
center line.
 The offensive team must attempt a shot within thirty seconds of gaining
possession of the ball.
TECHNICAL FOULS
 A foul that is committed by either a coach of any team member on the court or off
the court. An example of a technical foul is the harassing of one of the officials or
any other unsportsmanlike conduct.
 A technical foul results in one FREE THROW taken from the foul line by any
member of the team not committing the foul ONCE A PLAYER ACCUMULATS 5
PERSONAL FOULD THEY ARE ELIMINATED FROMTHE GAME.
FREE THROWS
 When a player is fouled in the act of shooting they are awarded free throw shots.
If they sink the basket and are fouled they receive 1 extra shot. If they miss the
basket during their shot then they receive 2 extra shots. If they are fouled during
a 3 point shot then they receive 3 extra shots.
 Players have 10 seconds to release the ball once they receive it from the official.
 Players cannot enter the box until the ball has made contact with the rim.

POSITIONS
 Although players are allowed to play in any position, the most common positions
of the five players on a team are:
 point guard (best ball handler),
 shooting guard (best outside shooter),
 small forward (versatile inside and outside player),
 power forward (strong rebounding forward), and
 center (inside scorer, rebounder, and shot blocker).
DEFENSIVE SYSTEMS
Man-to-Man
 Each of the five defensive players guards one of the five offensive players.
 Even if switching is used, each player is responsible for one offensive player at a
time.
Zone
 Each defender is responsible for guarding a certain area, or zone, instead of
guarding a specific offensive player.
 The goal is to double-team the player with the ball.
 When an offensive player with the ball enters a zone between two defenders,
those two defenders attack the dribbler while the other 3 defenders guard their
areas.
Defensive Formation 2-1-2 Zone
 Two defenders are positioned above the foul line, one is in the lane and the other
two are low on either side of the basket.
Defensive Formation 2-3 Zone
 Two defenders spread out from another above the foul line and the other three
players are spread across the bottom half of the lane.
Defensive Formation 1-3-1 Zone
 One defender is positioned out front, three are across the foul line extended and
the fifth is down under the basket.
 The player out front tries to force the dribbler right or left. As that player drives,
another defender comes up for the double-team.
LEGEND: PF = POWER FORWARD SF = SMALL FORWARD C = CENTER
SG = SHOOTING GUARD PG = POINT GUARD

KEY TERMS
Boxing out:
 The players attempt to position his body between his opponents and the basket
to get rebounds and prevent the opponents from doing so.
Fake:
 A deceptive move to throw a defender off balance and allow an offensive player
to shoot or receive a pass; players use their eyes, head or any other part of the
body to trick an opponent.
Rebound:
 When a player grabs a ball that is coming off the rim or backboard after a shot
attempt; see offensive rebound and defensive rebound.
 When a player acquire the ball after a missed shot.
Screen or screener:
 The offensive player who stands between a teammate and a defender to gives
his teammate the chance to take an open shot.
5 seconds
 The offensive player who are given 5 seconds to pass the ball to a teammate
after inbound.
10 seconds
 The offensive player who are given 10 seconds to advance the ball in mid court
line.
HAND SIGNALS OF REFEREE