Colegio de Montalban

Kasiglahan village San Jose, Rodriguez, Rizal

PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

P. E. 4
(TEAM SPORTS AND RECREATION)

Objectives:

1. Recall the historical background of the different team sports.

2. Identify the facilities and equipment use in the sport.
3. Mechanical analysis of the basic skills and rules.

PART I – CONTENT UPDATE

TEAM SPORTS

BASKETBALL

A. HISTORY
1. Basketball came to existence through the ingenuity of Dr. James Naismith.
2. It was first played in 1891 at Springfield, Massachusetts, YMCA.
3. The first ball used was a soccer football, because of its ability to bounce uniformly.
4. The first basket was the peach baskets suspended from the traditional running track of so many gymnasiums
built in that period.
5. Heights of the baskets were determined by the running track or balcony height.
6. The first team had nine players, three forwards, three centers, and three guards.
7. Later it became optional to reduce five, and finally five was selected as the best number
8. As late as 1950, a total of 16 foreign nations had hired American to teach the game abroad, conduct clinics,
and act as consultants in schools and cities.
9. Basketball was first used in Olympic Games in 1936 in Berlin where the United States toyed with all
oppositions.

B. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

1. Playing Court – Length – 28 meters; Width 15 meters

- Boundary line
- Center line, center circle and semi – circles
- Free throw lines, restricted areas and free – throw rebound places
- Three point field goal area
- Team bench areas

2. Equipment
 Backstop units, consisting of:
 Backboards
 Baskets comprising rings and nets
 Backboard support structures including padding
 Basketballs
 Game clock
 Scoreboard
 Twenty – four second device
 Stopwatch or suitable device (not the game clock) for timing time - outs
 Two separate, distinctly different loud signals
 Score sheet
 Player foul markers
 Team foul markers
 Alternating possession arrow
C. MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BASIC SKILLS

1.PASSING– Regardless of which pass is used, center factors are common to all passes.
a. For firm control, hold the ball with the thumb and finger pads and not with the palms of the hands.
b. Passer step forward in the direction of the receiver. Passes should be made with a quick arm extension
and snap of the wrists, with thumbs and fingers providing momentum.
c. After the pass is released, the palms should be facing the floor.
d. Avoid telegraphing the direction of the pass. Learn to use peripheral vision and keep eyes moving from
place to place to develop an awareness of the teammate’s positions.
e. Anticipates the spot toward which a teammate will be moving to receive the pass.

TYPES OF PASS
Chess pass – Hold the ball with both hands, elbows close to the body, fingers spread with thumbs
pointed inward. Step towards the receiver and whip the ball with a strong wrist snap and push off
thumbs and fingers making the arms follow – through in the direction of the pass.
Bounce pass – hold the ball lower about waist high. Push the ball out and down with enough force and
at such angle that the ball bounces to the teammates.
Overhead pass – bring the ball well above and slightly behind the head with both hands and released it
with strong wrist snap and extension of the arms follow – through.
Baseball pass – Shift the ball in front of the waist to the throwing hand, turn the opposite side of the
body in the direction of the pass and whip the ball back.

2. CATCHING – Receiving the ball is a most important fundamental skill. Many turn over involve failure to handle a
passproperly.
a. Move toward the pass with fingers spread and relaxed, reaching for the ball with elbows bent and wrists
relaxed.
b. Hands “give” as the ball come in.

3. DRIBBLING – It is used to advance the ball, break for a basket or maneuver out of a difficult situation.
a. The knees and the trunk is slightly flexed, hands and eyes forward. Peripheral vision is
important. Do not look beyond the ball and see it in the lower part of the visual area.
b. The ball is propelled by the fingertips with the hand cupped and relaxed. There is a little arm
motion. Push rather than slaps the ball.
c. The dribbling hand should be alternately.
4. SHOOTING – the primarily objective of the game is to score goals
a. Both the toes and the shoulders face the basket. The weight is evenly distributed on both feet.
The ball is held between the shoulder and the eye level.
b. A comfortable grip, with fingers well spread and the ball resting on the pack of the fingers
essential. One should be able to see daylight between the palm of the hand and the ball.
c. The eyes is fixed on the target (the rim or the backboard) for the rest of the shot. As the shot
starts, the wrist is cocked.
d. The follow – through imparts a slight backspin to the ball. The arms are fully extended, the wrist
is completely flexed, and the hand drops down towards the floor. The arch should be 45 degrees
or a little higher.

TYPES OF SHOT
Jump Shot – execute a controlled jump, at the same time brings the ball overhead with the shooting
hand behind and the elbows of the shooting arms under the ball and the other hand in front. At the
peak of the leap, remove the balance hand and release the ball with the extension of the right forearm
and good wrist extension.
Lay - up – Stop dribbling when the right foot is on the floor, step with the left foot, bring up the right
knee and jump off the left foot leap high into the air, shifting the ball to the shooting hand and raise the
shooting hand as high as possible above and in front of the head. Release the ball off the finger tips,
laying is softly against the backboard.

5. PIVOTING - it is a maneuver that protect the ball by keeping the body between the ball and the defensive player.
a. The ball is held firmly in both hands, with elbows out to protect it.
b. One foot, the pivot foot, must always be in contact with the floor. Turning on that foot is
permitted, but it must not be dragged away from the pivot spot. The lead foot may, however,
step in any direction.
 BASIC RULES
1. The game consists 4 periods of 10 minutes and interval of 2 minutes between the first and second
period, between the third and fourth period and before each extra period. Half time period is 15
minutes.
2. Score tied at the end of playing time for the fourth period, the game is continued with an extra period of
five minutes or with as many such periods of five minutes as are necessary to break the tie.
3. During a penalty, the ball is awarded to the opponents for a throw – in at the place of the original throw
– in.
4. Each charged time out lasts one minute. One charged time out is granted to each team during each of
the first three periods. Two during the fourth and one during each extra period. Unused time outs may
not be carried over the next period or extra period.
5. Three – second Rule – a player is not allowed to remain in the opponent’s restricted area for more than
three seconds.
6. Five – second Rule–a player who is holding a live ball on the court is closely guarded when an opponent
is in active guarding position at a distance of no more than one meter. A closely guarded player, must
pass, shoot, or dribble the ball with in five seconds.
7. Eight – second Rule – the team must within eight seconds cause the ball to go into the front court.
8. 24 –second Rule – a shot for a field goal within 24 seconds.
9. Personal fouls – it involves illegal contacts with an opposing player whether the ball is live or dead.
 Blocking impedes the progress of an opposing player with or without the ball.
 Charging is pushing or moving in to an opposing player torso, with or without the ball.
 Illegal guarding from the rear is personal contact with an opposing player by a defensive player
from behind.
 Holding is personal contact with an opposing player that interferes with his freedomof
movement.
 Illegal screening is an illegal attempt to delay or prevent an opposing player who does not
control the ball from reaching a desired position on the playing court.
 Illegal use of hand occurs when a defensive player is in a guarding situation and the hand is
placed upon and remains in contact with an opposing player with or without the ball to impede
his progress.
 Pushing is personal contact with any part of the body which takes place when a player forcibly
moves or attempts to move an opposing player who has or does not have control of the ball.
10. Travelling – a player who is holding a live ball on the court steps once or more than once in any direction
with same foot, while the pivot foot is kept in contact with the floor.
11. Ball retuned to the backcourt – a player who is in control of a live ball in his front court may not cause
the ball to be returned to his backcourt.
12. Interference – with the ball occurs during a shot for a field goal when; a defensive player touches the
ball or the basket, while the ball is in the basket; a player reaches through the basket from below and
touches the ball.
13. Disqualifying foul – any flagrantly unsportsmanlike behavior by a player, substitute, coach and assistant
coach or team’s followers.

VOLLEYBALL

A. HISTORY

 William G. Morgan of Holyoke City, Massachusetts created a game called “Mintonette” in 1895
 Dr. Alfred F. Halstead renamed it to VOLLEYBALL
 Elwood S. Brown introduced it in the Philippines in 1910
 It was first played as demonstration sport in the 1964 Tokyo, Olympics.

B. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

1. Playing Area – it includes the playing court and the free zone. It shall be rectangular and symmetrical.
- The playing court is a rectangle measuring 18 m. X 9 m., surrounded by a free zone which is a
minimum of 3 m. wide on all sides.
- The free playing space is the space above the playing area which is free from any obstructions. The
free playing space shall measure a minimum of 7 m. in height from the playing surface.

Lines on the Court

Boundary lines
Center line
Attack line
 Zones and Areas
Front Zone
Service Zone
Substitution Zone
Libero Replacement Zone
Warm – up Area
Penalty Area

2. Net
- The net is placed vertically over the center line whose top is set at the height of 2.43 m. for men and
2.24 m. for women.
- It is 1 m. wide and 9.50 m. to 10 m. long, made of 10 cm. square black mesh
- Two side bands are fastened vertically to the net and placed directly above each sideline.
- An Antennae is a flexible rod 1.80 m. long and 10 mm. in diameter. It is fastened at the outer edge
of each sideband.
3. Posts
- The posts supporting the net are placed at a distance 0.50 m. – 1.00 m. outside the sidelines. There
are 2.55 m. high and preferably adjustable.
- The posts are rounded and smooth, fixed to the ground without wires.
4. Balls
- The ball shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather or synthetic leather case with a bladder inside
made of rubber or similar material.
- Its color maybe a uniform light color, or a combination of color.
- Its circumference is 65 cm. – 67 cm. and its weight is 260 g. – 280 g.

C. MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BASIC SKILLS

1. SERVING

Underhand Serve
- The server stands facing the net with the left foot slightly forward and the weight on the right foot.
- The ball is held in the left hand with the left arm across and a little in front of the body.
- The ball is lined up with a straight forward swing of the right hand. The left – hand fingers are
spread, and the ball rest on the pads of these fingers.
- On the serving motion, the server steps forward with the left foot, transferring the weight to the
front foot and at the same time brings the right arm back in preparatory motion.
- The right hand now swings forward and contacts just below the center. The ball can be hit with an
open hand or with the fist (facing forward or sideward).
- An effective follow – through with the arm ensures a smooth serve.
-
Overhand Serve
- The server stand with the left foot in front and the left side of the body turned somewhat toward
the net. The weight I on both feet.
- The ball is held in the left hand directly in front of the face. The ball must be tossed straight up and
should come down in front of the right shoulder.
- As the ball is tossed, the weight shift to the back foot. The height of the toss is a matter of choice,
but from 3 to 5 feet is suggested.
- As the ball drops, the striking arm comes forward, contacting the ball a foot or so above the
shoulder. The weight is shifted to the forward foot, which can take a short step forward. The contact
is made with the open palm or with fist. An effective serve is one that has no spin – a floater.
-
2. PASSING (or RETURNING)
3.
Forearm Pass (Underhand Pass)
- The body must be in good position to ensure a proper volley. The player must move rapidly to the
spot where the ball is descending to prepare for a pass.
- The trunk leans forward and the back is straight, with a 90 degree angle between the thigh and the
body. The body is bent, and the body is in partially crouched position, with the feet shoulder width
apart.
- The hands are clasped together, so that the forearm are parallel. The clasp should be relaxed, with
the type of handclasp a matter of choice. The wrists in either case are turned downward, and the
elbow joints are reasonably locked.
- The forearms are held at the proper angle to rebound the ball, with contact made with the fists or
forearms between the knees as the receiver crouches.
 Overhand Pass
- The passer moves underneath the ball and controls it with the fingertips. Feet should be in an easy,
comfortable position, with knees bent.
- The cup of the fingers is made so that the thumbs and forefingers are close together and the other
finger are spread. The hands are held forehead high, with elbows out and level with the floor.
- The passer contacts the ball at above eye level and propels it with the force of spread fingers, not
with the palm. At the moment of contact, the legs are straightened and the hands and arms follow –
through.
- If the ball is a pass to a teammate, it should be high enough to allow for control. If the pass is a
return to the other side, it can be projected forward with more force.

3. SPIKING
Approach – Take 3 – 4 steps near the side and attack lines with the last step taken with stronger leg.
Step –close Take – off – Transfer the momentum of the body into a vertical direction. Heels of both
contact the floor with the weight shifted forward to the toes during the last step.
Arm Movements – swing both arms forward and upward during the take – off. Extend left arm directly
upward above the shoulder and the right arm is bent into a throwing position. Left elbow leads the
swing, followed by an extension of the spiking arm. Contact ball with the heel of the open hand. To
impart a spin, snap wrist over the ball.

4. BLOCKING – jump into the air directly in front of the spike, with arms extended in an effort to block the
ball and at the same time to rebound it off the arms into the spiker’s court.

BASIC RULES
1. A set (except the deciding 5th set) is won by the team which first scores 25 points with a maximum lead
of two points. In the case of 24 – 24 ties, play is continued until a two point lead is achieved.
2. The team that wins three sets wins the match. In case of 2- 2 ties, the deciding set (the 5 th) is played to
15 points with a minimum lead of two points.
3. The first referee caries out a toss to decide upon the first service and decides of the court in the first set.
4. In blocking, a blocker may touch the ball beyond the net, provided that he/she does not interfere with
the opponents play before nor during the latter’s attack hit.
5. All actions, which direct the ball towards the opponents, with the exception of service and block are
considered attack hits.
6. Each team is entitled to request a maximum of two – time outs and six substitutions per set.
7. All time outs that are requested last for 30 seconds. For FIVB World and Official Competitions, in sets 1-
4, two additional 50 – seconds “Technical Time Outs” are apple automatically. When the leading team
reaches the 8thand 16th points. In the deciding set (5th) set, there are no TTO. Each team may request
only two time – outs of 30 seconds duration.
8. If an injured player cannot be substituted, legally or exceptionally, the player is given 3 – minute
recovery time, but not more than once for the same player in the match.
9. All intervals between sets last three minutes.
10. Each team has the right to designate among the list of 12 layers are specialized defensive player “
Libero”. He can be neither team captain nor game captain.
11. The “Libero” is allowed to replace any player in a back row position. She/he restricted to perform as a
back row player and is not allowed to complete an attack hit from anywhere (playing court and free
zone) if at the moment of the contact, the ball is entirely higher than the top of the net. She/he may not
serve, block or attempt to block.
12. A player may not complete an attack hit from higher than the top of the net, if the ball is coming from
overhead finger pass by a libero in his/her front zone. The ball may be freely attacked if the libero makes
the same action from behind the front zone.

SOFTBALL

A. HISTORY
- George Hancock of Chicago, Illinois, started the game softball in 1889 and Lewis Rober of
Minnesota in 1895.
- The game took different names at different times such as playground ball, kitten ball,
recreation ball, four old cats, and ladies ball.
- Walter Hakanson gave the official name of softball.
B. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

1. Playing Field – it is the area within which the ball may be legally played and fielded. It has a clear and
unobstructed area within the minimum radius of 220 ft. for junior and women fast pitch; or 250 ft. for junior
and men fast pitch.
 The One meter (3 ft.) line is drawn parallel to and 0.91 m. (3 ft.) from the baseline, starting at a point
halfway between home plate and first base.
 The Batter’s On – Deck circle is a 1.52 m. (5 ft.) circle 0.76 m. (2 ½ ft)radius placed adjacent to the
end of player’s bench or dugout area closest to the home plate.
 The Batter’s Box, one on each side of home plate, 3 ft. by 7 ft.
 The Catcher’s Box is 10 ft. in length from the rear outside corners of the batter’s boxes and 8’ 5”
wide.
 Each Coach’s Box is behind a line 15 ft. drawn outside the diamond. The line is parallel to and 12 ft.
from the first and third baselines, extended from bases toward home plate.
 The Home Plate is made of rubber. It is a five sided figure 17 inches in wide across the edge facing
the pitcher. The sides is parallel to the inside lines of the batter’s box and 8 ½ in long. The side of the
point facing the catcher is 12 in long.
 The Pitcher’s Plate is made of rubber 24 in long and 6 in wide.
a. The top of the plate shall be level with the ground.
b. The front line of the plate shall be the following distance from the outside corner of home plate.
1. Male Fast Pitch (Adult and Junior) – 14.02 m. (46 ft.).
2. Female Fast Pitch (Adult and Junior) – 13.11 m. (43 ft.)
 The Bases, other than home plate is 15 in square and shall be made of canvas or suitable material,
and not more than 5 inches in thickness. The bases should be securely fastened in position.
2.Bat is round and smooth and not more than 34 in long and 38 ounces in weight.
3. Ball is 12 ½ inches in circumference and 6 ¼ ounces in weight.
4. Gloves and Mitts – Any player may wear a glove, but only the catcher and first baseman may use mitts.
5. Shoes should be worn by all players
6. Body Protector Shin guard

C. MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BASIC SKILLS

1. Gripping the ball

a. The thumb is on one side, the index and middle fingers on top and the other fingers supporting
along the other side.
2. Throwing
Overhand Throw
a. Secure a firm grip on the ball, raise the throwing arm to shoulder height and bring the elbow
back.
b. The hand with the ball is then brought back over the head so it is well behind the shoulder at
about shoulder height.
c. The left side of the body is turned in the direction of the throw, and the left arm is raised in front
of the body.
d. The weight is on the back (right) foot, with the left foot advanced and the toe touching the
ground.
e. The arm comes forward with the elbow leading, and the ball is thrown with a downward snap of
the wrist.
f. The body weight is brought forward into the throw, shifting to the front foot.
g. There should be a good follow – through so the palm of the following hand faces the ground at
completion of the throw.
h. The eye should be on the target throughout, and the arm should be kept free and loose during
the throw.
Side Throw is much the same as the over hand throw, except that the entire motion is kept near a horizontal
plane. It is used for shorter, quicker throws and employs a whip like action.
a. Swing the arm out from shoulder and around parallel to the ground.
b. The throw curves more because a side – spinning action is usually parted to the ball on release.
c. There is generally somebody lean toward the side of the throwing arm.
Underhand Throw
a. The throwing hand and arm brought back, with palm facing forward, in a pendulum swing. The
elbow is bent slightly.
b. The weight is mostly on the back foot.
c. The arm comes forward, almost in a bowling motion, and the ball is tossed. The weight shift to
the front during the toss.
d. The flight of the ball should remain low and arrive at about waist height.
 3. Pitching
Slingshot Delivery
a. Grip the ball with index finger and middle finger on top of the ball with the ring finger to the side
and thumb underneath. Both feet must be in contact with pitcher’s plate, facing the batter, and
holding the ball momentarily in front with both hands.
b. The pitcher takes one hand from the ball, extends the right arm forward, and brings it back in
pendulum swing, positioning the ball well behind the body.
c. a normal stride taken toward the batter with the left foot begins the throwing sequence for a
right – handed pitcher.
d. The arm is brought forward with an underhanded slingshot motion, and the weight is
transferred to the leading foot.
e. Only one step is permitted. The follow – through motion is important.
Windmill Delivery is an alternate pitching motion in which the arm describes a full arc overhead, moving behind
the body and then forward toward the batter.
a. The arm goes into full extension on the downward swing in the back, gathering momentum as
the forward motion begins
b. The pitch is otherwise the same as normal motion.
4. Fielding
Fly Balls
a. For a low ball, the fielder keeps the fingers together and forms a basket with the hands.
b. For a higher ball, the thumbs are together, and the ball is caught in front of the chin.
c. The fielder should give with his/her hands, and care must be taken with a spinning ball to squeeze
the hands sufficiently to stop the spinning.
d. The eye is on the ball continually until it hits the glove or hands.
e. The knees are flexed slightly when receiving and aid in giving when the ball is caught.
Grounders
a. The fielder should move as quicker as possible into the path of the ball and then move forward and
play the ball on a good hop.
b. The eyes must be kept on the ball, following into the hands or glove.
c. the feet are spread, the seat is kept down and the hands are carried low and in front. The weight is
on the balls of the feet or on the toes, and the knees are bent to lower the body.
d. As the ball is caught the fielder straightens up, takes a step in the direction of the throw, and makes
the throw.
5. Batting
a. The batter stands with the left side of the body toward the pitcher. The feet are spread and the
weight is on both foot. The body should be facing the plate.
b. The bat is held with the trademark up, and the left hand grasps the bat lower than the right. The bat
is held over the right shoulder, pointing both back and up. The elbow is away from the body.
c. The swing begins with a hip roll and a short step forward in the direction of the pitcher. The bat is
then swung level with ground at the height of the pitch.
d. The eyes are kept on the ball until it is hit. After the hit, there must be a good follow – through.
6. Base Running
a. In running to first base, run in all out – sprint. Run through first base to the other side without
slowing.
b. In rounding bases, touch base with outside foot, do not break stride. Use banana approach turn
sharply and accelerate away from base.
c. In sliding, the slide begins 10 ft. from base. Hands and arms are extended in most of the slides.
BASIC RULES
1. The head coach is responsible in signing the line - up card. A team shall consist of 9 players. The DP is the 10 th
player.
2. The choice of the first and last bat in the inning shall be decided by a toss of coin.
3. A regulation game shall consist of seven innings.
4. The winner of the game shall be the team that scores more runs in a regulation game.
5. The batting order of each team must be on the score sheet and must be delivered before the game by the
manager or captain to the plate umpire.
6. The batter must take his position in the batter’s box within 10 seconds after the umpire has declared “Play Ball”.
7. The batter is out when the third strike is swung at and missed and the ball touches any part of the batter’s
person.
8. The batter becomes a batter – runner when he legally hits a fair ball. When the catcher fails to catch the third
strike before the ball touches the ground and;
a. there are less than 2 outs and first base is an occupied , and or
b. there are 2 outs
This is known as the third – strike rule.
9. The batter – runner is out, when the catcher drops the third strike and he is legally touched with the ball while
off base or thrown out prior to reaching first base.
REFERENCES

BAUZON, ORLANDO D. AND DE JESUS, VIRGINIA B (2000) TEAM SPORTS) SLA PUBLISHING HOUSE

BERTUCI, BOB AND PETERSON, JAMES (1992) VOLLEYBALL DRILLS BOOK PUBLISHED BY: MASTERS PRESS; A
DIVISION OF HOWARD VV SAMES AND COMPANY

FIVA OFFICIAL BASKETBALL RULES (2008)

HOWARD, ROBERT A. (1996) AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE FUNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES OF VOLLEYBALL

COPYRIGHT BY ALLYN AND BACON A. SIMON AND CHUSTER COMPANY NEEDSHAM HEIGHTS,
MASSACHUSSETTS

http//en. Wikepedia. org/wiki/Basketball rules and Regulations

MOOD, DALE et. AL (1991) SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR MEN AND WOMEN Mosby
Yearbook Inc.

OFFICIAL RULES OF SOFTBALL (2009)

OFFICIAL RULES OF VOLLEYBALL (2008)

Schmottlack, Neil and McMamama, Jerre (1997) PHYSICAL EDUCATION HANDBOOK, A Simon and Schuster
Company

Viera, Barbara L. and Ferguson, Bonnie Jill (1996) VOLLEYBALL DRILL BOOK Published by Masters Press A
Division of Howard W. Sames and Company

Prepared by:

Mr. Percival L. Cruz

P.E. Instructor
PART II – ANALYZING TEST ITEMS
Recall the historical background of different Team Sports.

1. Who created the game basketball?

a. Walter A. Hakanson c. Kareem Abdul Jabbar
b. James A. Naismith d. William G. Morgan

Identify facilities and equipment.

2. What equipment is worn by the catcher in softball for safety?

a. Mask and body protector c. Mask and Mitt
b. Glove and uniform d. Spike and mask

Recognize bio - mechanics and skills.

3. What is the position of the spiker’s hand at the beginning of the forward swing to hit the ball?
a. Over the spiker’s head
b. Over the spiker’s right shoulder
c. Out to the side of the spiker’s shoulder
d. Above and slightly behind the spiker’s haed

BASKETBALL

4. What was the original type of basket used for basketball?

a. peach basket c. sewing basket
b. fish basket d. trash basket

5. Which is used for timing periods of play and intervals between them?
a. 24 – second device c. game clock
b. stopwatch d. wristwatch

6. Which movement would be most efficient when shooting a lay – up from the right side of the basket?
a. Take off from the left foot, shoot with right hand
b. Take off from the right foot, shoot with right hand
c. Take off from the left foot, shoot with both hands
d. Stand on both feet, shoot with right hand

7. When should a player shoot when performing a jump shot?

a. jump and shoot at the same time
b. jump and shoot on the way down
c. jump, then shoot at the top of the jump
d. jump and shoot as soon as feet leaves he floor

8. What is the most significant factor to stress when executing a pass?

a. handling the ball with the finger
b. using a wrist snaps upon release
c. stepping into the pass
d. keeping the elbows in

9. What action should be evident in the follow – through of the chest pass?
a. the knees are bent
b. the wrist are fully flexed
c. the thumbs are pointing upward
d. the palm of the hands are facing downward

10. Where should a player’s eyes be focused when dribbling?

a. downward in order to control the ball
b. forward in order to pass to a teammates
c. forward in order to alternate hands quickly
d. downward in order to see the feet of defensive player
SOFTBALL

11. In what city did softball originate?

a. Springfield, Massachussetts c. Chicago, Illinois
b. Detroit, Michigan d. Cleveland, Ohio

12. What equipment is worn by the catcher for safety?

a. mask and mitt c. glove and uniform
b. cleats and mask d. mask and body protector

13. Which ball is fair ball?

a. settles in fair territory in the infield
b. roll outside third base into the outfield
c. touches fair territory and rolls foul in the infield
d. hits foul territory in the outfield and bounce fair

14. Which grip should be used if the batter wants to hit a long ball?
a. hands spread about 2 inches
b. hands together at the bottom of the bat
c. hands together about 1 inch from the bottom of the bat
d. hands together about 3 inches from the bottom of the bat

15. Which foot of a right – handed batter leads on the run toward first base and why?
a. left foot because it is free of body weight
b. left foot because it is closed to the first base
c. right foot because it is closest to first base
d. right foot because it is free on body weight

16. What technique is used to pitch an incurve?

a. rotate wrist upward
b. rotate wrist to the left
c. rotate wrist downward
d. rotate wrist to the right

17. What is the correct procedure for a right – handed person to use on an overhead throw?
a. face the target, step ahead on the left foot
b. face the target, step ahead on the right foot
c. left shoulder toward target, step ahead on the right foot
d. left shoulder toward target, step ahead on the left foot

VOLLEYBALL

18. William G. Morgan invented a game in 1895. What team sport is this?
a. Volleyball c. Softball
b. Basketball d. Soccer Football

19. What is the dimension of the volleyball playing court?

A.28 meters X 15 meters c. 18 meters X 9 meters
a. 225 ft. X 220 ft. d. 22 ft. X 40 ft.

20. What is the most important reason to hit the forearm pass?
a. to set the ball
b. to hit a ball at waist level or lower
c. to substitute for an overhand pass
d. to allow time for a players to get into position

21. A player is preparing to hit a forearm pass. How should the player’s feet be positioned?
a. in a side stride position, shoulder width apart
b. in a side stride position, more than shoulder width apart
c. in a front – back stride position, foot opposite intended direction of the pass slightly in front
d. in a front – back stride position, foot opposite intended direction of the pass slightly in back

22. The player is preparing to hit an overhand pass. How should the wrist be held?
a. hyper extended c. relaxed
 b. extended d. flexed

23. Which movements contribute to the power in hitting a spike?

a. upper body rotation, jump and approach
b. wrist and arm extension, approach and jump
c. wrist and arm extension, upper body rotation and jump
d. wrist and arm extension, upper body rotation and approach

24. What direction should a player face when preparing to jump to block a spike?
a. sideways to the net
b. squarely facing the net
c. facing the opposing team’s setter
d. facing the line of the spiker’s approach

25. What should a player do to increase the speed of an underhand serve?

a. contact the ball with the fist
b. hold the ball closer to the body
c. flatten the arc of the arm swing
d. increase the length of the backswing and follow through

PART III – ENHANCING TEST TAKING SKILLS

BASKETBALL

1. When does the timer stop the clock?

a. when the official gives the hand signal
b. when the scorers’ buzz alerts the official of a substitution
c. when the official’s whistle blows
d. when two opposing players collide attempting to get a loose ball

2. How many seconds may a defensive player stay in the lane?

a. 3 seconds c. 10 seconds
b. 5 seconds d. no time limit

3. If after a receiving a pass a player makes a two – step stop, what is he permitted to do?
a. pivot in any directions on the front foot
b. pivot in any directions on the back foot
c. pivot in any directions on either foot
d. pivot in any directions on both feet

4. A foul is committed against a player who is able to make the goal in spite of the fouls. Does the shot counts?
a. no, a free throw is awarded
b. no, a jump ball is called
c. yes, a free throw is awarded
d. yes, the other team takes the ball out of bounce

5. The offensive team plays a fast break, what is the best shot for the player close to the basket do?
a. lay – up shot c. jump shot
set shot d. fall away shot

6. A violation is committed by the defensive team and the ball is out of play. The ball situation is called.
a. jump ball c. time - out
b. dead ball d. delay of the game

7. Player A is cutting for the basket and runs into a player B who has established a guarding position. What is the
official’s decision?
a. blocking on a player A c. charging on a player B
b. blocking on a player B d. charging on a player B

8. An offensive player happened to return the ball to the back court and a violation occurs. What is the penalty for
the violation?
a. jump ball c. two free throw
b. one free throw d. opponent’s ball out – of – bounds
SOFTBALL

9. An inning is that portion of a game within which the teams alternate on offense and defense. For an official
game the minimum number of inning is
a. seven c. five
b. six d. four

10. For a pitch ball to be counted as a strike it must pass over the strike zone. Where is the batter’s strike zone?
a. between the shoulders and ankles and over the home plate
b. between the neck and the top of the knees and over the home plate
c. between the armpits and the top of the knees and over the home plate
d. between the waist and the top of the knees and over the home plate

11. A legally batted ball is said to be fair when it

a. settles in fair territory in the infield
b. touches fair territory and rolls foul in the infield
c. rolls outside third base into the outfield
d. hits foul territory in the outfield and bounces fair

12. A batter – runner successfully hit a fair ball and reaches first base. The next batter in the line – up hits a fly ball
and was caught by a fielder. When does the base runner advance to another base?
a. as soon as the ball is hit
b. as soon as the ball is caught
c. as soon as the ball leaves the pitcher’s hand
d. the base runner may not advance to another base on a fly ball

13. The bases are loaded and the on – deck batter interferes with the defensive player’s opportunity to make a play
on the runner. Who is called out?
a. the batter
b. the runner on first
c. the runner on second
d. the runner on third

14. Softball is played in innings and run is the unit in scoring. What determines the winner of a game?
a. the team that scores five run first
b. the team that makes the fewest errors
c. the team that has the most in a regulation game
d. the team that scores the most runs in a regulation game.

15. The outfielders support the basemen in fielding balls. Which base is usually not backed up by the pitcher?
a. first base c. third base
b. second base d. home

16. The bases are loaded with no outs. The batter swing and misses a third strike. How is the batter put out?
a. the catcher must hold the ballot put the batter out
b. the catcher must tag the batter to make the out
c. the catcher must throw to first to put the batter out
d. the batter is automatically out

VOLLEYBALL

17. What position in the serving order a player takes if he/she re – enters the game?
a. his/her original position c. the left front position
b. the serving position d. any position

18. A toss coin is performed by the first referee between the two team captains before the match. What choices
does the winner of the toss coin have?
a. first serve or team area in that game
b. first serve in the first or second game
c. first serve and team area in that game
d. first serve in the first and second game
 19. A hit is any contact with the ball by a player in play. When may a player hit the ball twice in a row?
a. never
b. when the first hit was an attempt block
c. when the hits are made with different body parts
d. when the first hit was a ball recovered from the net

20. A back row player on the serving team spikes the ball into the opponent’s court. The spike was behind the attack
line when jumping to make the spike. What was the decision?
a. legal play c. side - out
b. point d. replay

21. The service is the act of putting the ball in play. What is the most important aspect of the serve?
a. the placement of the ball c. the speed of the ball
b. the height of the ball d. the spin of the ball

22. A block attempt is the action of blocking without touching the ball. If two or more players attempt to block a
spike at the same time what is this called?
a. a team block c. a multiple block
b. an attack block d. a simultaneous block

23. The officiating officials cause the game to progress with as little interference as possible. Which of this directs
the match from the start until the end?
a. head official c. umpire
b. first referee d. head referee

24. A playing area does not have the required clearance above the court. A serve hits the ceiling. What is the ruling?
a. play continues c. second serve
b. reserve d. side – out

25. A player is permitted to penetrate into the opponent’s space under the net, provided that this does not interfere
with the opponent’s play. Which event is a center line violation?
a. stepping on the center line
b. touching the opponent’s playing area with the hands
c. stepping on the center line and opponent’s playing area
d. having one or both feet on or above the center line

Prepared by:

Mr. Percival L Cruz

P. E. Instructor