SIGMA 3

GROUND FAULT &

MONITORING RELAY

C-EG44EM, Manual Rev 1. May 2023

ABOUT I-GARD
I-Gard’s commitment to electrical safety provides both industrial and commercial
customers with the products needed to protect their electrical equipment and the
people that operate them.
As the only electrical-safety focused company whose product portfolio includes
neutral grounding resistors, high-resistance grounding systems and optical arc
mitigation, we take pride in our technologies that reduce the frequency and
impact of electrical hazards, such as arc flash and ground faults.
For those customers who have purchased from us over the last 30 years, you know us for
the quality and robustness of our products, our focus on customer service and technical
leadership. We build on this foundation by investing in developing new products in
electrical safety education by actively participating in the IEEE community programs
on technical and electrical safety standard, and working with local universities at
discovering new technologies. We remain unrelenting in our goal of improving electrical
safety in the workplace.
Our commitment to excellence is validated by long-standing relationships with
industry leaders in fields as diverse as petroleum and gas, hospitals, automotive,
data centers, food processing, aerospace, water and waste water plants, and
telecommunications. We provide our customers with the product and application
support required to ensure that their electrical distribution system is safe and reliable.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUBJECT
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Description ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3
3. Operation ........................................................................................................................................................................ 3
4. Trip Relay and Auxiliary Fault Relays ....................................................................................................................... 7
5. LED Indicators and Diagnostics ................................................................................................................................. 7
6. Settings ........................................................................................................................................................................... 9
7. Use with SIGMA 3-TDM Touchscreen Display Module ..................................................................................... 17
8. MODBUS Communication ........................................................................................................................................ 21
9. Installation ................................................................................................................................................................... 26
10. Commissioning ........................................................................................................................................................... 29
11. Technical Specifications ............................................................................................................................................ 40
12. Dimensional Drawings .............................................................................................................................................. 41
13. Part Numbers ............................................................................................................................................................... 42

TABLES
Table 6.1: Trip Relay Operating Mode Setting Dip switch #1 (left hand array)
Table 6.2 Trip Memory Selection Dip Switch #2 (left hand array)
Table 6.3 Ground Fault Trip Time Delay Settings Dip switches #3 - #4 - #5 - #6 - #7 (left hand array)
Table 6.4 Ground Fault Trip Current Level Settings Dip switches #8 - #9 - #10 (left hand array)
Table 6.5 System Frequency Selection Dip Switch #11 (right hand array)
Table 6.6 NGR Let-through Current Settings Dip Switches #12 - #13 - #14 - #15 - #16 (right hand array )
Table 8.1: MODBUS ID Address Map
Table 8.2: MODBUS RTU Standard 8 Byte Holding Register Read Function (03)
Table 8.3: Returned Information Structure for Holding Register Request
Table 8.4: SIGMA 3 Relay Register Definitions
Table 8.5: SIGMA 3 System Voltage
Table 8.6: SIGMA 3 Current
Table 8.7: SIGMA 3 Ground Fault Trip Level (%)
Table 8.8: SIGMA 3 Pulsing Frequency table

FIGURES
Figure 3.1: SIGMA 3 Typical System Diagram (HRG System)
Figure 3.2: SIGMA 3 Typical System Diagram (LRG System)
Figure 3.3: The Creation of a pulse signature by cycling the Let-Through current under various
arrangements
Figure 6.1: SIGMA 3 Dip Switch Array
Figure 6.2: SIGMA 3 Dip Switch Setting Example
Figure 7.1: SIGMA 3 to SIGMA 3-TDM Connection Diagram
Figure 7.2: Home Screen
Figure 7.3: Status Screen
Figure 7.4: Event Log Screen
Figure 7.5: Settings Screen
Figure 7.6: SIGMA 3 and Alarm Settings Screen
Figure 7.7: Pulse Contactor Settings Screen
Figure 7.8: Communications Settings Screen
Figure 8.1(a): Preferred 4-wire MODBUS Communication Connection
Figure 8.1(b): Alternate 2-wire MODBUS Communication Connection
Figure 9.1: SIGMA 3 Terminal Connections
Figure 10.1: NGR Current/Voltage Graph
Figure 10.2: NGR Current/Voltage Graph for various Resistance Values
Figure 10.3: High Frequency Injection - Monitoring Integrity of the Resistor
Figure 10.4: SIGMA 3-TDM to SIGMA 3 Connection
Figure 10.5: SIGMA 3 Home Screen - Admin Mode
Figure 10.6: SIGMA 3 Home Screen - Settings Tab
Figure 10.7: SIGMA 3 & Alarm Settings Screen
Figure 10.8: SIGMA 3 Home Screen - Admin Mode
Figure 10.9: SIGMA 3 Home Screen - Reset Tab
Figure 10.10: SIGMA 3 Settings Screen - System Calibration Tab
Figure 10.11: SIGMA 3 System Calibration Screen
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 FIGURES

Figure 10.12: Conductance vs Resistance - HF1, Open and Short Circuit

Figure 10.13: SIGMA 3- Status Screen
Figure 10.14: SIGMA 3 System Calibration Screen (NGR FLT)
Figure 12.1: SIGMA 3 Dimensional Drawings
Figure 12.2: SIGMA 3- TDM Dimensional Drawings
Figure 12.3: SIGMA 3 -TDM Mounting Details

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1. INTRODUCTION
The I-Gard SIGMA 3 is a combination of a Ground Fault Relay and Neutral Grounding Resistor (NGR) Monitoring Relay. The
SIGMA 3 monitor relay protects against ground faults and abnormal resistance values of the NGR.

The SIGMA 3 monitor relay is specifically designed for a variety of system voltages and an NGR limiting the maximum NGR
current to the relay’s set let-through current.

The SIGMA 3 monitor relay is designed to operate with a TxA or Rx-yA zero sequence current sensor, an NGRXS sensing
resistor, and an NGR sized to limit the ground fault current to a predetermined value.

The let-through current measured by the zero sequence current sensor will be the vector sum of any leakage
currents or charging currents normally in the system and any ground fault currents that may be present.

2. DESCRIPTION

The SIGMA 3 monitor relay measures the current through the NGR, the transformer neutral-to-ground voltage, and the NGR
resistance. The relay compares the measured values with the field settings of the relay and provides relay outputs and LED
indications when an abnormal condition is detected.

Ground fault current is measured using the zero sequence current sensor. The ground fault trip level is DIP switch selectable
as a percentage of the NGR let-through current setting at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Trip time is DIP
switch selectable from 60 milliseconds to 3.15 seconds.

Neutral-to-ground voltage is measured by means of the NGRXS. The NGRXS sensing resistor is used by the SIGMA 3 monitor
relay in combination with the zero sequence current sensor as part of a comparator to monitor the NGR resistance. This NGR
resistance monitoring complies with the requirements of CSA C22.1 section 10-302.

The SIGMA 3 monitor relay provides a current source output for connection to a 1mA full scale ammeter. The output signal is
proportional to the measured current and is expressed as a percentage of the NGR let-through current setting.

A watchdog fail-safe normally open contact is also provided.

Pulsing signal terminals are provided to facilitate pulsing of the NGR as a ground fault locating technique where the NGR is
outfitted with a solid state relay pulsing contactor.

The SIGMA 3 can be used with the SIGMA 3-TDM touchscreen display module to provide an advanced HMI.

3. OPERATION
3.1 System Components

The SIGMA 3 is used with voltage and current sensors to monitor the system. The NGRXS-## sensing resistor is used to
sense the voltage over the NGR. The zero sequence current sensor, which is used to sense the current through the NGR,
is an I-Gard type T2A, T3A, TxA or any Rx-yA zero sequence current sensor. In addition, the SIGMA 3 operates in injection
mode when the current through the NGR is low, whereby a high frequency signal is injected into the system to measure
the zero sequence impedance.

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See Figure 3.1 below for the typical system with the SIGMA 3 connections.

Figure 3.1: SIGMA 3 Typical System Diagram (HRG System)

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 Figure 3.2: SIGMA 3 Typical System Diagram (LRG System)

3.2 Ground Fault Detection

The SIGMA 3 monitor detects ground faults by measuring the current through the NGR using the zero sequence current
sensor (TxA or Rx-yA sensors). When the measured value exceeds the set-point the GND FLT LED illuminates, the GND FLT
form-C contact energizes, and the trip relays energize.

The SIGMA 3’s NGR let-through current setting is set by DIP switch to match the rating of the NGR. The trip level is DIP
switch selectable as a percentage of the NGR let-through current setting and can be set as: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%,
40%, and 50%.

The ground fault trip delay setting defines the length of time that a ground fault must persist before the fault is
qualified as such. This setting is DIP switch selectable from its minimum setting of 60 milliseconds to 3.15 seconds.

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3.3 NGR Monitoring

The SIGMA 3 monitor relay also monitors the health of the NGR to identify an open or short circuit condition. If the SIGMA 3
determines that the NGR is not healthy the NGR FLT LED illuminates, the NGR FLT form-C contact energizes, and the trip relays
energize.

The SIGMA 3 monitor relay monitors the NGR using one of two methods: measurement mode and injection mode. If the
leakage current through the NGR is over 5% of the rated let-through current, the SIGMA 3 operates in measurement mode.
In measurement mode, the leakage current through the NGR is measured by the ZSCS and the voltage across the NGR is
measured by the NGRXS. The SIGMA 3 uses these values to calculate the apparent resistance of the NGR. If this calculated
value is determined to be over 150% of the nominal value or less than 66% of the nominal value, the SIGMA 3 annunciates an
NGR fault.

If the leakage current through the NGR is below 5% of the rated let-through current, the SIGMA 3 operates in injection mode.
In injection mode, a high frequency signal is injected into the system through a band-pass filter that is provided by the
NGRXS. The SIGMA 3 uses the current and voltage of the high frequency signal to calculate the apparent resistance of the
NGR. If this calculated value is determined to be over 150% of the nominal value or less than 66% of the nominal value, the
SIGMA 3 annunciates an NGR fault.

3.4 Pulsing

Pulsing is a technique that is employed in high resistance grounded systems to locate a ground fault. The NGR is divided into
a non-pulsing section and a pulsing section that includes a contactor. The pulsing section can be inserted into the system
by the operation the contactor. This cycles the let-through current of the NGR between different values (usually from 50% to
100% of the rated let-through current) and this signature can be used to trace the location of the ground fault. Various pulse
arrangements are shown in Figure 3.3 below.

Pulse signals are available from the SIGMA 3 that can be used to create the fluctuating current signature by driving a N.O. solid
state relay that is used as the pulsing contactor. These are available at terminals 19, 20, and 21. If pulsing down, use terminals
19 and 21. If pulsing up, use terminals 20 and 21. Terminals 19-21 are normally energized with +12VDC and terminals 20-21 are
normally de-energized. When pulsing is enabled by closing terminals 25-26 or by using the SIGMA 3-TDM touchscreen HMI,
where the pulse signals cycle at a frequency of 1Hz. The cycle frequency can be changed using the SIGMA 3-TDM touchscreen
HMI.

Figure 3.3: The creation of a pulse signature by cycling the let-through current under various arrangements

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4. TRIP RELAY AND AUXILIARY FAULT RELAYS
The SIGMA 3 has four output relays:

- A TRIP relay
- An NGR FAULT auxiliary relay
- A GROUND FAULT auxiliary relay
- A WATCHDOG auxiliary relay

All relays are electrically held, i.e. when control power is off, the relays are always in the de-energized state. The de-energized
states are shown on the front of the SIGMA 3. Note that this is irrespective of the trip relay operating mode. All relays can be in
one of two states: idle or tripped. For the trip relay, its status (energized or de-energized) when in each of these states depends
on its operating mode, which is set by DIP switch 1.

4.1 Trip Relay (15-16, 17-18)

A trip relay consisting of a N.O. and N.C. pair is provided. Terminal 15-16 is normally closed and terminal 17-18 is normally open.
This relay energizes on occurrence of a ground fault or NGR fault. The trip relay can be programmed for shunt trip or fail-safe
operation.

When the SIGMA 3 is operating in shunt trip mode and there is no fault condition present, the trip relay remains idle (de-ener-
gized). If a fault condition is detected and qualified, the trip relay trips (energized).

When the SIGMA 3 is operating in fail-safe mode and there is no fault condition present, the trip relay is normally idle or ener-
gized. The trip relay is tripped of de-energized if a fault condition is detected on the system. The trip relay is also de-energized
when control power is off.

4.2 NGR Fault (AUXILIARY RELAY)

A Form-C auxiliary contact for NGR faults is provided. This is located at terminals 39, 40, and 41. The NGR FAULT
auxiliary relay operates exclusively in shunt trip mode regardless of the setting of DIP switch.

4.3 Ground Fault (AUXILIARY RELAY)

A Form-C auxiliary contact for ground faults is provided. This is located at terminals 42, 43, and 44. The GROUND
FAULT auxiliary relay operates exclusively in shunt trip mode regardless of the setting of DIP switch.

4.4 Watchdog (51-52)

Terminals 51-52 is a system normal watchdog. When the SIGMA 3 is de-energized it is open. When the SIGMA 3 is energized
but not in alarm it is closed. If the SIGMA 3 goes into alarm mode, the watchdog changes state and opens back.

5. LED INDICATORS AND DIAGNOSTICS

The SIGMA 3 has 4 indication LEDs located on its front panel: the Green PWR (Power) LED; the Red GND (Ground) FAULT LED;
the Red NGR FAULT LED; and the ZONE GR. (Zone Grading) LED.

5.1 Start-up and Reset Indications

The SIGMA 3 has a start-up sequence where the Red GND FAULT, NGR FAULT and ZONE GR. LEDs flash twice before being
turned OFF. The Green PWR LED may also flash before it is turned ON.

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During a manual reset the Red GND FAULT, NGR FAULT and ZONE GR. LEDs turn ON for two seconds as indication that the reset
sequence is taking place. During this time the Green PWR LED will intermittently flash. After this sequence the LEDs give the
start-up sequence described above.

After the SIGMA 3 has gone through the start-up sequence and is operating normally the Green PWR LED will turn ON and the
Red GND FAULT, NGR FAULT and ZONE GR. LEDs will turn off.

5.2 Power On LED (Green)

The Green PWR LED will turn ON when control power is applied to the SIGMA 3 and the relay is operating normally.

The Green PWR LED will intermittently flash if control power is applied to the SIGMA 3 but the relay is not operating correctly due
to a malfunction in the microprocessor circuit. Control power must be cycled in order to reset the SIGMA 3.

The Greed PWR LED will intermittently flash during a manual reset or a power-up reset.

5.3 GND Fault LED (Red)

The Red GND FAULT LED will turn OFF when the SIGMA 3 is operating normally and no ground fault has been detected or quali-
fied.

The Red GND FAULT LED will turn ON when the SIGMA 3 has detected and qualified a ground fault. The Red GND FAULT LED will
remain ON until the SIGMA 3 is manually reset even if the ground fault condition has been rectified.

The Red GND FAULT LED will intermittently flash when the SIGMA 3 is powered up after having been powered down while
indicating a ground fault. The SIGMA 3 must be manually reset to clear this condition.

The Red GND FAULT LED will turn on during manual reset as described above.

5.4 NGR Fault LED (Red)

The Red NGR FAULT LED will turn OFF when the SIGMA 3 is operating normally and no NGR Fault has been detected and qualified.

The Red NGR FAULT LED will turn ON when the SIGMA 3 has detected and qualified an NGR Fault. The RED NGR FAULT LED will
remain ON until the SIGMA 3 is manually reset even if the NGR fault condition has been corrected.

The Red NGR FAULT LED will intermittently flash when the relay is powered up after having been powered down while indicating
an NGR Fault. The SIGMA 3 must be manually reset to clear this condition.

The Red NGR FAULT LED will turn ON during a manual reset as described above.

5.5 Function (Red)

The FUNCTION LED will turn ON when the ZONE I/L input circuit is active, i.e. Normally Open (NO) contacts connected to these
inputs are closed.

The FUNCTION LED will intermittently flash when the relay’s self-test circuit is enabled through the operation of the TEST push
button on the front panel.

The FUNCTION LED will turn ON while the installer is adjusting the operational settings on the SIGMA 3 by way of the DIP
switches. When the relay detects that the installer has stopped making adjustments to these settings the Red ZONE GR. LED will
turn OFF.

The FUNCTION LED will turn ON during a manual reset as described above.
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6. SETTINGS
Settings are defined using selectable DIP switches. A picture of the DIP switch array is shown in Figure 6.1 below.

Figure 6.1: SIGMA 3 Dip Switch Array

6.1 Trip Relay Operating Modes

The trip relay operating settings can be set with DIP switch 1. The SIGMA 3 can be set for a shunt trip operating mode (not fail-
safe) or an undervoltage trip operating mode (fail-safe) operation with the trip relay operating mode dip switch. See Table 6.1
for configuration details.

6.1.1 Shunt Trip Mode

In the shunt trip mode (not fail-safe), the trip relay remains de-energized (no trip) when control voltage is applied to the SIGMA
monitor relay and the system is operating normally. The trip relay is energized (trip) when the measured values of the ground
fault current or NGR Resistance exceed the threshold settings for the time specified.

The trip relay will energize (trip) after a fault is qualified and will remain energized (tripped) until the SIGMA monitor relay is
reset whether or not the fault that caused the trip remains present on the system. The trip relay will be de-energized (no-trip) if
the control voltage is removed.

When control voltage is applied the trip relay will at first be de-energized (no-trip) and the SIGMA monitor relay will start op-
erating normally. If the trip memory option is OFF the trip relay will remain de-energized (no-trip). However, if the trip memory
option is ON and a trip state is stored in the non-volatile memory, the trip relay will energize (trip) approximately 1 second after
control voltage is applied and will remain energized (tripped), regardless of whether a fault is present on the system.

The trip relay will de-energize (no-trip) if the SIGMA monitor relay is reset through a local or remote reset. When reset, the
SIGMA monitor relay will resume monitoring of the system and, if a fault remains on the system, will detect the fault and will
re-trip, energizing the trip relay.

6.1.2 Fail-safe (Undervoltage Trip) Mode

When programmed for the FAIL-SAFE (UNDERVOLTAGE TRIP) MODE and the SIGMA 3 is operating normally, the trip relay
energizes approximately 1 second after control voltage is applied. The trip relay de-energizes (trips) under any of the following
conditions:

- The measured values of the ground fault current or NGR resistance exceed the threshold settings for the
time specified
- The SIGMA 3 is reset
- Control voltage is removed

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The trip relay remains energized after a trip, providing control voltage is present, until the SIGMA 3 is reset whether or not the
fault that caused the trip remains present on the system.

When control voltage is applied the trip relay will at first be energized (no-trip) and the SIGMA 3 will start operating normally.
If the trip memory option is OFF the trip relay will remain energized (no-trip). However, if the trip memory option is ON and a
trip state is stored in the non-volatile memory, the trip relay will de-energize (trip) approximately 1 second after control volt-
age is applied to the relay and will remain de-energized (tripped), regardless of whether a fault is present on the system.

The trip relay will energize (no-trip) if the SIGMA 3 is reset through a local or remote reset. When reset, the SIGMA 3 will
resume monitoring of the system and, if a fault remains on the system, will detect the fault and will re-trip, de-energizing the
trip relay.

6.2 Trip Memory Setting

The trip memory settings can be set with DIP switch 2. The SIGMA 3 stores the states of the trip relay and auxiliary fault relays
in non-volatile memory and can, if programmed to do so by means of the TRIP MEMORY Setting, restore the state of the trip
relay when control power is applied.

The SIGMA 3 can be set for trip memory ON (DIP switch #2 UP) or trip memory OFF (DIP switch #2 DOWN). See Table 6.2 for
configuration details.

When the trip memory option is OFF the trip relay and auxiliary fault relays are returned to their idle operating states
when control power is applied.

When the trip memory is ON the trip relay and auxiliary fault relays are restored to the state these relays had prior to the loss
of control power. If the SIGMA 3 was indicating a fault condition when control power was lost, the states of the trip relay and
auxiliary fault relays will be maintained until the relay is manually reset.

The SIGMA 3 retains the states of the trip relay and auxiliary fault relays stored in non-volatile memory indefinitely.

6.3 Ground Fault Trip Time Delay

The ground fault time delay settings can be set with DIP switches 3-7. The SIGMA 3 can be programmed for ground fault trip
delays ranging from 60 milliseconds to 3.15 seconds.

Refer to TABLE 6.3 GROUND FAULT TRIP TIME DELAY SETTINGS to determine the DIP switch settings for the ap-
plication.

6.4 Ground Fault Trip Current Level

The ground fault trip current level setting can be set with DIP switches 8-10. The SIGMA 3 can be programmed for a number of
ground fault trip levels expressed as a percentage of the NGR let-through current setting. Eight ground fault trip level settings
are available and are: 5%; 10%; 15%; 20%; 25%; 30%; 40%; 50%.

I-Gard recommends that the ground fault trip level setting be set as low as possible to provide maximum operating personnel
and equipment protection without having the SIGMA 3 report ground faults falsely.

Refer to TABLE 6.4 GROUND FAULT TRIP CURRENT LEVEL SETTINGS to determine the DIP switch settings for
the application.

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Caution: CAN/CSA-M421-00 Use of Electricity in Mines Paragraph 3.5.5 states, in part, that “Where ground-fault protection
is used, the supply shall be … de-energized in less than 1 second if ground-fault current exceeds 20% of the prospective
ground-fault current”. Therefore, I-Gard recommends that the ground fault trip level be set as low as possible and not higher
than 20% when complying with this CSA Mine Safety Standard.

6.5 System Frequency

The system frequency setting can be set with DIP switches 11. A system frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz can be chosen. Refer to
TABLE 6.5 SYSTEM FREQUENCY SETTINGS to determine the DIP switch settings for the application.

6.6 NGR Let-Through Current

The NGR let-through current setting can be set with DIP switches 12-16. The SIGMA monitor relay has thirty two settings for
the NGR let-through current. Refer to TABLE 6.6 FOR DIP SWITCH SETTINGS for the NGR let-through current.

The NGR let-through current settings in Table 9.6 show that the SIGMA 3 monitor relay can be configured for let-through cur-
rents ranging from 5 Amperes through 400 Amperes using a standard I-Gard TxA ZSCS.

The NGR let-through current settings in Table 6.6 are intended to show that the SIGMA 3 monitor relay can be configured for
let-through currents ranging from 1 Ampere through 4 Amperes using a standard I-Gard TxA ZSCS with the conductor carry-
ing the NGR current wrapped through the CT’s primary window 10 times to create a primary winding of 10 turns.

The SIGMA 3 monitor relay can be configured for let-through currents over 400 Amperes using an I-Gard ZSCS sized for the
intended application.

Contact the factory if settings other than those are required in the intended application.

6.7 DIP Switch Configurations

DIP SWITCH #1 - MODE (left hand array)

Mode Dip Switch Setting

Fail-safe (Undervoltage Trip)

SIGMA 3 Relay is Idle/Not-Tripped:

Trip Relay is energized
Aux Fault Relays are not energized UP
SIGMA 3 Relay is Tripped:
Trip Relay is energized
Aux Fault Relays are energized
Non-fail safe (Shunt Trip)

SIGMA 3 Relay is Idle/Not-Tripped

Trip Relay is not Energized
Aux Fault Relays are not energized DOWN
SIGMA 3 Relay is Tripped
Trip Relay is Energized
Aux Fault Relays are energized

Table 6.1: Trip Relay Operating Mode Setting Dip Switch #1 (left hand array)

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 DIP SWITCH #2 - TRIP MEMORY SELECTION (left hand array)

Trip Memory On/Off Dip Switch Settings

TRIP MEMORY ON

Control voltage off after trip:

When control voltage restored
Trip and Aux relays idle* then immediately UP
re-trip (within 2 seconds).

TRIP MEMORY OFF

Control voltage off after trip:

When control voltage restored
Trip and Aux relays idle* but do not DOWN
immediately re-trip
Trip and Aux relays will re-trip if a fault is
detected after monitoring starts.

Table 6.2: Trip Memory Selection Dip Switch #2 (left hand array)

DIP SWITCH #3,4,5,6,7 - GROUND FAULT TRIP TIME DELAY (left hand array)
(U = Up, D = Down)

Ground Fault Trip Time Dip Switch Settings

Delay (in milliseconds) 3 4 5 6 7
60 D D D D D
150 D D D D U
250 D D D U D
350 D D D U U
450 D D U D D
550 D D U D U
650 D D U U D
750 D D U U U
850 D U D D D
950 D U D D U
1050 D U D U D
1150 D U D U U
1250 D U U D D

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(U = Up, D = Down)

1350 D U U D U
1450 D U U U D
1550 D U U U U
1650 U D D D D
1750 U D D D U
1850 U D D U D
1950 U D D U U
2050 U D U D D
2150 U D U D U
2250 U D U U D
2350 U D U U U
2450 U U D D D
2550 U U D D U
2650 U U D U D
2750 U U D U U
2850 U U U D D
2950 U U U D U
3050 U U U U D
3150 U U U U U

Table 6.3: Ground Fault Trip Time Delay Settings Dip Switches #3-#4-#5-#6-#7 (left hand array)

DIP SWITCH #8,9,10 - GROUND FAULT TRIP LEVEL % (left hand array)

(U = Up, D = Down)

Ground Fault Trip Level (% of NGR Dip Switch Settings

Let-Through Current) 8 9 10
5% D D D
10% D D U
15% D U D
20% D U U
25% U D D
30% U D U
40% U U D
50% U U U

Table 6.4: Ground Fault Trip Current Level Settings Dip Switches #8 - #9 - #10 (left hand array)
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 DIP SWITCH #11 - SYSTEM FREQUENCY SELECTION (right hand array)

System Frequency 50/60 Hz Dip Switch Setting

System Frequency 50 Hz UP

System Frequency 60 Hz DOWN

Table 6.5: System Frequency Selection Dip Switch #11 (right hand array)

DIP SWITCH # 12, 13, 14, 15, 16- NGR let-through current (right hand array)
(U = Up, D = Down)

NGR Let-Through Dip Switch Settings ZSCS Employed

Current (Amps)
12 13 14 15 16
1 D D D D U TxA or Rx-yA w/10 Turns
Through Primary
2 D D D U U TxA or Rx-yA w/10 Turns
Through Primary
3 D D U D U TxA or Rx-yA w/10 Turns
Through Primary
4 D D U U U TxA or Rx-yA w/10 Turns
Through Primary
5 D D D D D TxA or Rx-yA
10 D D D D U TxA or Rx-yA
15 D D D U D TxA or Rx-yA
20 D D D U U TxA or Rx-yA
25 D D U D D TxA or Rx-yA
30 D D U D U TxA or Rx-yA
35 D D U U D TxA or Rx-yA
40 D D U U U TxA or Rx-yA
45 D U D D D TxA or Rx-yA
50 D U D D U TxA or Rx-yA
55 D U D U D TxA or Rx-yA
60 D U D U U TxA or Rx-yA
65 D U U D D TxA or Rx-yA
70 D U U D U TxA or Rx-yA
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(U = Up, D = Down)

75 D U U U D TxA or Rx-yA
80 D U U U U TxA or Rx-yA
90 U D D D U TxA or Rx-yA
95 U D D U D TxA or Rx-yA
100 U D D U U TxA or Rx-yA
125 U D U D D TxA or Rx-yA
150 U D U D U TxA or Rx-yA
175 U D U U D TxA or Rx-yA
200 U D U U U TxA or Rx-yA
225 U U D D D TxA or Rx-yA
250 U U D D U TxA or Rx-yA
275 U U D U D TxA or Rx-yA
300 U U D U U TxA or Rx-yA
325 U U U D D TxA or Rx-yA
350 U U U D U TxA or Rx-yA
375 U U U U D TxA or Rx-yA
400 U U U U U TxA or Rx-yA
500 D U D D U 10,000:1
600 D U D U U 10,000:1
800 D U U U U 10,000:1
1000 U D D U U 10,000:1
1250 U D U D D 10,000:1
1500 U D U D U 10,000:1
2000 U D U U U 10,000:1
2250 U U D D D 10,000:1
2500 U U D D U 10,000:1

Table 6.6: NGR Let-Through Current Settings Dip Switches #12-#13-#14-#15-#16 (Right Hand Array)

15
Example of a DIP Switch Configuration

For this example's purposes let's consider a Neutral Grounding Resistor (NGR) part number NGR347-5-C which stands for:

NGR: Neutral Grounding Resistor

347: 347 VL-N (Line-to Neutral Voltage), System Voltage VL-L 600 (Line-to-Line Voltage)
5: Rated Current, 5 Amps
C: Continuous Duty

The user is about to configure SIGMA 3 DIP switches according to the particular system; the user is planning to set up fail-safe
operating mode, he decides to turn on the Trip Memory toggle, Ground Fault Trip Time Delay will be set at 3150 milliseconds,
5% Ground Fault Trip Level will be set up at 5% (of the NGR let-through current (5% of 5 Amps for this particular example) and
frequency system is 60 Hz.

Figure 6.2 shows the correct DIP switch toggles position according to the settings defined by the user.

Figure 6.2: SIGMA 3 Dip switch setting example

Toggle # Toggle Position Status

Toggle #1 Operating mode UP Fail Safe
(Under voltage Trip)
Toggle #2 Trip Memory UP Trip Memory ON
Toggle #3 Ground Fault Trip Time Delay UP
Toggle #4 Ground Fault Trip Time Delay UP
DIP SWITCH #1
Toggle #5 Ground Fault Trip Time Delay UP 3150 milliseconds
(Left hand array)
Toggle #6 Ground Fault Trip Time Delay UP
Toggle #7 Ground Fault Trip Time Delay UP
Toggle #8 Ground Fault Trip Level DOWN 5% of the NGR
Let-through current
Toggle #9 Ground Fault Trip Level DOWN
setting. For this particular
Toggle #10 Ground Fault Trip Level DOWN example is 5% of 5 Amps
Toggle #11 System Frequency (Hz) DOWN 60 Hz
Toggle #12 NGR Let-through Current (Amps) DOWN
DIP SWITCH #2 Toggle #13 NGR Let-through Current (Amps) DOWN
5 Amps
(Right hand array)
Toggle #14 NGR Let-through Current (Amps) DOWN (NGR Let-through current)
Toggle #15 NGR Let-through Current (Amps) DOWN
Toggle #16 NGR Let-through Current (Amps) DOWN
16
7. USE WITH SIGMA 3-TDM TOUCHSCREEN DISPLAY MODULE
The SIGMA 3 can be used with a touchscreen HMI called the SIGMA 3-TDM. The SIGMA 3 is connected to the SIGMA 3-TDM using
its MODBUS communication port. The connection of the SIGMA 3 to the SIGMA 3-TDM is shown in Figure 7.1.

The SIGMA 3-TDM touchscreen HMI provides for: display of the status and readings of the SIGMA 3; configuration and operation
of pulse contactor settings; viewing of logging and trending data; remote reset of the SIGMA 3; as well as providing TCP/IP com-
munication.

When the SIGMA 3 is connected to the SIGMA 3-TDM the "HOME" screen shown in Figure 7.2 below appears on the SIGMA3-TDM.
Navigate to the SYSTEM STATUS screen using the associated button. The screen as shown in Figure 7.3 appears. Here the Fault
Current and NGR Voltage can be observed as well as the System Ground Fault and NGR Fault statuses. TEST and RESET can be
activated here, as well as pulsing.

Navigate to the "EVENTS LOGGING AND TRENDING PAGE" using the associated button on the home screen. The Logging and
Trending page is shown in Figure 7.4 below.

Navigate to the Settings page using the associated button on the home screen. The Settings page is shown in Figure 7.5 below.
From here, the SIGMA 3 Settings page can be accessed. Select the system voltage (i.e. L-L Voltage). Pulse frequency can be
selected. Settings for the alarm annunciation can be selected here as well.

Figure 7.1: SIGMA 3 to SIGMA 3-TDM Connection Diagram

17
 Figure 7.2: Home Screen

Figure 7.3: Status Screen

Figure 7.4: Event Log Screen 18

 Figure 7.5: Settings Screen

Figure 7.6: SIGMA 3 and Alarm Settings Screen

19
Figure 7.7: Pulse Contactor Settings Screen
Figure 7.8: Communications Settings Screen

20
8. MODBUS COMMUNICATION
The SIGMA 3 has 4-wire RS-485 communications port to allow communications to a remote terminal or network, a 4-wire
RS-485 communications port is provided at the bottom left of the SIGMA 3. The 6-slot terminal block supplied has screw
terminals. Terminal # 1 must not be used. Only terminals 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are to be used as shown in Figure 8.1 below, with the
preferred 4-wire connection in Figure 8.1(a) and the 2-wire connection in Figure 8.1(b). Note that when the SIGMA 3-TDM is
being used, communication connections to the system should be made through the
SIGMA 3-TDM. This is through the SIGMA 3-TDM TCP/IP communication port.

The protocol supported is MODBUS RTU. The MODBUS I/D number for the SIGMA 3 is not programmable and is set according
to the serial number (see Table 8.1 below). The baud rate is not programmable and is set to 38400 BPS. The frame set-up is 8
bit, no parity and 1 stop bit.

The communications cable should ideally be standard 4-wire with two twisted-pairs, and a grounding shield to prevent
electromagnetic interference. The shield of the cable between nodes should not be continuously grounded but should be
grounded at one end. The cable may be grounded at the SIGMA 3 using the ground connection provided on terminal # 6.

Figure 8.1 (a): Preferred 4-wire MODBUS Communication Connection

21
 Figure 8.1 (b): Alternate 2-wire MODBUS Communication Connection

8.1 MODBUS Functions

One MODBUS function is supported, read holding register (03). The SIGMA 3 provides access to 32 MODBUS registers avail-
able. This document summarizes the format and function of these registers. The request from the master is always 8 bytes
long and are as shown in the table below. In the MODBUS RTU system the SIGMA 3 operates in a client/server communica-
tions model or master/slave communications model. In the client/server communications model the SIGMA 3 is the MODBUS
server and will respond to requests sent to it by a MODBUS client. In the master/slave communications model the SIGMA 3
relay is the MODBUS slave and will respond to requests sent to it by a MODBUS master.

Last Digit of SIGMA 3 MODBUS Slave ID (Hex)

Serial Number
XXX0 0A
XXX1 0B
XXX2 02
XXX3 03
XXX4 04
XXX5 05
XXX6 06
XXX7 07
XXX8 08
XXX9 09

Table 8.1: MODBUS ID Address Map

22
The MODBUS requests sent to the MODBUS master or client are 8 bytes long as shown in Table 8.2 below.

Starting Address No. of Registers CRC

Unit I/D Function Requested
High Low High Low High Low

02 03 nn nn nn nn cc cc

Table 8.2: MODBUS RTU Standard 8 Byte Holding Register Read Function (03)

The data format of the MODBUS registers is nnnnH for four hexadecimal digits, ddddB for four binary digits and
ddddddddB for eight binary digits. Numbers above are, for example, a request for 2 registers only, starting from ad-
dress 02. CRC checksum is a 16 bit CRC as described in MODBUS information.

If successful, the SIGMA 3 will return the message shown in Table 8.3 below.

Unit I/D Function No. of Bytes Data 1 Data N CRC

High Low High Low High Low High Low
02 03 nn nn nn nn nn nn cc cc

Table 8.3: Returned Information Structure for Holding Register Request

Register contents are shown in Tables 8.4 to 8.6 as below.

NOTE: Register number is shown in decimal but must be sent in hexadecimal form in the request.

The MODBUS register number is translated in the request such that register number 40001 is sent as hexadecimal address
0000H, register number 40002 is sent as hexadecimal address 0001H, register number 40003 is sent as hexadecimal address
0002H and so on.

The MODBUS registers can be read using the starting address in a block and the number of registers required up to the number
of registers available in a given block.

There are times when the SIGMA 3 relay processor will not be able to respond to a request since it is busy with other tasks and
no response will be returned. For this reason it is recommended to request the maximum number of registers used by the
system in a single request.

23
Register # Contents Read/ Function Description
Write
40026 nnnnH R N to G Voltage 0-0x1FF (0-511)
40027 nnnnH R Voltage Full Scale See System Voltage table below (page 24)
Current Full Scale Bit 4 to Bit 0 – (See Current table, page 24)
40028 nnnnH R Frequency Bit 5 – Frequency - 0:60Hz/1:50Hz
Trip Level Bit 6 to bit 8 – (See Trip Level table, page 24)
Bit 0 – Main Relay: 0 – OFF / 1 – ON
40029 nnnnH R Relay Status Bit 1 – Ground Fault Relay: 0 – OFF / 1 – ON
Bit 2 – NGR Fault Relay: 0 – OFF / 1 – ON
Bit 3-0: GND Fault LED status: 0 – OFF / 1 – ON
40030 nnnnH R NGR Status /3- Flashing Bit 7-4: NGR Fault LED status: 0 –
OFF / 1 – ON /3- Flashing
Bit 4 to Bit 0 – Pulsing frequency - (See Pulsing
40031 nnnnH R Pulsing Frequency Frequency table, page 24)
Bit 5 – Pulsing Status
40032 nnnnH R Operating Mode Bit 0 - 0 - Normal Operating / 1 - Calibration
40033 nnnnH R Conductance 0-0xFFFF – (0-65535)
40034 nnnnH R Open-Circuit 0-0xFFFF – (0-65535)
Threshold
40035 nnnnH R Short-Circuit 0-0xFFFF – (0-65535)
Threshold
40036 nnnnH R Fault Current 0-0x1FF (0-511)
40037 nnnnH R NGRXS Sensor Zero 0-0xFFFF – (0-65535)
Drift
40038 nnnnH R Low Peak Limitation 0-0xFFFF – (0-65535)
40039 nnnnH R High Peak 0-0xFFFF – (0-65535)
Limitation
40040 nnnnH R Coupling 0-0xFFFF – (0-65535)
Impedance
40041 nnnnH R Value Fluctuating - 0-0xFFFF – (0-65535)
Low
40042 nnnnH R Value Fluctuating - 0-0xFFFF – (0-65535)
High

Table 8.4: SIGMA 3 Relay Register Definitions

24
 System Voltage table Current table Trip Level table
Code V (L-L) Code Amperes Code %
0x0 120 V 0x0 5A 0x0 5
0x1 240 V 0x1 10 A 0x1 10
0x2 380 V 0x2 15 A 0x2 15
0x3 400 V 0x3 20 A 0x3 20
0x4 415 V 0x4 25 A 0x4 25
0x5 480 V 0x5 30 A 0x5 30
0x6 600 V 0x6 35 A
0x6 40
0x7 690 V 0x7 40 A
0x7 50
0x8 45 A
0x8 1050 V
0x9 50 A Table 8.7
0x9 2.2 kV
0xA 55 A
0xA 2.4 kV
0xB 60 A
0xB 3.3 kV
0xC 65 A
0xC 4.2 kV
0xD 70 A
0xD 6.6 kV Pulsing Frequency table
0xE 75 A
0xE 7.2 kV Code Frequency
0xF 80 A
Hz
0xF 11.0 kV 0x10 85 A
0x10 13.8 kV 0 1.00
0x11 90 A
0x11 23.0 kV 1 1.25
0x12 95 A
0x12 34.5 kV 2 1.50
0x13 100 A
3 1.75
0x14 125 A
Table 8.5 4 2.00
0x15 150 A
0x16 175 A
5 2.25
0x17 200 A 6 2.50
0x18 225 A 7 2.75
0x19 250 A 8 3.00
0x1A 275 A 9 3.25
0x1B 300 A
0x1C 325 A Table 8.8
0x1D 350 A
0x1E 375 A
0x1F 400 A

Table 8.6

Table 8.5: SIGMA 3 System Voltage

Table 8.6: SIGMA 3 Current
Table 8.7: SIGMA 3 Ground Fault Trip Level (%)
Table 8.8: SIGMA 3 Pulsing Frequency table

25
9. INSTALLATION
9.1 SIGMA 3

9.1.1 Location

The SIGMA 3 monitor relay should be located as close as possible to the system’s isolating device, circuit breaker or contactor.

Recommended height to install the SIGMA 3-TDM (Display Module) is between 3 to 5 feet (1-1.5 meters) from the floor to the
center of the SIGMA 3-TDM Display which will allow the user to comfortably set up system parameters, to conduct calibration
procedure and to take advantage of the SIGMA3-TDM functionality.

9.1.2 Mounting

Mount the SIGMA 3 monitor relay horizontally using 35 mm DIN rail bolted or firmly fixed to flat surface. Allow at least 20 mm
of rail to extend beyond each end of the relay.
Secure the relay to the DIN rail ensuring the release latches at the bottom of the relay engage the rail. If the relay is to be
mounted in any other position take appropriate steps to prevent the relay from disengaging from the DIN rail.

9.1.3 Connections

Refer to Figure 9.1 for electrical connections to the SIGMA 3 monitor relay. Terminals on the relay will accept up to #14 AWG
wire.

Connect the G terminal on the SIGMA 3 monitor relay to a suitable grounding point. Connect control power to terminals L and
N. An isolation transformer is recommended as the source of supply to prevent excessive voltage being applied to the relay’s
internal power supply.

This grounding point should be electrically common to the grounding point of the NGR.

The SIGMA 3 monitor relay must be grounded as described above. As the relay’s housing is non-metallic, no chassis bond is
required.

Connect the sensing resistor input terminals on the SIGMA 3 monitor relay to the R terminal of the NGRXS sensing resistor as
shown in the connection diagram below.

Connect terminals #47 and #48 on the SIGMA 3 monitor relay to the X1 and X2 terminals of the Zero Sequence Current ensor
as shown in the connection diagram below.

Refer to the description of the trip relay operating mode settings for an explanation of the shunt (not fail-safe) and unde-
voltage (fail-safe) operating modes and the relay contact states for each of these operating modes. The connection of field
devices to the terminals of the SIGMA 3 monitor relay must be as specified in the installation specifications. These include the
trip relay terminals, the auxiliary fault relay terminals, the external reset, test and the G/F meter terminals.
If door/panel mounted or remote test and/or reset controls are required, connect momentary single pole single throw (SPST)
normally open contact push buttons to the appropriate terminals on the SIGMA 3 monitor relay. Refer to the connection dia-
gram below. These contacts are to be voltage free.

9.2 Zero Sequence Current Sensor

9.2.1 Location

The ZSCS should be mounted near the system transformer neutral (whether a transformer or a generator) along with the
NGRXS sensing resistor and NGR.

9.2.2 Mounting

The overall dimensions of the T2A Zero Sequence Current Sensors (ZSCS) are 104 mm x 104 mm x 44 mm. If another size zero
sequence current sensor is used please refer to document C-700EM sensors.
26
9.2.3 Connections

The neutral point of the system is to be connected to the ungrounded end of the neutral grounding resistor such that this
conductor passes through the window of the ZSCS.
The secondary terminals, X1 and X2, must be connected to the appropriate terminals on the SIGMA 3 monitor relay as shown
in the connection diagram below.

9.3. NGRXS-## Sensing Resistor

The NGRXS sensing resistor must be selected from those available from I-Gard and must be one that is designed for use in a
system with a system voltage in which it will be installed.

9.3.1 Location

The NGRXS sensing resistor should be mounted near the system transformer, along with the ZSCS and the NGR.

9.3.2 Mounting

The overall dimensions of NGRXS-1 to NGRXS-7 (from 140 to 700 volts) sensing resistor are 89 mm x 65 mm x 71 mm. A metal
mounting bracket extends from one side of the housing. The bracket has two 6 mm mounting holes in it through which bolts
or self threading screws can be used to mount the 1 to NGRXS-7 sensing resistor to a flat surface. Refer to Figure 11.1.

9.3.3 Connections

The neutral terminal of the NGRXS sensing resistor must be connected to the ungrounded end of the NGR. This is the same
connection point as it is connected to the system neutral. Refer to Figure 3.1 or 3.2. The R terminal of the NGRXS sensing resis-
tor must be connected to the appropriate terminal of the SIGMA 3 monitor relay as shown in Figure 3.1 or 3.2. The G terminal
of the NGRXS sensing resistor should be connected to a suitable ground point. This grounding point should be separate from
the ground path from the NGR so that the ground path from the NGR is monitored as well as the NGR itself.

9.4. SIGMA 3-TDM

The SIGMA 3-TDM maximum power supply is 5.25 VDC.

Power supply should not be less than 5 VDC, if that is the case a communication error will show up.
Polarity of the power supply to the SIGMA 3-TDM must be checked before continue on next steps.

MODBUS wiring

SIGMA 3 SIGMA 3 - TDM

Touchscreen Display
Module
Rx+ Tx+
Rx- Tx-
Tx+ Rx+
Tx- Rx-

NOTE: DO NOT connect it to ground

27
Summary of Connections to the SIGMA 3 Relay

1. Neutral Grounding Resistor (NGR):

Terminal N and NN - Source secondary (X0)
Terminal G - System Ground
Important: Neutral is bonded to ground ONLY through the resistor (NGR)

2.- Sensing Resistors:

NGRX to Terminal # 38 - SIGMA 3 HF1
NGRS - Terminal # 45(R) and #46 (G) to SIGMA 3 Terminal #45 and #46
**Important: These terminals are Polarity Sensitive

3.- TxA Zero Sequence Current Sensors:

TxA to SIGMA 3 Terminal #47 and # 48
** Important: These terminals are Non-Polarity Sensitive

4. Pulsing (Optional):
Pulsing Down - Terminal #19 (+) and Terminal #21 (-)
Pulsing Up - Terminal #20 (+) and Terminal #21 (-)

28
 Figure 9.1: SIGMA 3 Terminal Connections

10. COMMISSIONING
A general breakdown of commissioning of the SIGMA 3 would involve the following:

- Review of installation and condition of unit

- Verification of connections
- Verification of settings
- Energization of SIGMA 3
- Functional Verifications:
o Test and Reset
o Pulsing
o Communication with the SIGMA 3-TDM
- Current injection (primary or secondary) to verify GND Fault functionality
- NGR short circuit test
- NGR open circuit test
- Energization of system
- Online Calibration (if system zero sequence impedance noticeably changes while online)

29
10.1 NGR Monitoring - Calibration Procedure

The SIGMA 3 relay utilizes three methods to determine if the NGR path is within the required short/open circuit parameters -

1) Measurement Mode

Measurement mode continuously monitors the current through the Zero Sequence Current Sensor (ZSCS) and the voltage
across the NGR to monitor the condition of the expected impedance between N and G. This method is used when the mea-
sured voltage and current across the NGR is 5% or greater of nominal.

i) The relay dip switches (12-16) dictate the maximum available let-through current and correspond to a percentage that must
be linearly proportional to the voltage seen across the resistor. Thus, if the dip switches are set to 5A, then 5A represents 100%
of the maximum let-through current being dissipated by the NGR.
ii) The voltage across the NGR is normalized by utilizing the NGRXS-XX, where XX represents the line-to-line voltage of the
system. If the line-to-line voltage is 600V, then a NGRXS-6 is used. The maximum voltage that can be seen across the NGR is
347V (line-to-neutral voltage), and represents 100% of the maximum voltage seen at the neutral during phase to ground fault
condition as a normalized parameter.

For simplicity, we will use an NGR that is rated for a line-to-line voltage of 173.2V and is grounded through a 100A resistor.
The line-to-neutral voltage across the resistor in this case is ~100V (173.2V/sqrt(3)). The NGR will have an impedance of 1 Ohm.
Plotting the voltage across the resistor with the current through the resistor, it can be shown that there is a linear relationship
between voltage and current.

Figure 10.1: NGR Current/Voltage Graph

Limits are then added to this graph for the following:

• 67% change in resistance

• 150% change in resistance
• 300% change in resistance

30
Figure 10.2: NGR Current/Voltage Graph for various Resistance Values
2) Injection Mode

When there is no voltage or current being measured by the system (less than 5%), the integrity of the resistor can no longer
be monitored by using the method described in 1). To accommodate for this scenario, the SIGMA 3 relay actively applies a
High Frequency current (HF) through the NGRXS to the resistor to confirm that the resistor is still connected from neutral to
ground. The following diagram depicts the current path for IHF. The relay must be calibrated for the normalized IHF1 as this will
vary depending on the system.

Figure 10.3: High Frequency Injection - Monitoring Integrity of the Resistor

The current IHF is represented by the Conductance Measurement seen on the calibration screen of the TDM. IHF varies with rela-
tion to the impedance of the NGR. As the NGR impedance decreases, the IHF increases.

The following depicts the relationship between the Conductance and IHF current.

Once the conductance of the system is known, the limits of the open and short circuit threshold can be set.

• The “Low Peak” must be greater than the “Low Fluctuating Value”.
• The “High Peak” must be greater than the “High Fluctuating Value”.
• The “Conductance Measurement” during normal operation must be greater than the “Open Circuit Threshold”.
• The “Conductance Measurement” during normal operation must be less than the “Short Circuit Threshold”.

3) Revision Mode

Revision mode is considered for NGR integrity monitoring when there may exist a voltage across the NGR but no current. This
is typically evident by high fluctuating values, and occurs when some voltage is measured across the neutral but lacks enough
current to trigger the Measurement Mode described in 1).

In this case, the following table must be used to dictate a theoretical threshold value:

Once the corresponding theoretical threshold value is identified, the following formula must be fulfilled:

For example, a 480V system will correspond to a conductance of 12000 as the theoretical threshold.

The NGRX Sensor Zero Drift is a user input and must be set to ensure that it falls in line with the nominal online coupling
impedance.

31
Calibration Procedure using the SIGMA 3-TDM

1. Ensure the SIGMA 3-TDM is connected to the SIGMA 3 as shown in Figure 10.4 below, or refer to the installation
section C-EG44-EM

Figure 10.4: SIGMA 3 -TDM to SIGMA 3 connection

2. From the home page, select "Admin" and enter password (default password is 8421), and press "Enter".

Figure 10.5: SIGMA 3 Home Screen - Admin Mode

32
3. From Home Screen, select "Settings".

Figure 10.6: SIGMA 3 Home Screen - Settings Tab

4. Select " SIGMA 3 & ALARM SETTINGS".

Figure 10.7: SIGMA 3 & Alarm Settings Screen

5. Enter SIGMA 3 ID - this must correspond to the last three digits of the SIGMA 3 serial number (found on the right side of the
SIGMA 3 relay). Then check on “Active” box.

6. The RED pilot light will change to GREEN once communication between the SIGMA 3 and the SIGMA 3-TDM has been suc-
cessfully established.

7. Enter the appropriate System Voltage (L-L) from the available drop down menu.

8. Once complete, "Save Settings", return to the "Home" screen, and press "RESET".
33
 Figure 10.8: SIGMA 3 Home Screen - Admin Mode

Figure 10.9: SIGMA 3 Home Screen - Reset tab

9. Select "Settings" and enter the "SYSTEM CALIBRATION" screen.

34
 Figure 10.10: SIGMA 3 Settings Screen - System Calibration tab

10. Turn "Calibration Mode" ON. Confirm your SIGMA 3 ID is correct and the GREEN pilot light is visible.

Figure 10.11: SIGMA 3 System Calibration Screen

35
11. The “System Calibration” screen provides the following:

a. Given Parameters:
i. Conductance Measurement
ii. Online Coupling Impedance
iii. Low Fluctuating Value
iv. High Fluctuating Value

b. User Inputs:
i. Open Circuit Threshold
ii. Short Circuit Threshold
iii. Low Peak Threshold
iv. High Peak Threshold
v. NGRX Sensor Zero Drift

12. Proceed to enter values for the user inputs as per the following instructions:

a. Open/Short Circuit Thresholds are determined by the “Conductance Measurement”.

i. The Conductance Measurement must be greater than the “Open Circuit Threshold”.
ii. The Conductance Measurement must be less than the “Short Circuit Threshold”.

Conductance Measurement Open Circuit Threshold Short Circuit Threshold

5000 2000 8000
6000 2500 9000
7000 4000 10000
8000 4000 10500
9000 4000 11000
10000 4000 12000
11000 4000 12500
12000 4000 13200

36
 Figure 10.12: Conductance vs Resistance - HF1, Open and Short Circuit

b. Peak Threshold values are determined by the Fluctuating values:

i. “Low Peak Threshold” must be slightly greater than the “Low Fluctuating”.
ii. “High Peak Threshold” must be slightly greater than the “High Fluctuating”.

c. Press “SAVE”.

13. Return to the “Home” screen and press “RESET”. Examine the system for approximately 5 minutes until communications have
reset and confirm that there is no NGR FLT alarm.

*This is typically enough to finalize calibration. In some cases, there may exist a voltage across the NGR but lacks enough current
to trigger measurement mode. This is evident by i) high “Fluctuating Values”, and ii) Neutral-Ground Voltage with minimal cur-
rent, as seen below:

Figure 10.13: SIGMA 3 Status Screen

37
 Figure 10.14: SIGMA 3 System Calibration Screen (NGR FLT)

*If an NGR FLT is still seen, continue:

14. The following formula must be fulfilled:

Online Coupling Impedance > [(V THEORETICAL + Zero Drift) / 255]

Where V THEORETICAL can be identified from the following table:

System Voltage (V) V THEORETICAL (V)

120 24000
240 23000
380 22000
400 21000
415 20000
480 12000
600 12000
690 17000
1050 16000
2200 15500
2400 12000
3300 11800
4200 8000
6600 8000
7200 8000
11000 8000
13800 8000
23000 8000
34500 8000

38
15. Set an appropriate “Zero Drift” value that fulfills the formula above.

16. Press “SAVE”. Return to the “Home” screen and press “RESET”. Examine the system for approximately 5 minutes until
communications have reset and confirm that there is no NGR FLT alarm.

10.2 Warning Concerning Hi-Pot and Dielectric Testing of the System

As the SIGMA 3 monitor relay, NGRXS sensing resistor and ZSCS have undergone and passed high-pot testing at the factory, field
testing of the relay is unnecessary and may damage these components. For any high-pot tests or dielectric withstand tests on the
system conducted in the field, the SIGMA monitor relay, NGRXS sensing resistor and ZSCS must be prepared as described below
to avoid damaging this equipment.

1) Ensure all control circuits are disconnected and insulated.

2) Disconnect the conductor on terminal R of the NGRXS sensing resistor from the SIGMA 3 monitor relay and ensure the
conductor is insulated.

3) Disconnect the conductor on terminal G of the NGRXS sensing resistor from ground and ensure the conductor is
insulated.

4) Disconnect the conductors between the X1 and X2 terminals of the ZSCS and the SIGMA 3 monitor relay and
ensure these conductors are insulated.

5) Disconnect the control power leads from the SIGMA 3 monitor relay and ensure these conductors are insulated

6) Connect short conductors between the L, N and G terminals of the SIGMA 3 monitor relay ensuring that the G
terminal remains connected to ground.

7) Perform the high-pot or dielectric withstand tests required.

8) Reconnect the conductors between the X1 and X2 terminals of the CT and the SIGMA 3 monitor relay.

9) Reconnect the conductor between terminal G of the NGRXS sensing resistor and the appropriate
terminal on the SIGMA 3 monitor relay. Refer to Figure 3.1.

10) Reconnect the conductor from the G terminal on the NGRXS sensing resistor to ground.

11) Remove the conductors added between the L, N and G terminals of the SIGMA monitor relay ensuring that
the G terminal remains connected to ground.

12) Reconnect the conductor from the R terminal of the NGRXS sensing resistor to the appropriate terminal of
the SIGMA 3 monitor relay. Refer to Figure 3.1.

13) Reconnect all control circuits which were disconnected in step 1.

14) Reconnect the control power to the L and N terminals of the SIGMA 3 monitor relay.

39
 11. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Control Power: 110-240 VAC/DC 50/60 Hz 5 VAC or 5 W DC

Electrical Ratings
Maximum: -45% to +10% (60-264 VAC/DC)
Type: Form Z (NO and NC pair)
Main Trip Relay:
Rating: 10 A@240 VAC, 10 A@30 VDC, 1/2 HP@240 VAC
Type: 1 Form C (NO/NC)
Auxiliary Ground Fault Relay:
Rating: 10 A@240 VAC, 8A@24 VDC, 1/2 HP@240 VAC
Type: 1 Form C (NO/NC)
Output Relay Contacts Auxiliary NGR Fault Relay:
Rating: 10 A@240 VAC, 8A@24 VDC, 1/2 HP@240 VAC
Type: 1 Form C (NO/NC)
Pulsing NGR Fault Relay:
Output: Max: 1 A @ 12 VDC
SIGMA 3 Health Type: 1 Form A (NO), Fail-safe Mode
Monitoring Relay
(Watchdog Relay) Rating: 1 A @ 120 VDC
0-1 mA DC (0-100% of Let-
Meter Output through Current Setting)
Electrical Tests Surge test: @ 3 kV Dielectric test: @ 2 kV for 1 minute

NGR Let-Through Current

5-400 A
Settings

Trip Level 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%
Ground Fault Trip Settings
Trip Time 60 - 3150 ms
* Fail-safe (Under-voltage Trip) / Shunt-trip
Operating Modes
Trip Memory On / Trip Memory Off
Frequency 50 / 60 Hz
Temperature Range Operating: -40˚C to +60˚C Storage: -50˚C to +70˚C

All relays are electrically held and are de-energized when control power is OFF.

*Fail-safe: When the fail-safe option is ON, the trip relay is normally energized when control power is ON and is de-energized
in a trip state. When in shunt trip mode, the trip relay is normally de-energized when control power is ON and is energized in a
trip state.

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12. DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS

Figure 12.1: SIGMA 3 Dimensional Drawings

Figure 12.2: SIGMA 3-TDM Dimensional Drawings

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 Figure 12.3: SIGMA 3-TDM Mounting Details

Recommended height to install the SIGMA 3-TDM (Display Module) is between 3 to 5 feet (1-1.5 meters) from the floor to the
center of the SIGMA 3-TDM Display which will allow the user to comfortably set up system parameters, to conduct calibration
procedure and to take advantage of the SIGMA3-TDM functionality.

13. PART NUMBERS

SIGMA 3: Ground Fault & Monitoring Relay

SIGMA 3-TDM: Touchscreen Display Module for SIGMA 3 Ground Fault & Monitoring Relay
NGRXS: Sensing Resistor
TxA ZSCS: T2A, T3A, T6A or T9A Zero Sequence Current Sensors.
Rx-yA ZSCS: R4-17A, R7-13A or R8-26A Zero Sequence Current Sensors.

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 Designed & Manufactured C-EG44EM REV.1 SIGMA 3
in Canada MANUAL

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