1.

1: Relations and Functions:

Objective of lesson: Explain the meaning of the term function, and distinguish a function from a relation that is not a function, through investigation of linear
and quadratic relations using a variety of representations (i.e., tables of values, mapping diagrams, graphs, function machines, equations) and strategies (e.g.,
identifying a one-to-one or many-to-one mapping; using the vertical line test)
- A function is a relation in which each value of the independent variable corresponds with only one value of the dependent variable.
- Functions can be represented in various ways: in words, a table of values, a set of ordered pairs, a mapping diagram, a graph, or an equation
- The domain of a relation or function is the set of all values of the independent variable. This is usually represented by the x-values on a coordinate
grid.
- The range of a relation or function is the set of all values of the dependent variable. This is usually represented by the y-values on a coordinate grid.
1.2: Function Notation:
Objective of lesson: Represent linear and quadratic functions using function notation, given their equations, tables of values, or graphs, and substitute into and
evaluate functions
- Symbols such as are called function notation, which is used to represent the value of the dependent variable y for a given value of the independent
variable x. For this reason, y and are interchangeable in the equation of a function, so y=f(x)
- f(x) represents the value or output of the function when the input is The output depends on the equation of the function.
- f(a) is the y-coordinate of the point on the graph of f with x-coordinate a.
1.3: Exploring Properties of Parent Functions:
Objective of lesson: Explain the meanings of the terms domain and range, through investigation using numeric, graphical, and algebraic representations of the
❑ 1
functions f (x)= x , x 2 , √❑ ;describe the domain and range of a function appropriately.
x
- Certain basic functions, called parent functions, form the building blocks for families of more complicated functions. Parent functions include, but
1
are not limited to, f ( x)= x , x 2 , √❑❑ ,|x|.
x
- A family of functions is a collection of functions (or lines or curves) sharing common characteristics
- A parent function is the simplest, or base, function in a family.
1.4: Domain and Range:
Objective of lesson: determine, through investigation, the relationship between the domain and range of a function and whether or not the relation is a
function.
- The domain of a function is the set of values of the independent variable for which the function is defined. The range of a function depends on the
equation of the function. The graph depends on the domain and range
1.5: The inverse function and its Properties:
Objective of lesson: Relate the process of determining the inverse of a function to their understanding of reverse processes. Determine the numeric or graphical
representation of the inverse of a linear or quadratic function, given the numeric, graphical, or algebraic representation of the function, and make connections,
through investigation using a variety of tools.
- The inverse of a linear function is the reverse of the original function. It undoes what the original has done and can be found using the inverse
operations of the original function in reverse order
- f −1❑ is the notation for the inverse function of f
- If (a, b) is a point on the graph of then (b, a) is a point on the graph of This implies that the domain of f is the range of and the range of f is the
❑
domain of f −1 .
- The graph of the inverse is the reflection of the graph of in the line y = x.
- A parent function is the simplest, or base, function in a family.
1.6: Exploring Transformations of Parent Functions:
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Objective of lesson: sketch graphs of y=a f (k(x-d)) + c by applying one or more transformations to the graphs of f ( x)= x , x 2 , √❑ ,|x| .and
x
state the domain and range of the transformed functions.
- In functions of the form the constants a, c, and d each change the location or shape of the graph of The shape of the graph of g(x) depends on
the graph of the parent function and on the value of g(x) a.
1.7: Investigating Horizontal Stretches, compressions, and Reflections:
Objective of lesson: Apply horizontal transformations to the graphs of the parent functions.
- Functions of the form g(x)=f(kx) have graphs that are not congruent to the graph of f(x). The differences in shape are a result of stretching or
compressing in a horizontal direction.
- When k >1 the graph is compressed horizontally, When 0<k<1 the graph is stretched horizontally, When k<0 the graph is also reflected in the y-axis
1.8: Using transformations to graph Functions of the Form g(x)=af [k(x-d)]+c:
Objective of lesson: Determine, through investigation using technology, the roles of the parameters
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a, k, d, c in functions of the form g(x)=af [k(x-d)]+c and describe these roles in terms of transformations on the graphs of f ( x)= x , x 2 , √❑
x
,|x|.
- The value of a determines the vertical stretch or compression and whether there is a reflection in the x-axis
- The value of k determines the horizontal stretch or compression and whether there is a reflection in the y-axis:
- The value of d determines the horizontal translation
- The value of d determines the horizontal translation
2.1: Adding and Subtracting Polynomials:
Objective of lesson: Simplify polynomial expressions by adding, subtracting.
- Only like terms can be added and subtracted when simplifying (like terms have the same variable raised to the same exponent).
- To add and subtract polynomials, we need to collect all like terms (this is done by adding and subtracting their coefectents)
- Two polynomial functions or expressions are equivalent if they simplify algebraically to give the same function or expression or they produce the same
graph
- Two polynomial functions or expressions are not equivalent if they result in different values when they are evaluated with the same numbers
substituted for the variable(s)
2.2: Multiplying Polynomials:
Objective of lesson: Simplify polynomial expressions by multiplying.
- To multiply two or more polynomials, we use the distributive property; this is often referred to as expanding.
2.3: Factoring Polynomials:
Objective of lesson: factoring polynomial expressions by using factoring strategies.
- 1: divide by the GCF
- 2: recognise a factorable trinomial of the form ax^2+bx+c, where a=1 and use product and sum method.
- 3: recognise a factorable trinomial of the form ax^2+bx+c, where a≠ 1and use decomposition.
- 4: recognizing a polynomial that can be factored as a difference of squares.
- 5: recognising a polynomial that can be factored as a perfect square trinomial
- 6: factoring by grouping
2.4: Simplifying Rational Functions:
Objective of lesson: simplify rational expressions and functions by factoring and state the restrictions on the variable values
- Both rational functions and rational expressions are undefined for numbers that make the denominator zero. These numbers must be excluded or
restricted from being possible values for the variables. As a result, for all rational functions, the domain is the set of all real numbers, except those
numbers that make the denominator equal zero.
- Rational functions and rational expressions can be simplified by factoring the numerator and denominator and then dividing their greatest common
factor.
2.5: Exploring Graphs of Rational Functions:
Objective of lesson: Determine the holes and vertical asymptotes given a rational functions.
- Holes occur at restricted values that result from a factor of the denominator that is also a factor of the numerator
- Vertical asymptotes occur at restricted values that are still zeros of the denominator after simplification.
2.6: Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions:
Objective of lesson: Multiply and divide rational expressions and state the restrictions.
- Rational expressions are multiplied and divided the same way numeric fractions are.
- To multiply, first find the greatest common factors of the numerator and denominator. Next, regroup the factors to make fractions equivalent to one.
Then, multiply any remaining factors.
- To divide, first rewrite the division as multiplication by the reciprocal of the denominator. The steps are then the same as for multiplication.
2.7: Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions:
Objective of lesson: simplify rational expressions by adding and subtracting.
- To add and subtract rational expressions, we apply the same idea used for adding and subtracting fractions: first find a common denominator. The
least common denominator is the same as the least common multiple and can be found by listing multiples of each denominator or through prime
factorization.