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PAUT of Welds To 2020 AWS D1.1

The document summarizes the key requirements for performing PAUT of structural steel welds according to the 2020 AWS D1.1 code, including required equipment such as a minimum 16 channel instrument, encoding capabilities, and probes. It also outlines personnel requirements, calibration procedures, examination and evaluation criteria. PAUT offers benefits over conventional UT like faster scans, permanent records, and 3D imaging of flaws.

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363 views5 pages

PAUT of Welds To 2020 AWS D1.1

The document summarizes the key requirements for performing PAUT of structural steel welds according to the 2020 AWS D1.1 code, including required equipment such as a minimum 16 channel instrument, encoding capabilities, and probes. It also outlines personnel requirements, calibration procedures, examination and evaluation criteria. PAUT offers benefits over conventional UT like faster scans, permanent records, and 3D imaging of flaws.

Uploaded by

Jackzan Charles
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PAUT of Welds to 2020 AWS D1.

 7th June 2023


 
 Will Haworth
Sonatest

As of 2020, per AWS D1.1, PAUT is now an acceptable testing


method for Structural Steel welds with a thickness between 3/16”
and 8”, using an encoded linear scan.

Conventional Ultrasonic Testing (UT) has been the go-to method


for volumetric testing of structural steel welds for decades. In 2015,
AWS included Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) as an
accepted testing method in the D1.5 Bridge Welding Code, and
then added it to the 2020 D1.1 Structural Welding Code – Steel.
:
PAUT offers many benefits over conventional UT and has become
one of the major testing methods in most other industries
including ASME piping and pressure vessels, API pipelines and
tank structures, and more. PAUT scans can be performed much
faster than convention UT scans because there is no rastering
involved. Because of the permanent record obtained with PAUT, the
weld does not need to be evaluated at the time of scanning, and this
data is available for future reference (similar to an X-Ray film). By
utilizing an S-Scan, and B or C-Scan, you can create a 3-
dimensional image of the flaw, rather than just an A-Scan view,
which can be used to better characterize and size a flaw, and is
much easier for non-UT professionals to understand. Each PAUT
report will include a “Scan Plan” comprised of all pertinent UT
setting and parameters, so each scan is highly repeatable.

We will focus on Annex H of the 2020 D1.1:

“H1. Introduction. This annex provides mandatory requirements that


shall apply when phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) is used. The
alternative techniques presented in this annex require written
procedures, advanced personnel training and qualification, and
calibration methods specific to PAUT.”

Equipment Requirements:

Annex H of the 2020 D1.1 requires the following equipment for


PAUT of welds:

Minimum 16 channel PAUT Instrument


A, B, C and S Scan Views
Encoding Capabilities
Minimum 16 element Probe, 1-6 MHz
Angled Wedge producing 40-70° Shear Waves
Both the Sonatest Veo3 or Prisma meet these criteria, as well as
:
several of our X2 or DAAH series probes and wedges:

X2A-001 – 5MHZ 16 Elements


X2B-001 – 5MHZ 32 Elements
X2B-005 – 2.25MHZ 32 Elements
X2B-006 – 5MHZ 64 Elements
D1A-001 - 2.25MHz 20 Elements
D1A-002 - 5MHz 32 Elements

The X2AW-N55S, X2BW-N60S, and D1AW-N57S wedges would


accompany these probes.

The AXYS Encoder meets the requirements to encode a line scan.


Many other scanners can be provided for plate or pipe welds.

Personnel Requirements:

Current Level II UT inspectors only need 320 work time experience


hours in PAUT, and to pass a practical exam on 2 flawed samples.

Calibration:

Calibration Blocks such as the IIW Type 2 and/or NavShips block


can be used for verifying and calibrating the setup. The AWS
Supplemental Reference Block combines the IIW and NavShips
blocks. Angle Beam, Horizontal Sweep (Angle Sensitivity), TCG, and
Sensitivity (Reference Level) can all be created or verified on this one
Reference Block.

For Sensitivity, the SSL (Standard Sensitivity Level) must be


determined by peaking the .060” side drilled hole on the IIW block.

Examination:

Once a Scan Plan is created to include weld thickness and geometry,


:
focal law(s), index position(s), focusing, and other ultrasonic
settings, the weld can be scanned. The welds are to be scanned at
the at the SSL, or 6db above the SSL. Each scan must be encoded,
and data recorded. A maximum of 1% data loss is allowed.

Evaluation:

H10.3 Acceptance Criteria. Welds shall be acceptable provided


they have no planar indications, nor any indications whose amplitude
or length exceeds that specified in Table H.2 for the applicable type
of loading. Discontinuities shall be classified based on their
maximum amplitude in accordance with Table H.3 (also see Figure
H.4):

Indications lengths shall be determined by using the 6 dB drop rule.

Scan Data:
Data can be analysed for acceptance either on the instrument itself,
or on post-analysis software.

Conclusion:
With the inclusion of PAUT in the 2020 AWS D1.1 code, you can
achieve improved scans of welds in less time,
significantly increasing productivity and efficiency.
These recorded scans will be available for review any time after the
scan is performed, and include 3D views of any discovered flaws
that can be clearly interpreted by UT inspectors, engineers, project
:
managers, welders, and anyone else involved in the welding process.

Recommended Tool Package

Veo3 or Prisma
X2 or DAAH series probes and wedges
AXYS Encoder

For further information or support, please contact the Sonatest Sales


Team sales@sonatest.com

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