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Random Variable and Probability Distribution

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20 views16 pages

Random Variable and Probability Distribution

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Fatymahh 24
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RANDom VARIABLE AND PROBABILITY DisTRIBUTIONS ‘random Variable is a function that associates a real number with each element in pace, In other words, a random variable is a function X:$->R, where $ is the of the random experiment under consideration. the a B sample SPaCe py convention, we use a capital letter, say X, to denote a random variable, and use ponding lower-case letter x to denote the realization (values) of the random the corres variable, ‘A random variable can be defined as a type of variable whose value depends upon the jumerical outcomes of a certain random phenomenon. It is also known as a stochastic triable, Random variables are always real numbers as they are required to be measurable. Random Variable Example Suppose 2 dice are rolled and the random variable, X, is used to represent the sum of the numbers. Then, the smallest value of X will be equal to 2 (1 + 1), while the highest value would be 12 (6 + 6). Thus, X could take on any value between 2 to 12 (inclusive). Now if probabilities are attached to each outcome then the probability distribution of X can be determined. Types of Random Variables Most of the time, statisticians deal with two special kinds of random variables: 1. Discrete random variables 2. Continuous random variables Discrete Random Variables A discrete random variable is a (random) variable whose values take only a finite number of values. The best example of a discrete variable is a dice. Throwing a dice is a Tata Pusticanions & scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Scanner BOA, jormal Distribution ‘Standard Normal Distr jorms of the normal dis ton is one ofthe ri The standard normal instant ero an asad r sean Q and standard dey. mal distributi equal to one. In other words, a normal dist oat ae cated the standard norma ssbibatien- Aso, the SSE mal distribu ee ve egreeto which given messy aad normal distribstoe a knoe aan raed come oa tacore. is poset tanstor £77) Nowa) aR ‘occurs when a normal random variable has © on with centred at zero, and the standard deviation gS deviates from the mean. The random variable of = into a zscore using the following formula z= K-w/s . snes is anormal canciom vacate iste mean of aed Ais he sande Sy TEx. You can also fina the normal distribution formula here. In probability theory ronal or Gaussian distribution is a very common continuous probability distribution, Uses of Standard Normal Distribution 1. The standard normal distribution is a tool to translate a normal distribution iy umbers. Wemay use itt get more information about the data st than was inti known. 2. Standard normal distribution allows us to quickly estimate the probability of specif ‘Values befaling in our distribution or compare datasets with varying means ang standard deviations. 3, Alco, the z-score ofthe standard normal distribution is interpreted as the number of standard deviations a data point als above or below the mean Characteristics of Standard Normal Distribution ‘A escore of a standard normal distribution isa standard score that indicates how ‘many standard deviations are away from the mean an individual value (x) Lies 1 2 3 When z-score is positive, the x-value is greater than the mean. When z-score is negative, the xvalue is less than the mean. When z-score is equal to 0, the

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