ST JOSEPH’S INSTITUTION

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2021

(YEAR 4)

CANDIDATE NAME

CLASS INDEX
NUMBER

CHEMISTRY 6092/01

Paper 1 30 August 2021

Additional Materials : 1 hour

Multiple Choice Answer Sheet (09:45 – 10:45)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, index number and class on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question, there are four
possible answers A, B, C or D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the Answer Sheet.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this Question paper.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 2 of this question paper.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

This document consists of 18 printed pages including this cover page.

2
1 100 cm3 of carbon dioxide, CO2, diffused through a porous pot in 40 seconds. What
would be the time taken for the same volume of ethene gas, C2H4, to diffuse?

A 25 seconds
B 35 seconds
C 40 seconds
D 55 seconds

2 The melting points and the boiling points of four substances are listed in the table
below.

substance melting point / °C boiling point / °C

argon -189 -186
bromine -7 59
chlorine -101 -35
sulfur dioxide -75 -10

Which substance exists as a liquid at -90 °C?

A argon
B bromine
C chlorine
D sulfur dioxide

3 The solubility curves of three salts are shown below. Which salts can be prepared
by crystallisation?
Salt W
solubility Salt X
per 100g of
water

Salt Y

temperature / °C

A W only B Y only
C W and X only D X and Y only

3
4 The diagram below shows the chromatogram of four substances, W, X, Y and Z.

Which of the following statements is correct?

A W contains X and Y.
B X is more soluble than Z.
C Y contains three components.
D Z has a larger Rf value than X.

5 A particle of an isotope of sulfur contains 18 neutrons and 18 electrons.

What is the symbol for this particle?

A 34 2+
16𝑆

B 34 2-
16𝑆

C 36
16𝑆

D 36
18𝑆

4
6 The diagram below shows the valence electrons of element W when combined with
element X.

Which of the following statements is incorrect, given that W is found in period 3 of

the Periodic Table?

A The oxide of W dissolves in water to form a solution which has pH ˃7.

B W can react with lithium to form an ionic compound.
C W cannot conduct electricity in any state.
D W is a solid at room temperature.

7 How do the atomic radii and the intermolecular forces of attraction vary going down
Group VII?

strength of intermolecular
atomic radius
forces of attraction
A decrease decrease
B decrease increase
C increase decrease
D increase increase

5
8 The structure of two different substances are shown below.

substance E substance F

Which option provides the most appropriate description of the two substances?

substance E substance F
A covalent bonds present ionic bonds present
B intermolecular forces not present intermolecular forces present
C simple molecular structure giant molecular structure
D stronger intermolecular forces weaker intermolecular forces

9 Substances X, Y and Z are all solids. Some of their physical properties are given in
the table.

substance X Y Z
melting point / oC 772 114 1610
boiling point / oC 1407 183 2205
electrical
conductivity in the conducts does not conduct does not conduct
liquid state

What type of structure does each substance have?

X Y Z
A giant molecular simple molecular ionic
B ionic giant molecular simple molecular
C ionic simple molecular giant molecular
D simple molecular ionic giant molecular

6
10 When a piece of calcium carbonate is placed in an excess of sulfuric acid, a few
bubbles of carbon dioxide are seen and then the reaction appears to stop. What is
the best explanation for this observation?

A Calcium carbonate is insoluble in water so it is unable to react with the acid.

B Calcium sulfate is produced which is insoluble and prevents the acid from
reaching the calcium carbonate.
C The initial reaction is so fast that the acid is used up very quickly.
D The reaction is endothermic and seems to stop when it cools down.

11 Different indicators change colour over different pH ranges and it is important to

choose the correct indicator to obtain an accurate result in a titration.

pH range for the colour colour

indicator
change lower pH higher pH
indigo carmine 11.6 to 14.0 blue yellow
methyl red 4.2 to 6.3 red yellow
methyl violet 0.3 to 3.0 yellow violet
phenolphthalein 8.2 to 10.0 colourless pink

If a weak alkali is added to a strong acid, the following titration curve is obtained.

pH

volume of weak alkali added in cm3

Which of the indicators below would be the best choice to use in the titration?

A indigo carmine
B methyl red
C methyl violet
D phenolphthalein
7
12 What is the best method to prepare pure silver chloride?

A add aqueous silver nitrate to dilute hydrochloric acid

B add aqueous silver nitrate to lead(II) chloride
C add silver oxide to dilute hydrochloric acid
D add silver to dilute hydrochloric acid

13 Which is the best method to obtain crystals of a pure soluble salt from dilute sulfuric
acid?

A add excess aqueous barium nitrate, filter the mixture, rinse and dry the
residue
B add excess aqueous sodium hydroxide, filter the mixture, heat the filtrate to
saturation
C add excess copper(II) carbonate, filter the mixture, heat the filtrate to
dryness
D add excess zinc oxide, filter the mixture, heat the filtrate to saturation

14 A solution of compound T forms a white precipitate which is soluble in excess

aqueous ammonia.

Upon adding acidified silver nitrate solution, a white precipitate is formed.

What is compound T?

A aluminium chloride
B aluminium sulfate
C zinc chloride
D zinc sulfate

15 A white solid P produces a colourless gas Q on heating. Gas Q forms a white

precipitate with aqueous calcium hydroxide.

Which of the following could solid P be?

A aluminium sulfate
B calcium chloride
C potassium carbonate
D zinc carbonate

8
16 A green solution Z turns yellow on addition of aqueous acidified potassium
manganate(VII) solution. Addition of excess aqueous sodium hydroxide to the
resulting solution causes a reddish brown precipitate to form.

When aluminium foil is added to the resulting mixture and warmed, a gas is evolved
which turns moist red litmus blue.

What is the identity of Z?

A ammonium iodide
B iron(II) iodide
C iron(II) nitrate
D iron(III) nitrate

17 Which statement about the Haber Process is correct?

A Hydrogen is obtained from fractional distillation of liquid air.

B Nitrogen is recycled to increase the yield of ammonia.
C The Haber Process is favoured by low pressure.
D The Haber Process is favoured by high temperature.

18 Which method cannot reduce the amount of pollutant gases that cause acid rain?

A burn fuels with less than 2% sulfur content

B pass exhaust gases through catalytic converters in motor vehicles
C reduce usage of air-conditioners and refrigerants
D use limestone to absorb pollutant gases from factories

19 The pollutants released into the air from car exhausts and some power stations
include oxides of the type XO and YO2.

What are X and Y?

X Y
A carbon only nitrogen only
B carbon only nitrogen and sulfur
C carbon and nitrogen carbon and nitrogen
D carbon and nitrogen carbon, nitrogen and sulfur

9
20 One mole of a sugar, C6H12O6, is burned.

What volume of oxygen, measured at room temperature and pressure, is required

for complete combustion of the sugar?

A 24 dm3
B 36 dm3
C 144 dm3
D 216 dm3

21 The reaction for the conversion of bromoethane to ethanol is shown.

C2H5Br + NaOH → C2H5OH + NaBr

In an experiment, 10.90 g of bromoethane is converted into 3.45 g of ethanol.

What is the percentage yield of ethanol?

A 32 %
B 42 %
C 75 %
D 100 %

22 In a volumetric experiment, 25.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol/dm3 sodium hydroxide reacts

exactly with 20.0 cm3 of sulfuric acid.

2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

What is the concentration of sulfuric acid?

A 0.0625 mol/dm3
B 0.0800 mol/dm3
C 0.125 mol/dm3
D 0.250 mol/dm3

10
23 Iron(II) sulfate is a common nutritional supplement used in treating iron-deficiency
anaemia.

A 5.00 g tablet containing iron(II) sulfate is dissolved in water and excess barium
chloride solution is added. After mixing, 2.89 g of barium sulfate is precipitated out
as white solid.

What is the percentage by mass of iron(II) sulfate in the tablet?

A 18.9 %
B 37.7 %
C 42.2 %
D 57.8 %

24 The graph below shows the variation in boiling points for eight consecutive elements
with atomic numbers less than or equal to 20, in Periods 3 and 4 of the Periodic
Table.

boiling point / °C

atomicnumber
atomic number

What can be deduced from the above?

A Element P has an electronic configuration of 2.8.1.

B Element S has a giant metallic structure.
C Element U exists as diatomic molecules.
D Element V reacts with water to form an alkali.

11
25 Part of the Periodic Table is shown below.

Q
P R

What can be deduced about the three elements, P, Q and R?

A All three elements form ions with the noble gas configuration.
B P has three valence electrons as it is in Period 3.
C P forms a basic oxide, Q forms an amphoteric oxide and R forms an acidic
oxide.
D The formula of the compound formed between P and R is PR.

26 Y is a Group I element in the Periodic Table. Which of the following statements is

true about Y?

A Y reacts vigorously in water to form an oxide of Y.

B Y is a strong reducing agent.
C Y forms coloured compounds.
D Y reacts with hydrogen to form a compound YH2.

27 Which equations below represent redox reactions?

1 H+ + OH- → H2O
2 MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- → Mn2+ + 4H2O
3 Cl2 + 2Br - → Br2 + 2Cl-

A 1 only
B 3 only
C 1 and 2 only
D 2 and 3 only

12
28 In which of the following reactions is the underlined reactant reduced?

A Cu2+ + 2OH− → Cu(OH)2

B 2NH3 + 3CuO → 3Cu + N2 + 3H2O
C SO2 + 2Mg → 2MgO + S
D Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag

29 Separate samples of a solution X is added to aqueous potassium iodide and to

acidified potassium manganate(VII). The iodide ions remain unchanged and the
manganate(VII) ions are reduced in the reaction.

What are the observations?

acidified potassium
aqueous potassium iodide
manganate(VII)
A brown solution turns colourless colourless solution turns purple
B colourless solution turns brown purple solution turns colourless
C solution remains brown solution remains colourless
D solution remains colourless purple solution turns colourless

30 Metals X, Y and Z react in the following ways.

X2SO4 + Z → ZSO4 + 2X

X2CO3 decomposes at a slower rate than YCO3.

What is the reactivity of the metals in decreasing order?

A X, Y, Z
B Y, X, Z
C Z, X, Y
D Z, Y, X

13
31 High carbon steel is used in various manufacturing processes. Which of the following
statements is true about high carbon steel?

A It is hard because the carbon atoms prevent the iron atoms from sliding over
each other easily.
B It is malleable because a large amount of carbon is added.
C It is resistant to corrosion because carbon forms a protective layer over the
iron.
D It is strong because the iron atoms form strong covalent bonds with the
carbon atoms.

32 Four steel paper clips are treated before being placed in a beaker of water. Which
paper clip rusts most quickly?

A coated with grease

B dipped in paint and allowed to dry
C electroplated with zinc
D soldered to a piece of platinum

33 The energy profile diagram for a reaction is shown below.

Which statement about the reaction is correct?

A It is endothermic and the activation energy is P - Q.

B It is endothermic and the activation energy is P - R.
C It is exothermic and the activation energy is P - Q.
D It is exothermic and the activation energy is P - R.

14
34 Which statement about the hydrogen fuel cell is incorrect?

A Chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.

B Hydrogen is oxidised.
C The reaction that occurs in the cell is endothermic.
D Water is the only product of the reaction.

35 A reaction occurs between dilute sulfuric acid and a metal.

Which diagrams show suitable methods for investigating the speed of the reaction?

1 2
stopper cotton wool

X X
Y Y
balance balance

3 4
stopper cotton wool

X X
Y Y

A 1 and 3 only
B 1 and 4 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 2 and 4 only

15
36 The diagram below shows curve X which was obtained by the decomposition of
100 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm-3 hydrogen peroxide using manganese(IV) oxide.

volume of oxygen gas / cm3

Y
X

time / s

Which of the following changes made to the original experiment would produce curve
Y?

A adding 10.0 cm3 of water to hydrogen peroxide

B adding 10.0 cm3 of 0.500 mol dm-3 of hydrogen peroxide
C lowering the temperature of hydrogen peroxide by 10.0 °C
D reducing the mass of manganese(IV) oxide used

37 Different experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of different

concentrations of reactants A, B and C on the rate of reaction.

The table below shows the results of the different experiments.

concentration concentration concentration

rate of reaction
experiment of A of B of C
/ mol dm-3 s-1
/ mol dm-3 / mol dm-3 / mol dm-3
1 0.200 0.300 0.100 0.0281
2 0.200 0.600 0.100 0.0562
3 0.400 0.300 0.100 0.112
4 0.200 0.300 0.200 0.0281
5 0.400 0.900 0.400 ?

Which of the following shows the rate of reaction for experiment 5?

A 0.0562 mol dm-3 s-1

B 0.224 mol dm-3 s-1
C 0.336 mol dm-3 s-1
D 0.448 mol dm-3 s-1

16
38 A student carried out electrolysis and noted the observations:

At the anode, size of electrode decreases.

At the cathode, bubbles of a colourless gas were given off.

Which of the following set of electrolyte and electrodes did the student use?

electrolyte anode cathode

A concentrated calcium chloride solution carbon iron
B concentrated copper(II) sulfate solution iron copper
C dilute calcium chloride solution iron copper
D dilute copper(II) sulfate solution carbon iron

39 The apparatus shown below is connected to a battery.

glass slide carbon electrode

blue litmus paper soaked in

concentrated copper(II) chloride solution

Which statements are correct?

1 Litmus paper at X remains blue but is bleached at Y.

2 A gas is evolved at both X and Y.
3 A pinkish brown solid is deposited at point Y.
4 The electrolyte becomes increasingly dilute.

A 1 and 2 only
B 1 and 3 only
C 1 and 4 only
D 2 and 4 only

17
40 The same number of moles of a molten chloride of a Group I metal, XCl, and a
molten chloride of a Group II metal, YCl2, are separately electrolysed using the
same current for the same period of time.

Which statements about this experiment are correct?

1 The same number of moles of X and Y is deposited.

2 The same number of moles of X and Cl2 is formed.
3 The same number of moles of Y and Cl2 is formed.
4 The same volume of Cl2 is formed for XCl and YCl2, at room temperature
and pressure.

A 1 and 2 only
B 2 and 3 only
C 2 and 4 only
D 3 and 4 only

- End of Paper -

18
 ST JOSEPH’S INSTITUTION
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2021
(YEAR 4)

CANDIDATE NAME

CLASS INDEX
NUMBER

CHEMISTRY 6092/02

Paper 2 20 August 2021

Candidates answer on the Question Paper. 1 hour 45 minutes

No Additional Materials are required. (11:15 – 13:00)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, class and index number on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black fluid ink pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

Section A
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Section B
Answer all three questions, the last question is in the form either/or.
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Candidates are reminded that all quantitative answers should include appropriate units.
Candidates are advised to show all their working in a clear and orderly manner.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 2 of this question paper.

For Examiner’s Use

Section A / 50
B7 / 12
B8 /8
B9 / 10
Total / 80

This document consists of 22 printed pages including this cover page.

 Section A
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.
The total mark for this section is 50.

A1 The chromatogram below shows the results of a paper chromatography experiment.

solvent
front

start
line

(a) Draw a line, labelled S, on the chromatogram to show the solvent level at the
beginning of the experiment. [1]

(b) In this experiment, a locating agent is used on the chromatogram. What is

the purpose of a locating agent?

........................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Use the chromatogram to answer the following questions.

(i) Which substances are impure?

……………………………………...........................................................[1]

(ii) Which substances are pure?

………………........................................................................................[1]

3
 (d) With the aid of a ruler and indicating the measurements on the chromatogram
clearly, calculate the Rf value of the most soluble spot in X.

Rf value = .................................................. [2]

[Total: 6]

A2 This question is about ammonia.

(a) Ammonia is manufactured industrially using the Haber Process and is an

important precursor used in the manufacture of ammonium-based fertilisers.

(i) State the reaction conditions for the Haber Process.

.…………………...………..……………………………………………...…[1]

(ii) Explain why it is not advisable to add ammonium-based fertilisers to

soil which has been limed with calcium hydroxide.

…….…..……………………………...…………………………………………

………………………..……….…………...……………………………………

………………………………………………..…………………………...…[2]
(b) Aqueous ammonia is commonly used to identify cations which are present in
salt solutions.

(i) Describe how aqueous ammonia can be used to identify iron(II) ions.

…………………………………………………..…….………………...………

………………………………………………………………..…………...…[1]

(ii) Write an ionic equation with state symbols to represent the reaction in
(b)(i).

[2]

4
 (c) Aqueous ammonia reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form aqueous
ammonium chloride.

(i) Explain why evaporation to dryness is not suitable to obtain solid

ammonium chloride salt from its salt solution.

……………………….……..………………………………………...…………

……………………………………………………………………..……...…[1]

(ii) Hence, suggest a suitable method used to obtain solid ammonium

chloride salt.

……………………………………………………………………………..…[1]

(d) What is a suitable drying agent that can be used to dry a sample of ammonia
gas?

………………………………………..…………..………………………………….[1]
[Total : 9]

A3 Ethanoic acid is a weak acid and hydrochloric acid is a strong acid.

(a) (i) Define the term ‘acid’.

…………………………..…………………………..………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………….…[1]

(ii) The equation below shows the changes which occur when hydrochloric
acid is dissolved in water.

HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Write the equation with state symbols to show the changes which occur
when ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) is dissolved in water.

[2]

5
(b) Jared conducted two experiments as shown below.

Experiment 1: He added a portion of copper(II) carbonate to excess

dilute hydrochloric acid in a test tube.

Experiment 2: He added a portion of copper(II) oxide to excess dilute

hydrochloric acid in a test tube.

State one similarity and one difference in observations for both experiments.

……………………………………………………………………….…………………

…………………………………………………………………….……………………

…………………………………………………………………….……………………

………………………………………………………………….……………………[2]

(c) The salt formed in (b) is aqueous copper(II) chloride.

Aqueous potassium iodide reacts with aqueous copper(II) chloride to

produce iodine.

(i) Balance the chemical equation for this reaction.

……. KI + ……. CuCl2 → ……. CuI + ……. I2 + ……. KCl [1]

(ii) Is the reaction in (c)(i) a redox reaction?

Explain your answer in terms of oxidation numbers.

……………………………………………………………………………..……

………………………………………………………………………..…………

…………………………………………………………………….…………[2]

6
(d) Complete the method of preparing pure dry crystals of zinc chloride from
dilute hydrochloric acid and a base.

step 1:

Add …..………………………………………………. to dilute hydrochloric acid.

step 2:

…………………...……………………………………………………………………..

step 3:

Heat the …………………….……….. to ……………………………………, leave

the solution to cool.

Collect the crystals by filtration.

step 4:

…………………………………………..…………………..………………………….

.……………………………………………………………………….……………...[4]

[Total: 12]

7
A4 Two experiments are carried out to investigate the rate of reaction between excess
powdered zinc carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid.

The results are shown in the graph below.

In Experiment 1, 30.0 cm3 of 0.500 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid is used.

volume of carbon dioxide / cm3

Experiment 1

Experiment 2

0 time / min

(a) Below shows the suggestions by two students to modify Experiment 1 to

obtain the graph for Experiment 2.

Student A: The concentration of the hydrochloric acid should be decreased.

Student B: Use granulated zinc carbonate granules.

Comment on the suggestions made by the students.

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................[2]

(b) (i) Besides the factors in (a), suggest one other factor that can be
changed to produce the graph in Experiment 2.

..…………………………..………………….…………………………...…[1]

8
 (ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i) in terms of reacting particles.

………………………….…………………….…………………………………

………………………….…………………….…………………………………

………………………….………..…………..…………………………………

……………………………………………..……………………………...…[2]

[Total: 5]

A5 The diagrams below show two separate experiments involving a piece of

magnesium and a piece of iron.

magnesium iron magnesium iron

aqueous zinc nitrate aqueous copper(II) sulfate

Experiment 1 Experiment 2

(a) Describe and explain an observation made in Experiment 1.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….…[2]

(b) State and explain one observation that would be made in Experiment 2 but
not in Experiment 1.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….…[2]

9
(c) Experiment 3 was conducted as shown in the diagram below.

magnesium piece
(in contact with iron) iron

aqueous zinc nitrate

Experiment 3

(i) State and explain an observation that is made in Experiment 3 that is

different from Experiments 1 and 2.

………………………...…….…………..…………...…………………………

………………………….……...……..…………………...……………………

…………………………………..……………………………..………....…[2]

(ii) A student replaced the piece of magnesium used in Experiment 3 with

a piece of old aluminium found in the laboratory. There was no visible
reaction.

Suggest a reason why there was no visible reaction and explain your
answer.

………………………….……………….…………...…………………………

………………………….………..………..……….……...……………………

………………………………………………..………………..………....…[2]

[Total: 8]

10
A6 A chemist carried out two different electrolysis investigations with different
concentrations of sodium chloride solution.

concentrated dilute sodium

sodium chloride chloride
solution solution
carbon carbon
carbon electrodes
electrode electrode

electrical
source
Experiment 1 Experiment 2

(a) (i) Write the half-equation, with state symbols, for the reaction at the
anode for Experiment 1.

[1]

(ii) Explain your answer to (a)(i).

……………………………………………………..……………………………

………………………………………………..…………………………...…[1]

(iii) In Experiment 2, 25 cm3 of gas is produced at the cathode.

What volume of gas is produced at the anode?

………………………………………………..……………………………...[1]

(b) The electricity supplied by the electrical source is generated from a coal-
burning power station.

(i) Name the air pollutant that is formed from burning coal that causes
acid rain.

…………………………………………..…………………………………...[1]

11
 (ii) Explain, using relevant equations, how the air pollutant in (b)(i) forms
acid rain.

……………………………………………………..……………………………

……………………………………………………..……………………………

……………………………………………………..……………………………

……………………………………………………..……………………………

...……………………………………………………..………………………[2]

(iii) What is the process used to reduce the release of the pollutant in (b)(i)
into the atmosphere?

……………………………………………………………..………………...[1]

(c) Hydrogen gas is produced in both Experiments 1 and 2. It can be used as a

fuel and is a more environmentally friendly fuel than petrol.

(i) Explain why hydrogen is an environmentally friendly fuel.

……………………………………………………………..……………………

……………………………………………………………..……………......[1]

(ii) Explain why the burning of petrol in excess oxygen is harmful to the
environment.

………………………………………………………………..…………………

…………………………………………………………………..………………

………………………………...……………………………..………………[2]

[Total: 10]

12
 Section B
Answer all three questions in this section.
The last question is in the form of an either/or and only one of the alternatives should be
attempted

B7 The standard reduction potential (E°) of a substance measures the likelihood that a
substance is reduced.

The E° value of a substance can be measured by connecting the electrode of the

substance being measured to a ‘standard hydrogen electrode’ at standard conditions
of 25 °C and 1 atm. The 'standard hydrogen electrode' is used as a reference
electrode and has a E° value of 0.00 V.

The diagram below shows the set-up used to measure the standard electrode
potential of a substance.

voltmeter

hydrogen gas salt bridge

standard hydrogen
electrode electrode of
substance
measured
platinum
electrode
1 mol/dm3 1 mol/dm3 solution
+
solution of H containing ions of
ions the substance
being measured

Table 1 shows the electrode reactions and E° values of some metals. The more
negative the E° value, the more easily a substance is reduced. Conversely, the more
positive the E° value, the more easily a substance is oxidised.

Table 1

metal electrode reaction E° / V

copper Cu2+(aq) + 2e− ⇌ Cu(s) +0.34
iron Fe3+(aq) + 3e− ⇌ Fe(s) -0.04
magnesium Mg2+(aq) + 2e− ⇌ Mg(s) -2.38
nickel Ni2+(aq) + 2e− ⇌ Ni(s) -0.25
sodium Na+(aq) + e− ⇌ Na(s) -2.71
zinc Zn2+(aq) + 2e− ⇌ Zn(s) -0.76

13
When different compounds of metals are heated strongly, they decompose
differently. Tables 2 and 3 below show how different compounds of metals
decompose.

Table 2: Decomposition of carbonates

metal carbonate products

sodium carbonate -
zinc carbonate zinc oxide and carbon dioxide
copper(II) carbonate copper(II) oxide and carbon dioxide

Table 3: Decomposition of nitrates

metal nitrate products

sodium nitrate sodium nitrite and oxygen
zinc nitrate zinc oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen
copper(II) nitrate copper(II) oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen

The carbonates of the metals in Table 1 were heated strongly and the time taken for
50 cm3 of gas to be collected in a gas syringe was measured for each carbonate.
The results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4

metal carbonate time taken to collect 50 cm3 of gas / s

copper(II) carbonate 44
iron(III) carbonate 85
magnesium carbonate 221
nickel(II) carbonate ?
sodium carbonate no gas produced
zinc carbonate 153

14
(a) (i) What is the relationship between the E° value and reactivity of metals?

………………………………….……………………………………….………

……………………………………………………….…………….……...…[1]

(ii) Hence, arrange the metals in Table 1 in order of increasing reactivity.

……………………………………………………………….…….……...…[1]

(b) (i) Some E° values are shown below.

-2.55 V -0.44 V +0.16 V +0.80 V

What is the most suitable E° value for silver?

Explain your reasoning.

………………………………….………..………….…………….……………

……………………………………………………….…………….……...…[1]

(ii) Write the equation for the electrode reaction for silver.

[1]

(c) Suggest the purpose of the salt bridge used in the set-up to measure the
standard electrode potential.

………………………………….……………………………………..………………..

…………………………….….…………………………………………..………….[1]

(d) Compare between the decomposition of carbonates and the decomposition of

nitrates.

………………………………….……………………………………..………………..

………………………………….……………………………………..………………..

………………………………….……………………………………..………………..

………………………………….……………………………………..………………..

…………………………….….…………………………………………..………….[2]

15
(e) What products could be formed from the decomposition of potassium nitrate?

Explain your reasoning.

………………………………………..…..…………………………………………….

………………………………………..…..…………………………………………….

…………………………….………………..…………….…………………….……[2]

(f) (i) Predict the time taken to collect 50 cm3 of gas for nickel(II) carbonate.

……………………………………………………….…………….……...…[1]

(ii) Does the data in Table 4 support your answer in (a)(ii)?

Explain your answer using relevant information from the table.

………………………………….………..………….…………….……………

………………………………….………..………….…………….……………

………………………………….………..………….…………….……………

……………………………………………………………….…….……...…[2]

[Total: 12]

16
B8 The tables below show the atomic radii of elements in Group I and Group VII of the
Periodic Table.

Table 1 Table 2

Group I Group VII

atomic radius / atomic radius /
element element
pm pm
Li 152 F 64
Na 186 Cl 99
K 231 Br 114
Rb 244 I 133

(a) (i) What do you observe about the atomic radius of a Group I element
compared to a Group VII element in the same period?

…………………………………………………………………….....…………

………………………………………………………………...…..…………[1]

(ii) Explain your answer in (a)(i).

……………………………………………………………...………..…………

………………………………………………………………….....……………

……………………………………………………………………..…...………

……………………………………………………………………..………...[2]

(b) State the trend in reactivity of the elements down Group I.

Explain and support your answer using information from Table 1.

……………………………………………………………...……………………..……

……………………………………………………………...……………………..……

……………………………………………………………...……………………..……

……………………………………………………………...……………………..……

……………………………………………………………………...…………..………

……………………………………………………………………...…………..………

………………………………………………………………………………..……...[3]

17
(c) State the trend for the melting points of the elements down Group VII.

Explain your answer.

……………………………………………………………………...…………..………

……………………………………………………………………...………..…………

……………………………………………………………………...…………..………

……………………………………………………………………...…………..……[2]

[Total: 8]

18
B9 EITHER

Hydrogen gas is used as a fuel in rockets and it undergoes combustion in the engine
to form water vapour as shown in the equation below.

2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g)

In Experiment 1, 40.0 g of hydrogen gas was reacted with 30.0 g of oxygen gas to
form water vapour.

(a) Calculate the mass of water vapour formed in Experiment 1.

[3]

(b) Draw the energy profile diagram for Experiment 1.

Indicate the enthalpy change, ∆H, and activation energy, Ea, on the diagram
clearly.

[3]

19
(c) Karl suggested adding a suitable catalyst to lower the enthalpy change of the
reaction in Experiment 1.

Do you agree with Karl? Explain your answer.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….[2]

(d) Experiment 2 was carried out and the equation for the reaction is shown
below.

2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)

The energy involved for the above reaction was found to be higher than that
of the earlier reaction in Experiment 1.

(i) Describe the change in movement of the particles in the reaction for
Experiment 2.

…………………………………………………………………..………………

…………………………………………………………………..…………...[1]

(ii) Suggest a reason why the energy for the reaction in Experiment 2 was
higher than Experiment 1.

…………………………………………………………………..………………

…………………………………………………………………..………………

…………………………………………………………………..…………...[1]

[Total: 10]

20
B9 OR

The table below shows some information about some elements in Period 2.

element carbon nitrogen fluorine neon

giant simple simple

structure monatomic
molecular molecular molecular

electrical
good poor poor poor
conductivity

boiling point / °C 3800 -196 -188 -246

(a) Explain why neon exists as single atoms but fluorine as molecules.

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) When liquid nitrogen boils, the following change occurs.

N≡N(l) → N≡N(g)

Explain why the boiling point of nitrogen is very low even though the bonds
between the atoms in a nitrogen molecule are very strong.

............................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) (i) Which form of carbon, diamond or graphite, is shown in the table?

Explain your reasoning.

…………………………………………………………………..………………

…………………………………………………………………..…………...[1]

(ii) Explain your answer in (c)(i) terms of structure.

…………………………………………………………………..………………

…………………………………………………………………..………………

…………………………………………………………………..…………...[2]

21
(d) (i) Carbon reacts with fluorine and hydrogen to form difluoroethene,
C2H2F2, a hazardous chemical that is toxic when inhaled.

Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram to represent the bonding in

difluoroethene, showing only valence electrons.

[2]

(ii) Compare the structure and bonding present between the carbon
sample in (c)(i) and difluoroethene.

…………………………………………………………………..………………

…………………………………………………………………..………………

…………………………………………………………………..…………...[2]

[Total: 10]

- End of Paper -

22
 ST JOSEPH’S INSTITUTION
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2020
(YEAR 4)

CANDIDATE NAME

CLASS INDEX
NUMBER

CHEMISTRY 6092/01

Paper 1 18 September 2020

Additional Materials : 1 hour

Multiple Choice Answer Sheet (08:00 – 09:00)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, index number and class on the Answer Sheet provided in the spaces
provided.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question, there are four
possible answers A, B, C or D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate
Multiple Choice Answer Sheet.

Read the instructions on the Multiple Choice Answer Sheet provided very carefully.

Write your name, class and index number on the Multiple Choice Answer Sheet provided and
shade the corresponding spaces provided.
Write in pencil.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this Question paper.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 2 of this question paper.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

For Examiner’s Use

This document consists of 18 printed pages including this cover page.

1 The four statements below describe the arrangement and movement of particles in
a substance.

1 closely packed, regular arrangement

2 moving at high speeds randomly
3 roll and slide over one another
4 vibrating about fixed positions

Which of the following changes describe the process of sublimation?

A 1 to 3
B 2 to 3
C 3 to 4
D 4 to 2

2 An experiment was set up as shown in the diagram.

distilled water

aqueous
aqueous coppersulfate
copper(II) sulfate

After a few days, the liquid in the jar had the same colour throughout. The movement
of certain particles resulted in this observation. Which particles were these?

A copper(II) ions and sulfate ions

B copper(II) ions, sulfate ions and water molecules
C copper(II) sulfate molecules and water molecules
D water molecules

3
3 Camphor is a substance used in skin ointments and a sample of it is found to contain
impurities like iron(III) oxide, iron and sodium chloride.

The table below shows the effects of three different types of liquids on these
substances.

dilute
substance water ethanol nitric acid

camphor no effect dissolves no effect

iron no effect no effect reacts to give solution
iron(III) oxide no effect no effect reacts to give solution
sodium chloride dissolves no effect dissolves

Which is the best method to obtain pure camphor from the sample?

A Add dilute nitric acid, add ethanol, filter and crystallise.

B Add dilute nitric acid, filter and crystallise.
C Add ethanol, filter, rinse and dry.
D Add water, filter, add dilute nitric acid to residue, filter, rinse and dry.

4 The Rf values of some substances are shown below. The solvent used is ethanol.

substance Rf value
X 0.20
Y 0.80
Z 0.45

Which of the following cannot be concluded from the Rf value of X?

A Substance X is less soluble in ethanol than Y and Z.

B Substance X will have the same Rf value when the solvent is changed to
water.
C The distance travelled by X is one-fifth the distance travelled by ethanol.
D The distance travelled by Y is four times the distance travelled by X.

4
5 The following shows the nuclei symbol for three elements represented by the letters
P, Q and R.
40 P 39 Q 40 R
19 19 20

What can be deduced about P, Q and R?

A P and R are isotopes.

B P has the same nucleon number as Q.
C Q and R have the same number of neutrons.
D Q has a different number of protons from P.

6 What is the mass and charge of a particle that has 33 protons, 44 neutrons and 36
electrons?

mass charge
A 77 3+
B 77 3-
C 80 3+
D 80 3-

7 The diagram below shows the valence electrons of element W when combined with
element X.

Which of the following statements is incorrect, given that W is found in Period 3 of

the Periodic Table?

A W can react with lithium to form an ionic compound.

B W can react with oxygen to form an ionic compound.
C W cannot conduct electricity in any state.
D W is a solid at room temperature.

5
8 Chloroform, CHCl3, is an important solvent used in many organic reactions. The
following diagram shows the bonding present in a molecule of CHCl3.

How many electrons in a molecule of CHCl3 are not involved in bonding?

A 24
B 26
C 50
D 52

9 Compound X contains two elements, metal Y and non-metal Z.

X consists of a lattice of positive ions and negative ions. Each positive ion is
surrounded by eight negative ions and each negative ion is surrounded by four
positive ions.

Which ions are present and what is the formula of compound X?

ions present formula of compound X

A Y+ and Z2- Y2Z
B Y2+ and Z- YZ2
C Z+ and Y2- Z2Y
D Z2+ and Y- ZY2

6
10 In Period 2, element M has n protons and can form M2+ ions. Element N has (n + 3)
protons.

M reacts with N to form ………………………………………...

A a covalent compound, MN2

B a covalent compound, M3N2
C an ionic compound, MN2
D an ionic compound, M3N2

11 How many oxygen atoms are present in 18 g of glucose C6H12O6?

A 3.6 x 1023
B 6.0 x 1023
C 6.0 x 1024
D 14.4 x 1024

12 2.76 g of gaseous nitrogen oxide occupies 720 cm 3 at room temperature and

pressure. What is the molecular formula of this gas?

A NO2
B N2O
C N2O4
D N2O5

13 The relative molecular mass, Mr, of copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4, is 160.

What is the percentage by mass of water in copper(II) sulfate crystals, CuSO4.5H2O?

18 x 100
A
160
5 x 18 x 100
B
160 + 18
18 x 100
C
160 + 18
5 x 18 x 100
D
160 + (5 x 18)

7
14 25.00 cm3 of a solution of acidified iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4, was titrated with 0.0200
mol dm−3 potassium manganate(VII). The average volume used was 27.40 cm3.
The equation for the reaction is shown.

MnO4– + 8H+ + 5Fe2+ → Mn2+ + 4H2O + 5Fe3+

What is the concentration of the iron(II) sulfate solution?

A 4.38 × 10–3 mol dm−3

B 2.19 × 10–2 mol dm−3
C 9.12 × 10–2 mol dm−3
D 1.10 × 10–1 mol dm−3

15 Which of the following pairs of substances react with dilute sulfuric acid to give visible
results?

A ammonium chloride and sodium carbonate

B barium chloride and sodium carbonate
C barium nitrate and sodium chloride
D magnesium and sodium chloride

16 Salts X and Y are separately dissolved in water.

Samples of the solutions obtained are separately tested with dilute hydrochloric acid
and aqueous sodium hydroxide.

In two of the four tests, a gaseous product is formed. No precipitate is formed in any
of the four tests.

What are salts X and Y?

X Y
A AgNO3 Ba(NO3)2
B AgNO3 NH4Cl
C Na2CO3 Ba(NO3)2
D Na2CO3 NH4Cl

8
17 Which of the following oxides is insoluble in aqueous sodium hydroxide?

A calcium oxide
B carbon dioxide
C lead(II) oxide
D sulfur dioxide

18 The metal rubidium is below potassium in Group I of the Periodic Table. Which
statement is most likely to be correct?

A Rubidium has a higher melting point than potassium.

B Rubidium has a higher tendency to be oxidised than potassium.
C Rubidium is less dense than potassium.
D Rubidium reacts less vigorously in water than potassium.

19 A student did a series of experiments in which a halogen was displaced from a salt
by the addition of another halogen. Which result was incorrect?

halogen salt halogen produced

A Br2 KCl Cl2
B Br2 KI I2
C Cl2 KBr Br2
D Cl2 KI I2

20 Compound X is made up of two elements from Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Both
elements have low melting points (excluding argon) in the period.

What is the formula of compound X?

A MgS
B NaCl
C SiCl4
D SiS2

9
21 Some methods to prevent the corrosion of metals are:

1 Painting
2 Sacrificial protection with zinc blocks
3 Tin plating

Which of the following options indicates the correct method for the prevention of
corrosion of metals used for the objects listed below?

Hulls of ship Car body Food container

A 1 2 3
B 1 3 2
C 2 1 3
D 3 2 1

22 A yellow coloured metal oxide was placed into a glass tube and heated strongly
while hydrogen gas was passed over it.

The resulting solid dissolved partially when shaken in excess dilute sulfuric acid.

What could be the identity of the metal oxide and the reaction which took place in
the glass tube?

metal oxides reaction

A copper(II) oxide reduction
B lead(II) oxide reduction
C sodium oxide oxidation
D zinc oxide oxidation

10
23 What are the main gases that escaped from the top of the blast furnace during the
extraction of iron from its ore?

A carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen

B carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen
C carbon dioxide, oxygen, sulfur dioxide
D nitrogen, oxygen, steam

24 Which of the following reactions does not involve oxidation or reduction?

A 2Ag + Br2 → 2AgBr

B 2CO + O2 → 2CO2
C Na2CO3 + ZnCl2 → 2NaCl + ZnCO3
D Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

25 The reaction between bromide ions and bromate(V) ions is represented by the
following equation:

5Br - + BrO3- + 6H+ → 3Br2 + 3H2O

Which of the following is true about the reaction?

A Hydrogen ions are reduced to water.

B The bromate(V) ion has undergone reduction.
C The bromide ion is the oxidizing agent.
D The oxidation number of bromine in bromate(V) ions is +3.

26 Joe wanted to convert MnO4- ions to MnO2. Which of the following reagents should
he use to carry out the conversion?

A aqueous iron(III) chloride

B aqueous potassium iodide
C aqueous potassium manganate(VII)
D chlorine

11
27 In which of the following reactions would the rate of reaction be least affected by a
change in pressure?

A 2CO(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g)

B Fe(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2FeCl2(aq) + H2(g)
C 2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g)
D N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)

28 Identical amounts of calcium carbonate were added to 100 cm 3 of excess

hydrochloric acid of various concentrations in separate conical flasks. The time taken
for 50 cm3 of gas to be collected was noted.

The experiment was repeated at the same temperature, but this time, 1 g of
magnesium oxide was added to each volume. The results were recorded as shown
below:

time taken for 50 cm3 of gas to be

collected (min)
initial concentration of
without with magnesium
hydrochloric acid (mol/dm3)
magnesium oxide oxide
1.0 3.5 5.5
1.5 2.0 3.5
2.0 1.5 2.0

Which of the following statements is true of the above experiments?

A Calcium carbonate reacts with magnesium oxide.

B Magnesium oxide acts as a catalyst.
C Magnesium oxide causes calcium carbonate to break up into smaller pieces.
D The addition of magnesium oxide decreases the concentration of hydrogen
ions.

12
29 Three experiments are carried out to study the speed of reaction between zinc
powder and hydrochloric acid.

The graphs below show the volume of hydrogen gas produced against time. In all
three experiments, the same volume and concentration of hydrochloric acid are used
and zinc powder reacts completely.

Volume
of H2/
cm3

Time/ s

Which of the following statements is correct?

A Reaction 2 is faster than reaction 1 with a greater mass of zinc used.

B Reaction 2 is faster than reaction 1 with lesser mass of zinc used.
C Reaction 3 is slower than reaction 2 with a greater mass of zinc used.
D Reaction 3 is slower than reaction 2 with the same mass of zinc used.

13
30 The diagram below shows how ammonia is manufactured in the Haber process.

Raw material P Gas R

Reaction
chamber
and catalyst
Raw material Q Gas S
cooled and unreacted
compressed gases

Liquid
ammonia

Which of the following correctly identifies P, Q, R and S?

P Q R S

A nitrogen
air hydrogen nitrogen
monoxide
B air petroleum nitrogen hydrogen
C petroleum air nitrogen hydrogen
D water nitric acid hydrogen nitrogen

31 To reduce atmospheric pollution, the waste gases from a coal-burning power station
are passed through powdered calcium carbonate.

Which waste gas will not be removed by the powdered calcium carbonate?

A carbon dioxide
B nitrogen monoxide
C phosphorus(V) oxide
D sulfur dioxide

14
32 The diagram below represents a section of a catalytic converter in the exhaust
system of a car. Harmful gases are converted into carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water
vapour.
sealing

exhaust harmless
gases gases

catalyst

Which processes take place in this converter?

I Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons react together.

2 Carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen react together.
3 Platinum and rhodium catalyse redox reactions.

A 1 only
B 1 and 2 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1, 2 and 3

33 Which of the following is true of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)?

A CFCs form acid rain which destroys aquatic life.

B CFCs reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation entering the atmosphere.
C The fluorine and chlorine atoms from CFCs breakdown ozone.
D The presence of CFCs in the atmosphere leads to higher instances of skin
cancer in human beings.

15
34 Which of the following correctly shows the source and the effect of the given
pollutant?

pollutant source effect

incomplete combustion
A carbon monoxide global warming
of fossil fuels
B methane photochemical smog global warming
decay of vegetable
C nitrogen dioxide acid rain
matter
combustion of fossil
D sulfur dioxide acid rain
fuels

35 In which equation is the sign of enthalpy, ∆H, correctly shown?

equation ∆H
A 2AgCl(s) → 2Ag(s) + Cl2(g) positive
B CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) positive
C H2(g) → 2H(g) negative
D H2O(s) → H2O(l) negative

36 Which of the following energy profile diagrams shows the fastest exothermic
reaction?

A B

energy energy

reaction pathway reaction pathway

C D

energy energy

reaction pathway reaction pathway

16
37 The energy change during a reaction is illustrated by the energy profile diagram
below.
energy

progress of reaction
In which of the following situations will a reaction not occur between the reactant
particles?

A when the particles collide with an energy level equal to Y

B when the particles collide with an energy level equal to Z
C when the particles collide with an energy level exactly equal to X
D when the particles collide with an energy level greater than or equal to X

38 The apparatus shown below is used to investigate the electrolysis of concentrated

hydrochloric acid. Two different gases are obtained and collected at syringes M and
N.

Which statement is true about the above electrolysis?

A Copper is used as both electrodes.

B The gas collected in syringe M is soluble in water.
C The gas collected in syringe N will turn moist blue litmus red, then bleaches
it.
D The pH of the electrolyte decreases after the electrolysis has been carried
out for some time.

17
39 A student set up three different electrochemical cells, each cell containing two of the
metals, W, Y and Z, immersed in an electrolyte. The table below shows the voltage
and the positive terminal of each chemical cell.

Electrochemical Cell Metals Used Voltage / V Positive Terminal

1 Z and Y +1.60 Y
2 W and Y +1.10 W
3 W and Z +2.70 W

Which is the order of decreasing reducing power of the metals W, Y and Z?

A Y>W>Z
B Y>Z>W
C Z>Y>W
D W>Y>Z

40 Which of the following is the most appropriate set-up to electroplate a sheet of tin
with a layer of silver?

Anode Cathode Electrolyte

A sheet of tin silver metal aqueous silver nitrate
B sheet of tin silver metal aqueous tin(II) nitrate
C silver metal sheet of tin aqueous silver nitrate
D silver metal sheet of tin aqueous tin(II) nitrate

-End of Paper-

18
 ST JOSEPH’S INSTITUTION
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2020
(YEAR 4)

CANDIDATE NAME

CLASS INDEX
NUMBER

CHEMISTRY 6092/02

Paper 2 15 September 2020

Candidates answer on the Question Paper. 1 hour 45 minutes

No Additional Materials are required. (08:00 – 09:45)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, class and index number on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black fluid ink pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

Section A
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Section B
Answer all three questions, the last question is in the form either/or.
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Candidates are reminded that all quantitative answers should include appropriate units.
Candidates are advised to show all their working in a clear and orderly manner.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 2 of this question paper.

For Examiner’s Use

Section A / 50
B8 / 10
B9 / 10
B10 / 10
Total / 80

This document consists of 25 printed pages including this cover page.

Section A (50 marks)
Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

A1 A sample of pure air is drawn through the apparatus as shown below.

air to
Z suction
pump
heated
copper
X Y

anhydrous limewater
copper(II) sulfate

(a) Describe and explain what you would observe at positions labelled X, Y
and Z.

X - ………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….[2]

Y - ………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….[2]

Z - ………………….……………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….[2]

3
(b) Name 2 main gases that will be collected at the suction pump, assuming
that at X, Y and Z, the respective gases in air have been totally removed.

................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Air can also be separated into its main components using fractional
distillation. The table below shows some of the melting and boiling
points of substances (labelled as P, Q and R) found in pure air.

substance melting point boiling point

/ °C / °C
P -218 -183
Q -189 -180
R -210 -196

(i) Draw the arrangement of the particles for substances P and R

when they are at -190 °C.

[2]

4
(ii) The heating graph for substance Q is as shown below. Fill in the
blanks for the missing labels.

Temperature / °C

State : ………………………

State : ……………………………….

Time / s
[2]
Explain why the temperature remains constant between B and C
and between D and E.
……………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………..[1]
[Total: 12]

5
A2 Some metal carbonates undergo thermal decomposition to form carbon
dioxide.
The table below contains the decomposition temperatures of three metal
carbonates.

Metal carbonates Decomposition temperature / oC

CaCO3 900
CuCO3 290
X2CO3 Does not decompose

(a) Suggest the identity of metal X.

................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Calcium carbonate is an important raw material in the extraction of iron

using a blast furnace. Explain with the aid of equations, the role of
calcium carbonate in the blast furnace.

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

….............................................................................................................[2]

(c) The diagram shows a ballpoint pen.

6
 (i) Give one advantage of recycling the materials from this type of
ballpoint pen.

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

.......................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Alloys are often used to make ballpoint pens. Explain why.

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

.......................................................................................................[2]

(d) A method of preventing the steel from rusting is to coat the steel with
zinc.
Explain why zinc coated steel does not rust even when the coating is
scratched and the steel is in contact with oxygen and water.

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

….............................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]

7
A3 The atomic radii of the first five elements in Group I of the Periodic Table are
given in the table below.

element atomic radius / nm

Li 0.152
Na 0.185
K 0.227
Rb 0.247
Cs 0.265

(a) (i) In metals, the atoms are held together by metallic bonding.
Define the term ‘metallic bonding’.

…………………………………………………………………………......

.......................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Use the information from the table and your knowledge of bonding
in metals to explain the trend in the reactivity of the Group I
metals, going down the group.

…………………………………………………………………………......

……………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………......

.......................................................................................................[2]

(b) Potassium reacts with water as shown in the equation.

2K(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g)

A sample of 0.195 g of potassium was added to 500 cm 3 of cold water.

When the reaction was completed, 100 cm3 of 0.100 mol/dm3 sulfuric acid
was added to form solution X.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of hydroxide ions that were formed
when the sample of potassium was added to water.

[1]

8
 (ii) Calculate the mass of the salt formed.

[3]

[Total: 7]
A4 Use the information in the table to answer the questions.

element formula(e) of density of volume of 1 mole

oxide(s) element at r.t.p. of atoms at r.t.p.
in g/cm3 in cm3

A A2O, A2O2 0.00008 12 000

B None formed 0.00346 24 000
C C2O 0.53 13.20
D D2O 0.97 23.71
E EO2, EO3 2.07 15.46
F F2O3 3.00 15.00
G GO, G2O3 7.86 7.11

(a) Which two elements are in the same group of the Periodic Table?
Explain your reason.

……………………………………………………………………………..……..

………………………………………………………………………………..…..

……………………………………………………………………………..……..

…………………………………………………………………………….….…..

…….…………………………………………………………………….…….[1]

9
(b) Using information in the third and fourth column, calculate the mass of 1
mole of F and identify F.

[2]

(c) A metal X was reacted with excess dilute hydrochloric acid to form a
chloride and hydrogen gas according to the equation as shown.

X + 2HCl XCl2 + H2

When 0.190 g of metal X was added to dilute hydrochloric acid, 70.0 cm3
of hydrogen gas was produced at room temperature and pressure.
Assuming that metal X is pure and that the reaction has a yield of 100%,
identify metal X by showing all relevant calculations.

[3]

[Total : 6]

10
A5 Sodium hydrogensulfite, NaHSO3, reacts with zinc to form sodium dithionite,
Na2S2O4, and zinc hydroxide. The equation for the reaction is shown below.
2 NaHSO3 + Zn → Na2S2O4 + Zn(OH)2
(a) Name the substance that is the oxidising agent and explain your choice
in terms of oxidation number.

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….[2]

(b) Sodium dithionite also undergoes alkaline hydrolysis to form sodium

sulphite, sodium sulfide and water. The equation is shown below.
3 Na2S2O4 + 6NaOH → 5 Na2SO3 + Na2S + 3H2O

Show that this is a disproportionation reaction, where the same

substance undergoes both oxidation and reduction.

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 4]

11
A6 When ethanol (C2H5OH) is burnt, carbon dioxide and water vapour are formed
as products. The equation for the reaction is as shown below:

2C2H5OH + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O

(a) (i) Explain, in terms of bond breaking and bond formation, why the
combustion of ethanol is exothermic.

……………………………………………..………………………………

……………………………………………..………………………………

……………………………………..………………………………………

…………………………………..………………………………………[2]

(ii) Draw the energy profile diagram for the reaction, labelling the
activation energy (Ea) and enthalpy change (∆H) clearly.

[3]

12
 (b) Ethanol (C2H5OH) is produced by fermentation of glucose from plant
sources. The equation for the fermentation reaction is shown below:

C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

The ethanol from this process is considered a “carbon neutral” fuel.
Explain how this is true.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………[2]

[Total: 7]

A7 A student conducted experiments to find out the speed of reaction between

three different acids with excess potassium carbonate.

Experiment I: 20 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 ethanoic acid

Experiment II: 20 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid
Experiment III: 20 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 sulfuric acid

(a) Use ideas about collision between particles to explain how the rates of
reactions would differ when using powdered potassium carbonate
instead of granules of potassium carbonate.

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

................................................................................................................[2]

13
(b) A student thinks that manganese(IV) oxide could act as a catalyst for the
above reactions. Describe what he should do to show that
manganese(IV) oxide is a catalyst.

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Sketch the graph of volume of gas against time for experiment II and III
that you would expect to obtain. You must include all relevant labels in
your graph.

[3]
[Total: 7]

14
Section B (30 marks)
Answer three questions from this section in the spaces provided. The last
question is in the form of an either / or question. Attempt only one of the two
questions.

B8 A student carried out two separate experiments using different electrodes in

the laboratory. In each experiment, he electrolysed 2.00 dm 3 of aqueous
silver nitrate containing 2.68 g of silver ions. The increase in mass of the
cathode was weighed every 5 minutes for 50 minutes.

The diagram below shows the results of the two experiments.

(a) Describe how the mass of silver deposited at the cathode changes with
time in Experiment 1.

(i)
…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………….........

…………………………………………………………………….…[1]

(ii) Write the half equation for the formation of silver at the cathode
for both experiments.

……………………………………………………………………….[1]

15
 (iii) One possible reason for the different results obtained in the
above experiments is the use of different materials as the
anode. Suggest suitable substances that can be used to make
the anodes of Experiment 1 and 2.

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………….[2]

(iv) Using your answers in (iii), explain the shape of the graph in
Experiment 2.

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………….[2]

(v) Suggest a reason why the initial gradient of the graphs for
Experiment 1 is higher than that of Experiment 2.

…………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………….[1]

(vi) Write the half equation for the reaction at the anode for
Experiment 2.

……………………………………………………………………….[1]

(b) A circuit was connected as shown in the diagram below and a current
passed through it for a period of time.

aqueous copper(II) nitrate molten cerium chloride

16
Given that 12.8 g of copper and 14.0 g of cerium were deposited at
electrodes B and D respectively, calculate the charge of cerium ion.

[2]

[Total: 10]

17
B9 The graph below shows the mass of common gaseous pollutants released
from the catalytic converter at different speeds of a car. When more fuel is
burnt, the car moves faster.

(a) (i) Which pollutant shows an increase in mass with the increase in
speed from 50 km/h to 120 km/h? Explain why there is an
increase.

……………………………………………………………..……………

……………………………………………………………………..……

……………………………………………………………………..…[2]

18
 (ii) State and account for the trend of the graph for carbon
monoxide emission as the speed of the motor car increases
from 50 km/h to 120 km/h.

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………[3]

(b) Explain how carbon monoxide harms the environment.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………...[1]

(c) Unburnt hydrocarbons are Greenhouse gases. Explain how these

gases can cause flooding of lowland areas.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………...[2]

19
 (d) Explain how nitrogen oxides can cause corrosion of marble statues.

………………………………………………………………………..…………

………………………………………………………………………..…………

………………………………………………………………………..…………

……………………………………………………………………..………...[2]

[Total: 10]

B10 EITHER
The concentration of an unknown acid can be determined using titration.
The graph below shows the change in pH when titrating 15.0 ml of an
unknown concentration of sulfuric acid with 0.100 mol/dm3 of sodium
hydroxide solution.

(a) Construct the ionic equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide
and sulfuric acid.

……………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(b) Explain, with reference to sulfuric acid, why it is a strong acid.

……………………………………………………………………………….....

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………….[1]

20
(c) Hence, determine the concentration of sulfuric acid used to react with
0.100 mol/dm3 of sodium hydroxide solution.

[2]

(d) Name one use of sulfuric acid.

……………………………………………………………………………….[1]

(e) The electrical conductivity of the titration reaction could be monitored.

The graph, known as the conductometric titration curve, is as shown
below:
conductance

volume of NaOH (aq) / cm3

The table below lists the conductance of aqueous solutions of some

cations and anions at 25°C:

Conductance of cations and anions in aqueous solution at 25°C

Cation Conductance Anion Conductance
H+ 349.8 OH- 198.3
K+ 73.5 Cl- 76.3
Na+ 50.1 NO3- 71.5
NH4+ 73.5 CH3COO- 40.9

21
(i) Explain the shape of the graph.

…………………………………………………………………..………..

………………………………………………………………………..…..

……………………………………………………………………..……..

………………………………………………………………………..…..

………………………………………………………………………..…..

…………………………………………………………………………....

…………………………………………………………………………....

.……………………………………………………………………..…[3]

(ii) Sketch the conductometric titration curve for the reaction between
ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide solution (both solutions have
the same concentration).
conductance

volume of NaOH (aq) / cm3

[2]

[Total: 10]

22
B10 OR

(a) The chlorides of carbon, silicon and lead all have the formula XCl 4.
Table 10.1 below shows the melting points of the 3 compounds:

Compound Melting point

/ °C
CCl4 -23
SiCl4 -69
PbCl4 / -15 /
PbCl2 501
Table 10.1

The oxides of carbon, silicon and lead all have the formula XO 2. Table
10.2 below shows the melting points of the 3 compounds:

Compound Melting point

/ °C
CO2 -70
SiO2 1710
PbO2 / 290 /
PbO 888
Table 10.2

Using structure and bonding, explain

(i) why the two compounds, SiCl4 and SiO2, have very different
melting points.

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

.………………………………………………………………………[3]

23
 (ii) why the compounds of lead, PbCl4 and PbCl2, have very
different melting points.

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

.………………………………………………………………………[2]

(b) A student was tasked to make lead(II) sulfate salt starting from lead(II)
oxide. He was given a list of common laboratory chemicals:

 Dilute sulfuric acid

 Dilute nitric acid
 Dilute hydrochloric acid
 Lead(II) oxide (powdered)

He wrote out the following chemical equation for the reaction he wishes
to perform to obtain lead(II) sulfate.

PbO + H2SO4 PbSO4 + H2O

However, he was unsuccessful in obtaining pure lead(II) sulfate.

(i) State and explain where the student made a mistake.

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………[2]

24
(ii) Suggest and describe how he can make a modification to his
experiment in order to obtain a high yield of pure dry lead(II)
sulfate. Include any relevant equation(s) in your answer.

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………….[3]

[Total: 10]

-End of Paper-

25
 ST JOSEPH’S INSTITUTION
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2019
(YEAR 4)

CANDIDATE
NAME

CLASS INDEX
NUMBER

CHEMISTRY 6092/01

Paper 1 20 September 2019

Additional Materials : 1 hour

Multiple Choice Answer Sheet (08:00 – 09:00)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, index number and class on the Answer Sheet provided in the
spaces provided.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question,
there are four possible answers A, B, C or D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the
separate Multiple Choice Answer Sheet.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong
answer.
Any rough working should be done in this Question paper.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 2 of this question paper.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

This document consists of 20 printed pages including this cover page.

[Turn Over
1 A sample of nitrogen dioxide gas is cooled and the temperature is measured
every minute. The following graph is obtained.

Temperature/°C
I

II III
C

IV
D

Time/min
Which describes the arrangement and movement of the particles in the
region III to IV?

Arrangement of particles Movement of particles

closely packed in orderly
A vibrate about fixed positions
arrangement
closely packed in disorderly
B moving at high speeds
arrangement
closely packed in disorderly
C moving freely over each other
arrangement
some particles are vibrating
mixture of particles closely
D packed in orderly and disorderly about fixed positions while some
are moving freely over each
arrangement
other

3
2 The apparatus can be used to show the diffusion of gases. Two beakers
containing gas P were placed over two porous pots containing gases Q and
R respectively. The results are shown below.

beaker beaker

What is the correct order of the relative molecular mass, Mr of gases P, Q

and R?

lowest Mr highest Mr
A P Q R

B Q P R

C R P Q

D R Q P

3 The melting and boiling points of various gases found in air are shown
below.

gas melting point/°C boiling point/°C

argon - 189 - 186

carbon dioxide - 78 - 78

nitrogen - 210 - 196

oxygen - 219 - 183

If the air is cooled from -50°C, what is the first substance to sublime?

A argon B carbon dioxide

C nitrogen D oxygen

4
4 Solid samples of ammonium chloride, lead(II) chloride and sodium chloride
were accidentally mixed together. Which of the following sequences outlines
the best method to obtain the pure dry sample of each substance?

A dissolving, filtration, sublimation, crystallisation

B dissolving, fractional distillation, filtration, evaporation
C sublimation, dissolving, filtration, evaporation
D sublimation, filtration, evaporation, crystallisation

5 Three elements X, Y and Z have proton (atomic) numbers n, n+1 and n+2
respectively. If element Y is a noble gas, what will be the symbol for the ion
of element Z in its compounds?

A Z-
B Z+
C Z 2-
D Z 2+

6 An atom of element X has the symbol 73𝑋.

Which statement about element X is correct?
A In one atom, the number of protons + the number of electrons is 6.
B In one atom, the number of protons + the number of neutrons is 10.
C It is in Group III of the Periodic Table.
D The electronic configuration is 2.5.

7 How does a magnesium atom form a bond with an oxygen atom?

A By giving one pair of electrons to the oxygen atom.
B By receiving one pair of electrons from the oxygen atom.
C By sharing one pair of electrons, each atom donating one pair of
electrons.
D Two magnesium atoms each giving one electron to one oxygen
atom.

5
8 The table below gives some of the properties of four substances A-D.
Which of the substances could be hydrogen chloride?

ability to conduct electricity

melting point boiling point
when liquid in aqueous
/ °C / °C
solution
A -144 78 none none
B -144 -85 none good
C 180 218 good good
D 808 1465 none insoluble

9 If the number of similar particles in one mole is x, the number of chlorine

molecules in 35.5 g of gaseous chlorine is __________.

A 0.5x
B x
C 2x
D 35.5x

10 40 cm3 of a gaseous oxide of nitrogen were decomposed completely into

40 cm3 of nitrogen and 20 cm3 of oxygen at the same temperature and
pressure. What is the formula of the oxide?

A NO
B NO2
C N2O
D N2O3

11 12.0 g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate combines with 12.6 g of water to

form hydrated magnesium sulfate. What is the formula of the hydrated
magnesium sulfate? [Mr of MgSO4 = 120]

A MgSO4.H2O
B MgSO4.3H2O
C MgSO4.7H2O
D MgSO4.9H2O

6
12 Phosphine has the formula PH3. It has similar properties to ammonia. What
are the ions produced when phosphine dissolves in water?

A PH3+, H+
B PH4+, H+
C PH3+,OH-
D PH4+,OH-

13 Different solids were added to separate portions of warm dilute hydrochloric

acid. For which solid is the observation correct?

solid observation
A ammonium sulfate alkaline gas produced
B calcium carbonate gas evolved relights a glowing splint
C copper(II) oxide solid dissolves with no effervescence
D silver gas evolved ignites a lighted splint with a
‘pop’ sound

14 To which substance can dilute hydrochloric acid be added to prepare lead(II)

chloride?

A aqueous lead(II) nitrate

B lead foil
C powdered lead(II) carbonate
D powdered lead(II) sulfate

7
15 In an experiment, 10 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 sodium hydroxide are gradually
added to 5 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid containing universal
indicator.

stirrer

10 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3

sodium hydroxide 5 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3
hydrochloric acid and
universal indicator

Which of the following changes does not occur in the mixture?

A A soluble salt is formed.

B More water molecules are formed.
C The concentration of hydrogen ions decreases.
D The universal indicator turns from red to yellow.

16 Ammonia is produced by the Haber process. Which statement is correct?

A Iron is used to increase the yield of ammonia.

B Nitrogen for the process can be obtained by cracking of oil.
C Three hydrogen molecules react with a nitrogen molecule to form a
molecule of ammonia.
D The yield of ammonia can never be 100% as the reaction is reversible.

17 Nitrogen and hydrogen gases react to form ammonia gas in the Haber
process. A higher yield of ammonia is favoured by a lower temperature but
in industry, a higher temperature of 450°C is used. Why is this so?

A At high temperatures, gases expand and less volumes are needed.

B At high temperatures, the catalyst is more effective.
C At low temperatures, liquid ammonia is collected instead.
D At low temperatures, the rate of reaction is too slow.

8
18 Metal A and its compound undergo the following reactions:

Reaction I: A + 2HNO3 → A(NO3)2 + H2

Reaction II: ACO3 → AO + CO2
Reaction III: AO + CO → A + CO2

What could be a possible identity of metal A?

A calcium
B iron
C magnesium
D silver

19 In the experiment shown, steam is passed over heated solid S. Gas G is

collected.

Which could be S and G?

solid S gas G
A copper hydrogen
B lead oxygen
C silver oxygen
D zinc hydrogen

9
20 Four identical pieces of steel were partially coated with four different
substances as shown below. The steel pieces were then left in test tubes filled
with water for some days.

In which tube would the steel be least likely to rust?

A test tube W
B test tube X
C test tube Y
D test tube Z

21 Petrol and diesel are two common fuels used by cars and buses respectively.
The combustion of these fuels produces air pollutants.
The table shows the mass of pollutants found in exhaust fumes when 1 kg of
each fuel is burnt.

pollutant mass of pollutant after mass of pollutant after

produced petrol is burnt / g diesel is burnt / g

carbon monoxide 240 10

oxides of nitrogen 30 60
sulfur dioxide 1 4
unburnt
25 20
hydrocarbons

Which of the following statements can be inferred using the data in the
table?

A Engines using petrol take in more air than diesel engines.

B Less incomplete combustion occurs with petrol.
C Petrol contributes more towards the formation of acid rain.
D The temperature in petrol engine is lower than that in diesel engine.

10
22 Which of the following gases causes ozone depletion?

A CO
B CO2
C CH2F2
D CHCl2F

23 Which pollutants can be removed by passing them through wet calcium

carbonate in power stations?

I carbon monoxide
II nitrogen dioxide
III sulfur dioxide
IV unburnt hydrocarbon

A I and II
B II and III
C II and IV
D I, II and III

24 Which of the following options would occur if the percentage of methane in

air were to increase?

I corrosion of marble statues

II dizziness
III famines
IV flooding of low-lying areas

A I only
B I and IV
C II and III
D III and IV

11
25 Which reaction does not involve oxidation or reduction?

A CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
B Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e-
C 2H+ + CO32- → H2O + CO2
D 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

26 The ionic equation for the reaction of Mn2O3 in acidic conditions is shown
below:

Mn2O3(s) + 2H+(aq) → MnO2(s) + Mn2+(aq) + H2O(l)

Which statement about this reaction is correct?

A H+ is a reducing agent.
B H+ gains electrons to form H2O.
C The oxidation state of oxygen in H2O is -1.
D The oxidation state of manganese in Mn2O3 is +3.

27 When dichlorine heptoxide, Cl2O7 is added to water, a reaction takes place

which is not a redox process.

What could the product(s) of the reaction be?

A Cl2 and O2
B HClO4
C HCl and O2
D HOCl

12
28 Pentane can be converted into carbon dioxide and water in the following
stages:

I II III
C5H12(l) → C5H12(g) → 6CO2(g) + 7H2O(g) → 6CO2(g) + 7H2O(l)

Which stages are exothermic?

A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III

29 The enthalpy change of the following reaction is given:

2N2O5 (s) → 4N2 (g) + 5O2 (g) H = -23 kJ

Which of the following statements about the reaction is not correct?

A For each mole of N2O5 (s) reacted, 11.5 kJ of heat is released.

B For 2 moles of N2 (g) produced, 11.5 kJ of heat is released.
C The energy involved in bond forming is greater than that of bond
breaking.
D The energy level of N2O5 (s) is less than that of the products.

13
30 Graphs X and Y represent the results of two experiments demonstrating the
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide using manganese(IV) oxide as catalyst.
Assuming that all other conditions are kept constant, which one of the
following is a correct explanation of the different results?

Volume of
oxygen /
cm3

Time / s

experiment X experiment Y
50 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 hydrogen 25 cm3 of 2.0 mol/dm3 hydrogen
A
peroxide was used peroxide was used
50 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 hydrogen 12.5 cm3 of 2.0 mol/dm3
B
peroxide was used hydrogen peroxide was used
1.0 g of manganese(IV) oxide 0.50 g of manganese(IV) oxide
C
was used was used
the reaction was carried out at the reaction was carried out at
D
60 °C 30 °C

14
31 Two experiments were carried out in which hydrochloric acid was added to
aqueous solutions of sodium thiosulfate.

Experiment I : 400 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid +

400 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 sodium thiosulfate

Experiment II : 100 cm3 of 4.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid +

100 cm3 of 4.0 mol/dm3 sodium thiosulfate

The initial rate of formation of sulfur and the total mass of sulfur were
measured in each experiment. How do the results in Experiment I compare
with those in Experiment II?

rate of formation of sulfur total mass of sulfur formed

A faster in I greater in I
B slower in I greater in I
C slower in I the same in I and II
D the same in I and II the same in I and II

32 In each of the four different experiments, the same mass of magnesium reacts
with the same volume of an excess of sulfuric acid.

Which set of conditions will result in the magnesium being used up the fastest?

experiment form of concentration temperature

magnesium of acid / / °C
mol / dm3
A I powder 1.00 80
B II powder 0.50 20
C III ribbon 0.50 80
D IV ribbon 1.00 20

15
33 Metal M forms a chloride MCl2. M is between copper and silver in the reactivity
series.

If concentrated solution of MCl2 is electrolysed, which reactions will occur at

the cathode and anode?

cathode anode
A 2H+ + 2e- → H2 2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e-
B 2H+ + 2e- → H2 4OH- → 2H2O + O2 + 4e-
C M2+ + 2e- → M 2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e-
D M2+ + 2e- → M 4OH- → 2H2O + O2 + 4e-

34 A coin is to be electroplated with a metal using an aqueous solution of the

metal salt as electrolyte.
Which of the following correctly shows the material used for the cathode, the
anode, the electrolyte and the reaction at the cathode that will lead to
successful electroplating?

cathode anode electrolyte reaction at cathode

aqueous
A coin copper Cu2+(aq) + 2e- → Cu (s)
copper(II) sulfate
aqueous
B coin zinc Zn2+(aq) + 2e- → Zn (s)
zinc nitrate
aqueous
C copper coin Cu2+(aq) + 2e- → Cu (s)
copper(II) sulfate
aqueous
D zinc coin Zn2+(aq) + 2e- → Zn (s)
zinc nitrate

16
35 Which pair of metals will produce the highest voltage when used as electrodes
in a simple cell as shown in the diagram below?

metal X metal Y
A magnesium copper
B magnesium zinc
C silver magnesium
D zinc copper

17
36 An experiment is set up as shown in the diagram below. Both electrodes P
and Q are made of graphite.

Which of the following gives the correct results as the electrolysis progresses?

electrolyte mass of P mass of Q

remains
A aqueous calcium chloride increase
unchanged
remains
B aqueous calcium chloride increase
unchanged
remains
C aqueous copper(II) sulfate increased
unchanged
remains
D aqueous copper(II) sulfate increase
unchanged

18
37 The structural formulae of several compounds are shown below. How many
of the compounds are isomers of C5H12?

I II III

IV V

A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5

38 The structure of an organic compound is shown below.

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

A It decolourises an aqueous solution of bromine.

B It is an unsaturated compound.
C It turns acidified potassium manganate(VII) from purple to
colourless.
D Its aqueous solution reacts with sodium carbonate.

19
39 Which of these compounds could react together to form a polymer?

I H2N(CH2)6NH2
II CH3(CH2)4COOH
III HOOC(CH2)4COOH
IV H2N(CH2)6CH3

A I and II
B I and III
C II and IV
D III and IV

40 Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used to make hard contact lenses. Part of its

polymer chain is shown.

Which statement(s) about poly(methyl methacrylate) is/are correct?

I It is an addition polymer.
II Its monomer is CH2=C(CH3)CO2CH3.
III It contains the ester functional group.

A I only
B I and III
C II and III
D I, II and III
-End of Paper-

20
 ST JOSEPH’S INSTITUTION
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2019
(YEAR 4)

CANDIDATE
NAME

CLASS INDEX
NUMBER

CHEMISTRY 6092/02

Paper 2 2 September 2019

Candidates answer on the Question Paper. 1 hour 45 minutes

No Additional Materials are required. (08:00 – 09:45)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, class and index number on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black fluid ink pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

Section A
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Section B
Answer all three questions, the last question is in the form either/or.
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question. The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 2 of this question paper.

For Examiner’s Use

Section A / 50
B9 / 10
B10 / 10
B11 / 10
Total / 80

This document consists of 21 printed pages including this cover page.

 Section A
Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.
The total mark for this section is 50.

A1 A mixture of gases consists of the following components:

ammonia, hydrogen, sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide.
The mixture of gases is passed through the set-up shown below and a pure
sample of gas is collected in the gas jar.

pure
sample
of gas

mixture
of gases

water concentrated concentrated

sodium hydroxide sulfuric acid

(a) Explain the purpose of passing the mixture through:

(i) water

………………………………………………………………………..…[1]

(ii) concentrated sodium hydroxide, NaOH

…………………………………………………………………………..[1]
(iii) concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4

…………………………………………………………………………..[1]

(b) (i) Name the gas collected in the gas jar.

..…………………………………………………………………………[1]

3
 (ii) What property does the gas have to enable it to be collected by
upward delivery?

..………………………………………………………………………...[1]
[Total: 5]

A2 Carbon and silicon are both in Group IV of the Periodic Table.

(a) Carbon and silicon each form dioxides.
The structure of silicon(IV) oxide is shown below.

silicon atom

oxygen atom

Silicon(IV) oxide has a high melting point whereas carbon dioxide is a

gas at room temperature and pressure.
Explain this in terms of the structures and bonding of the two oxides.

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

................................................................................................................[3]

4
(b) Carbon and silicon also react together to form silicon carbide as shown
below.

silicon atom

carbon atom

(i) State one difference, other than the difference in the elements
involved in bonding, between the structures of silicon(IV) oxide and
silicon carbide.

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

.......................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Does silicon carbide conduct electricity? Explain your answer with
reference to its structure and bonding.

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

.......................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 6]

5
A3 Sodium phosphate, Na3PO4, is a soluble salt, used as a water softener in
washing powders. It is formed by the reaction of dilute phosphoric acid, H3PO4,
with sodium hydroxide.

(a) Write a balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for this reaction.

…………………………………………………………………………………..[2]

(b) The reaction of sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid can produce two
other salts.
When one mole of phosphoric acid reacts with two moles of sodium
hydroxide, the salt formed is sodium hydrogen phosphate, Na 2HPO4.
Aqueous sodium hydrogen phosphate has a pH of 9.

(i) Suggest the formula of the other salt.

…………………………………………………………………………….[1]

(ii) Some ammonium chloride is added to an aqueous sample of

sodium hydrogen phosphate. The mixture is heated and a gas X is
evolved. Identify gas X and describe a test that can be used to
identify this gas.

Gas X is ………………………..

Test: ……………………...…………………………………………………

…………………………...…………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………….[2]

[Total : 5]

6
A4 Zinc can be extracted from zinc blende, ZnS, or from calamine, ZnCO 3,
in a two-stage process.

(a) Explain why the gas from Stage 2 must be removed for the safety of the
workers.

....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Explain why the reactions in the two-stage process cannot be used to
extract potassium from potassium carbonate, K2CO3.

....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Explain in terms of oxidation states, why the reaction of calamine to form
zinc oxide and carbon dioxide is not a redox reaction.

....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................[3]

7
 (d) The zinc obtained in Stage 2 has to be purified further for more useful
purposes.
One of the most common uses for zinc is as an anti-corrosion agent.
Explain why zinc is able to act as an anti-corrosion agent.

....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 8]

A5 The table below shows some properties of gases in dry air.

gas in dry air density in melting boiling percentage

kg/m3 point in °C point in °C (%) in air
nitrogen 1.2506 -210 -196 78.08
oxygen 1.4290 -219 -183 20.95
carbon dioxide 1.977 -57 -57 0.033
helium 0.1785 -272 -269 0.00052
neon 0.8999 -249 -246 0.0019
argon 1.7837 -189 -186 0.934
krypton 3.74 -157 -153 0.00011
xenon 5.86 -112 -108 0.0000087

(a) In 1895, Lord Rayleigh isolated nitrogen from dry air by passing the dry
air through chemical reagents that remove oxygen and carbon dioxide.
He then discovered that nitrogen from dry air had a different density to
pure nitrogen produced from chemical reactions. He concluded that
nitrogen extracted from dry air was mixed with another gas.

The density of nitrogen extracted from dry air was higher than the
density of pure nitrogen. Use the data in the table to explain why.

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………...[2]

8
(b) Minimising air pollution is essential for health and for the environment.

(i) Low sulfur fuels are being introduced. Ordinary diesel contains 500
ppm (parts per million) of sulfur but low sulfur diesel contains less
than 50 ppm.

Explain why this is an advantage to the environment, making

reference to the reactions that occur.

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………….………………………………………………………….[3]

(ii) Catalytic converters reduce pollution from motor vehicles, as

shown in the following diagram.

oxides of
nitrogen, less harmful
carbon gases to
monoxide atmosphere
& unburnt
catalysts
hydrocarbons
rhodium,
platinum,
palladium

Oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons

are pollutants that enter the catalytic converter.

9
 Explain how these pollutants are converted into less harmful
substances.

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………….………………………………………………………….[2]

[Total : 7]

A6 Hydrazine, N2H4 is used as a rocket fuel. The structural formula of hydrazine is

shown below:

(a) In the rocket machine, hydrazine is burnt with oxygen. Water vapour and
nitrogen are the only products.

The combustion of one mole of hydrazine results in 622 kJ of energy

released. Write an equation, including the energy change, for this
reaction.

…….…………………………………………………………………………….[2]

(b) Draw a labelled energy profile diagram for the combustion of hydrazine,
indicating clearly the enthalpy change and activation energy.

[3]

[Total : 5]

10
A7 A 6.0 g sample of powdered magnesium carbonate was divided into two
portions of equal mass. One portion was added to an excess of hydrochloric
acid containing 2 mol/dm3. The second portion was added to an excess of
sulfuric acid also containing 2 mol/dm3.

The same total volume of gas was evolved in each case but the gas was
produced more rapidly from the reaction with sulfuric acid.

(a) Sketch the graph of volume of gas against time for both the results you
would expect to obtain.

[3]

(b) Explain, together with the use of relevant mole calculation and balanced
chemical equations, why the same volume of gas was evolved in each
case.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..[3]

11
 (c) Explain, in terms of collision theory, why the reaction was faster with the
sulfuric acid.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..[2]

……………………………………………………………………[Total:8]

A8 Electrolysis is the decomposition of a liquid or a solution by the passage of an

electrical current.
(a) Aqueous magnesium chloride can be electrolysed using graphite
electrodes.
(i) Explain why hydrogen is formed at the cathode. Include the
electrode reactions at the cathode and anode.

……………………………………………………………………………

........................................................................................................

Cathode electrode reaction: ..........................................................

Anode electrode reaction: .............................................................[3]

(ii) Explain why the reaction happening at the anode is an example of

oxidation.

…………………………………………………………………………..[1]

(b) The electrolysis of concentrated magnesium chloride results in a different

product formed at one of the electrodes. State the product formed and
give the equation for the electrode reaction.

....................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 6]

12
 Section B
Answer all three questions in this section.
The last question is in the form of an either/or and only one of the alternatives
should be attempted.

B9 (a) The table shows some properties of four Group VII elements, fluorine,
chlorine, bromine and iodine. However, some of the information for
these elements have been accidentally deleted and they are not
arranged according to their position in the group.

Boiling
Element Reaction with
point
hydrogen
/ºC

Reacts if heated
X + 185
strongly

Explosive reaction
Fluorine – 218
in dim light

Bromine + 59 Y

Explosive reaction in
Z – 34
sunlight

Figure 9.1

Figure 9.2 shows the trend in atomic radius of these four elements in
Group VII.

Atomic
radii (nm)

fluorine chlorine bromine iodine

Figure 9.2

13
The radius of an atom is governed by
 the number of electron shells around the nucleus
 the pull of the outer electrons from the nucleus.

(i) Using the above information from Figure 9.1 and the periodic
trends of the elements in Group VII, suggest the identity of X
and Z and explain how you arrived at your conclusion.

………...…………………………………………………………............

………...…………………………………………………………............

………...…………………………………………………………............

………...…………………………………………………………............

………...…………………………………………………………............

…………..………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………...……………………….[3]

(ii) Using information from Figure 9.2 and the trend in reactivity of
Group VII elements, suggest and explain a description (Y) for
the reaction of hydrogen with bromine.

………...…………………………………………………………............

………...…………………………………………………………............

………...…………………………………………………………............

………...…………………………………………………………............

………...…………………………………………………………............

………...…………………………………………………………............

………...…………………………………………………………............

………...…………………………………………………………............

…………..………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………...……………………….[3]

14
(b) Group I elements also show a similar trend of increasing atomic radius
as you go down the Group.

Atomic
radii (nm)

Figure 9.3

(i) Describe and explain, using information in Figure 9.3, the trend in
the reactivity of elements in Group I with hydrogen gas.

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………...…………….[2]

(ii) Compare Figure 9.3 with Figure 9.2 and state a difference in
terms of atomic radii of the elements in both Groups. Explain the
difference.

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………...…………….[2]

[Total : 10]

15
B10 2-hydroxyethanoic acid (C2H4O3), more commonly known as glycolic acid, is
a colourless liquid at room temperature and pressure.

Glycolic acid is oxidised to form oxalic acid (C2O4H2), which is toxic if

consumed in significant amounts.

Structure of oxalic acid

(a) Suggest a possible oxidising reagent used in this reaction, and state
the expected observation(s).

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………….[2]

(b) Given that glycolic acid has both carboxylic acid and alcohol functional
groups,

(i) draw the full structural formula of glycolic acid.

[1]

(ii) draw a structural isomer of glycolic acid.

[1]

16
 (iii) draw a segment of the polyglycolic acid polymer formed,
showing at least three repeat units.

[2]

(c) One mole of glycolic reacts with one mole of oxalic acid to form an
ester. Draw the full structural formula of the ester formed.

[1]

(d) Lithium metal reacts with glycolic acid to produce a colourless and
odourless gas. Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols
for this reaction and describe the confirmatory test for the gas evolved.

……………………………………………………………………………….....

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………….....[3]

[Total: 10]

17
B11 Either
Titanium is a metal that is higher than carbon in the reactivity series.
However, it is not extracted by electrolysis. It is extracted from rutile, a metal
ore which contains 50% titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2). Although titanium is the
10th most common occurring element in the Earth’s crust, it is a very
expensive metal.

The flow chart below shows the extraction of titanium.

Step 1:
Titanium(IV) oxide, TiO2, is reacted with chlorine and coke at
1000 oC to produce titanium (IV) chloride (TiCl4) and carbon
monoxide. Titanium (IV) chloride is cooled and collected.

Step 2:
Titanium(IV) chloride from Step 1 is reacted with liquid
magnesium at a temperature of 1100 oC in a sealed reactor for
3 days to obtain liquid titanium and liquid magnesium chloride
as impurity. The sealed reactor contains an atmosphere of
argon.

Step 3:
The reactor is allowed to cool.
The reactor is opened and the titanium is separated from other
products, magnesium chloride.

(a) Titanium (IV) chloride that is produced in Step 1 exists as a colourless

liquid at room temperature and pressure. Its boiling point is 136 oC.

(i) Based on the information given, explain in terms of structure and

bonding present in titanium (IV) chloride, why the boiling point is
low.

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………[2]

(ii) What is unusual about the bonding in (a)(i)? Briefly explain your
answer.

…………………………………………………………………………[1]

18
(b) Explain why coke acts as a reducing agent in Step 1.

…………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………[2]

(c) If the reaction in Step 2 were to be carried out in a sealed reactor

containing atmospheric air, how would this affect the yield of titanium?

…………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………[2]

(d) In Step 3, the reactor is allowed to cool. What is the disadvantage of

cooling the reactor compared to the extraction of iron in the blast
furnace where the blast furnace is not allowed to cool?

……………………………………………………………………………….....

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………….[1]

(e) There is less titanium than iron in the Earth’s crust.

Apart from titanium’s scarcity, explain why titanium costs much more
than iron. Use the information above to help you answer the question.

……………………………………………………………………………….....

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………….....[2]

[Total: 10]

19
B11 OR
Zinc nitrate is a white crystalline solid which is soluble in water and alcohol.
It is used in the synthesis of nanowires and can be used as a component in
dyeing.

(a) Zinc nitrate decomposes when heated to form zinc oxide, oxygen and
nitrogen dioxide. Zinc nitrate can be prepared by the reaction of zinc
oxide with dilute nitric acid.

(i) State the colour change of the solid as zinc nitrate is heated.

……………………………………………………………………….[1]

(ii) Describe how pure dry solid zinc nitrate is prepared and
obtained from the starting reagents mentioned above.

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………....[3]

20
(b) The table below shows a series of tests that were carried out on
solution X which is a solution of zinc nitrate.

Test Tests Observations

number
1 An equal portion of
aqueous sodium
carbonate is added to
solution X.
2 Aqueous ammonia is A white precipitate Y is formed.
added to solution X
until in excess.
3 Aqueous sodium
hydroxide and
aluminium foil are
added to solution X
and the mixture is
warmed.

(i) Write the ionic equation with state symbols for the formation of
the white precipitate Y.

………………………………………………………………………[2]

(ii) Describe the observation expected if excess aqueous ammonia

were added to the precipitate in Test 2.

………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………….[1]

(iii) Record the observations expected for Tests 1 and 3 in the

empty spaces provided in the table. [3]

[Total : 10]

-End of Paper-

21
 ST JOSEPH’S INSTITUTION
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2018
(YEAR 4)

CANDIDATE
NAME

CLASS INDEX
NUMBER

CHEMISTRY 6092/01

Paper 1 Multiple Choice 23 August 2018

Additional Materials : Multiple Choice Answer Sheet 1 hour

(11.30 am - 12.30 pm)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, class and index number on the cover page of this Question Paper.
Write in dark blue or black fluid ink pen.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

There are forty questions on this paper.

Answer all questions. For each question, there are four possible answers A, B, C
and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the
separate Answer Sheet.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet provided carefully.

Write your name, class and index number on the Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
provided and shade the corresponding spaces provided.
Write in soft pencil.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong
answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 2 of this question paper.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

This document consists of 17 printed pages including this cover page.

[Turn over
2
1 Hydrogen Methane

Air Air
Porous pot Porous pot

A beaker A beaker
of water of water

Set up 1 Set up 2

The above sets of apparatus were set up to study the diffusion of gases.
At the beginning of the experiment, bubbling was observed in the beakers
of water which ceases after a while.

Which of the following statements is true?

A Hydrogen diffuses faster compared to air while methane diffuses

slower than air.
B Hydrogen gas diffuses faster than methane as it is has fewer
atoms in each molecule than in methane molecules.
C The rate of bubbling decreases as the temperature increases.
D The rate of bubbling is faster in set up 1 compared to set up 2.

2 Which of the following mixtures can be separated and collected using the
following set-up?

Cotton

Inverted funnel
Sublimate
Perforated sheet

Mixture

A ammonium chloride and iodine

B iodine and sodium carbonate
C naphthalene and iodine
D sodium chloride and silicon

3
3 The following diagram shows the atomic structures of three different
types of hydrogen atoms.

Which of the following is true of hydrogen atoms?

A All hydrogen atoms can exist as stable monoatomic particles at

room temperature and pressure.
B All hydrogen atoms can form negative ions by losing an
electron.
C All hydrogen atoms have the same nucleon number.
D Hydrogen atoms form diatomic molecules of varying relative
molecular masses.

4 A particle X has 15 protons, 17 neutrons and 18 electrons.

Which of the following is true of X?

I : It pairs with oxygen atoms to form a covalent compound.

II : It pairs with sodium ions to form an ionic compound.
III : It is a metallic atom.
IV : It is an ion of a non-metal.

A I & IV only
B II & III only
C I & III only
D II & IV only

4
5 Elements X and Y react to form an ionic compound of formula X2Y. What
could the proton numbers of X and Y be?

X Y
A 3 15
B 11 16
C 12 8
D 19 17

6 The table gives information about the ability of four substances to conduct
electricity.

Substance Electrical conductivity

P Does not conduct under any conditions
Q Conducts only in aqueous solution
R Conducts in solid state and molten state
S Conducts in liquid state only

What could these four substances be?

P Q R S
A Cl2 NaCl Zn BaSO4
B CO H2SO4 Zn PbCl2
C Na H2SO4 NaCl HCl
D S PbCl2 Na H2SO4

7 Compounds with the formula XY possess the same lattice structure as

sodium chloride. The lattice structure of sodium chloride is shown below.

Which of the following statements is false?

A One cation is surrounded by six anions and vice versa.

B Magnesium chloride has the same lattice structure.
C The regular arrangement of ions gives sodium chloride a definite
shape.
D Sodium chloride cannot conduct electricity if the ions are arranged
as shown in the structure.

5
8 At room conditions, two identical flasks which have been filled with gas X
and Y were put on a balance. The result is shown below.

Bottle B
Bottle A

Gas Y
Gas X

Which of the following statements is correct?

A The number of gas particles in bottle A is less than the number of

gas particles in bottle B.
B The number of moles of gas particles in bottle A is greater than the
number of moles of gas particles in bottle B.
C The number of molecules of gas is the same in each bottle but each
molecule of gas X contains more atoms than each molecule of gas
Y.
D The molar mass of gas particles in bottle A is greater than the molar
mass of gas particles in bottle B.

9 Calcium chloride can be prepared from calcium carbonate according to the

equation:

CaCO3 + 2HCl  CaCl2 + CO2 +H2O

Assuming a yield of 80.0%, what mass of calcium carbonate is required to

produce 4.44 g of calcium chloride? (Mr of CaCO3 = 100, Mr of CaCl2 = 111)

A 3.55 g
B 4.00 g
C 5.00 g
D 5.50 g

10 The formula for hydrated copper(II) nitrate is Cu(NO3)2.xH2O. It contains

36.5% water of crystallisation by mass.

What is the value of x?

[Ar: H, 1; N, 14; O, 16; Cu, 64]

A 4
B 5
C 6
D 7

6
11 Which of the following are arranged in increasing pH?

A limewater, sodium hydroxide, vinegar, sulfuric acid

B sulfuric acid, vinegar, limewater, sodium hydroxide
C sulfuric acid, vinegar, sodium hydroxide, limewater
D vinegar, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, limewater

12 The table shows properties of four chlorides.

Which is copper(II) chloride?

Colour Solubility in water Method of preparation

A green soluble copper(II) oxide and
hydrochloric acid
B green insoluble copper metal and
hydrochloric acid
C white insoluble sodium chloride and
copper(II) sulfate
D green soluble copper(II) nitrate and
hydrochloric acid

13 When a few drops of aqueous lead(II) nitrate were added to substance X, a

white precipitate was seen. When some drops of aqueous sodium hydroxide
were added to substance X, a white precipitate was formed which was
soluble in excess in aqueous sodium hydroxide.
What is the identity of X?

A aluminium nitrate
B calcium chloride
C calcium nitrate
D zinc sulfate

7
14 A sample of an alloy containing two metals was subjected to several tests as
shown below. Which two metals are present in the alloy?

A iron and aluminium

B iron and lead
C iron and zinc
D lead and zinc

15 The reaction of a metal oxide with hydrogen is shown below.

metal oxide flame

delivery tube
hydrogen

heat

Which of the following is correct?

Metal Oxide Mass of metal oxide after heating

A Zinc Oxide decreases
B Lead(II) Oxide decreases
C Copper(II) oxide increases
D Iron(II) oxide increases

8
16 Iron is manufactured in the blast furnace.
Which statement about iron and its manufacture is not true?

A Coke forms the reducing agent.

B Iron ore is readily abundant.
C Pure iron is produced.
D Slag formed floats on the molten iron.

17 Which of the following is the most critical reason why metals need to be
recycled?

A Metals are a finite resource.

B Metals are expensive.
C Metal extraction causes environmental pollution.
D Recycled metals are of a better quality.

18 A property of the elements from carbon to aluminium is shown on the chart

below. Which property is shown on the chart?

Property

C N O F Ne Na Mg Al
A the atomic (proton) number
B the number of electrons involved in bonding
C the number of electrons shells filled with electrons
D the relative atomic mass

19 Which of the following statements best explains why chlorine is more

reactive than iodine?

A Iodine has a larger atomic radius than chlorine.

B The nuclear attraction on valence electrons is stronger in chlorine
compared to iodine.
C The nuclear attraction on external electrons is stronger in chlorine
compared to iodine.
D The intermolecular forces of attraction are weaker in chlorine
compared to iodine.

9
20 Element S has a high density and high melting point. It forms two chlorides,
SCl2 and SCl4. What does this suggest about S?

A It is a coloured substance.
B It is a poor conductor of heat.
C It may speed up the rate of a reaction.
D It reacts violently with water.

21 Which of the following substances is not removed by the catalytic converter

in a car?

A carbon dioxide
B carbon monoxide
C nitrogen monoxide
D petrol

22 Information in the table shows the concentration, in parts per million (ppm),
of pollutants in four different industrial areas. In which area is limestone
sculptures under the greatest threat from pollution?

area unburnt hydrocarbon nitrogen dioxide carbon monoxide

emission / ppm emission / ppm emission / ppm
A 23 30 0.03
B 30 32 3.0
C 11 38 0.2
D 21 45 0.01

23 Chlorine is bubbled into aqueous iron(II) chloride. Subsequently, aqueous

sodium hydroxide is added to the resultant solution. Which statement best
explains why a brown precipitate is formed?

A Chlorine causes iron(II) chloride to undergo reduction.

B Chlorine has precipitated out.
C Iron(III) hydroxide is formed.
D The oxidation state of chlorine has decreased from 0 to -1.

24 In which of the following is oxygen in the highest oxidation state?

A sodium oxide, Na2O

B sodium peroxide, Na2O2
C sodium sulfite, Na2SO3
D sodium superoxide NaO2

10
25 Referring to the diagram below, which of the following changes would occur
when a current is passed through the solution for some time?

Pt electrode X
Pt electrode Y

concentrated
Concentrated
sodium
sodium sulfate
sulfate
solution and
solution and
litmus
litmus solution
solution

A Oxygen is given off at X and hydrogen is given off at Y

B Sodium is formed at X and oxygen gas is given off at Y.
C The colour of the solution becomes blue around both X and Y.
D The colour of the solution becomes blue around X and red around Y.

26 The following diagram shows the setup used to electroplate an iron spoon
with chromium.

Which of the following correctly states the cathode, the electrolyte used, as
well as the reaction which takes place at the anode?

Cathode used Electrolyte used Reaction at anode

A Spoon Aqueous Cr3+ + 3e  Cr
chromium(III) nitrate
B Spoon Aqueous Cr  Cr3+ + 3e
chromium(III) nitrate
C Chromium Aqueous iron(III) Cr3+ + 3e  Cr
nitrate
D Chromium Aqueous Cr  Cr3+ + 3e
chromium(III) nitrate

11
27 Which of the following deductions can be made from the set-up below?

voltmeter

metal X zinc metal

dilute sulfuric acid

bubbles of
gas

A Carbonate of metal X can be decomposed more readily than the

carbonate of zinc.
B Metal X is more reactive than zinc.
C Metal X reacts with the dilute sulfuric acid.
D The sulfuric acid undergoes electrolysis.

28 Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia in the Haber Process.

N2 + 3H2 2NH3

Which of the following options correctly indicates the conditions used and
the percentage yield of ammonia in this process?

Conditions Percentage yield

A 200°C, 500 atm & iron catalyst 40
B 300°C, 400 atm & nickel catalyst 30
C 500°C, 250 atm & iron catalyst 15
D 500°C, 200 atm & nickel catalyst 10

29 Many agricultural fertilizers are made from ammonia. Ammonium

compounds supply plants with nitrogen for protein synthesis. An example of
such a fertilizer is ammonium nitrate that can be produced using the
following reaction scheme:

Step 1 Step 2
Ammonia Aqueous ammonia Ammonium nitrate

What are the reactants that can be used to carry out steps 1 & 2?

Step 1 Step 2
A sodium hydroxide nitric acid
B water sodium nitrate
C water nitric acid
D sodium hydroxide sodium nitrate

12
30 Solution X reacts with solid Y to form a gas.
Which two diagrams show suitable methods for investigating the speed of
reaction?

A 1 and 3
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 2 and 4

31 0.1 g of magnesium ribbon is allowed to react with 25 cm 3 of 1.0 mol/dm3

hydrochloric acid at room temperature and pressure. Which of the following
changes will not increase the speed of the reaction?

A heat the hydrochloric acid to 50 °C

B increase the pressure to 5 atmospheres
C use 0.1 g of magnesium powder
D use 25 cm3 of 2.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid

13
32 Two experiments were carried out in which aqueous lead(II) nitrate was
added to aqueous potassium iodide of the same concentration of
1.0 mol/dm3.

The initial rate of formation of lead(II) iodide and the total mass of lead(II)
iodide were measured in each experiment. How do the results in experiment
I compare with those in experiment II.

initial rate of formation of total mass of lead(II) iodide

lead(II) iodide
A faster in I smaller in I
B slower in I greater in I
C slower in I the same in I and II
D the same in I and II the same in I and II

33 Which of the following processes is endothermic?

A condensation of water vapour on a cold apple

B neutralisation of hydrochloric acid by an alkali
C photosynthesis in plants
D reaction between hydrogen and oxygen

34 Methane reacts very slowly with air at room temperature. But if a transition
metal T is added to the methane-air mixture, the methane ignites quickly.
The addition of T

I : causes the activation energy to be lower.

II : increases the ΔH.
III : increases the rate of reaction.
IV : reduces the energy of the reactants.

A I and II only
B I and III only
C I, II and III only
D I, II, III and IV

14
35 An unsaturated organic acid P has the formula C17H29COOH. How many
double bonds are present between carbon atoms in each molecule of P?

A one
B two
C three
D four

36 Which of the reactions in the list below show reactions in which water is
either a reactant or a product?

Reaction 1 : addition of magnesium oxide to ethanoic acid

Reaction 2 : conversion of ethene to ethanol
Reaction 3 : conversion of vegetable oil to margarine
Reaction 4 : fermentation of glucose

A 1 and 2 only
B 1 and 3 only
C 1, 2 and 3 only
D 1, 2 and 4 only

37 Which of the following physical properties of the alkanes increase(s) as

relative molecular mass increases?

I : melting point
II : flammability
III : viscosity
IV : boiling point

A II only
B I, III and IV only
C II, III and IV only
D I, II, III and IV

15
38 Which of the following statements are not true about ethanol?

I : It is formed by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene.

II : It is a saturated compound.
III : It is formed by the fermentation of ethanoic acid.
IV : It reacts with ethyl ethanoate to form ethanoic acid.

A I and II only
B I and IV only
C III and IV only
D II, III and IV only

39 The diagrams below show two isomers of C3H8O.

Which of the following statements are true of the two isomers?

I : They have the same molecular mass.

II : They have similar chemical properties.
III : They have different physical properties.
IV : They are members of the same homologous series.

A I & II only
B I & III only
C I, II & III only
D I, II & IV only

16
40 Perspex is a transparent thermoplastic polymer. Chemically, it is the
synthetic polymer of methyl methacrylate.

The structure of the monomer of perspex is shown.

Which description of Perspex is correct?

Functional group present in Polymer formed by

polymer
A Ester addition polymerisation
B Alkene addition polymerisation
C Ester condensation polymerisation
D Carboxylic acid condensation polymerisation

-End of Paper-

17
 ST JOSEPH’S INSTITUTION
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2018
(YEAR 4)

CANDIDATE
NAME

CLASS INDEX
NUMBER

CHEMISTRY 6092/02

Paper 2 17 August 2018

1 hour 45 mins

Additional Materials : NIL (10.45 am – 12.30 pm)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, class and index number on the cover page of this Question Paper.
Write in dark blue or black fluid ink pen.
You may use a HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

Section A
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Section B
Answer all three questions in the spaces provided, the last question is the form
EITHER / OR.
Write your answers in the answer spaces provided.

Candidates are reminded that all quantitative answers should include appropriate
units. Candidates are advised to show all their working in a clear and orderly
manner. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question
or part question. The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where
appropriate.

A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 2 of this question paper.

This document consists of 24 printed pages including this cover page.

1
Section A (50 marks)
Answer ALL questions in this section in the spaces provided.

A1 The following diagram shows the fractional distillation of clean dry air where
the different components of air can be separated.

water vapour and gas X

removed as solids

(a) Explain how nitrogen gas is separated from oxygen gas in the
fractionating column.

…………………………………………………………………………….........

…………………………………………………………………………….........

………………………………………………………………………………..[3]

(b) Deduce the relative order of boiling points, from the lowest to the
highest, of the gases which leave the fractionating column.

………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

(c) Describe the differences in the arrangement and movement of the

particles in liquid air and gaseous air.

…………………………………………………………………………….........

…………………………………………………………………………….........

………………………………………………………………………………..[2]

(d) Suggest the identity of gas X.

……………………………………………………………………………..…[1]

[Total: 7]
3
A2 Using Merck’s Process, hydrogen peroxide is prepared by adding a
calculated amount of sodium peroxide to ice cold dilute solution of sulfuric
acid. The addition is carried out slowly with constant stirring.

Na2O2 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O2

On cooling, crystals of sodium sulfate are formed. The hydrogen peroxide

can be separated by filtration.

(a) Draw a dot and cross diagram, showing only the valence electrons, to
illustrate the bonding in hydrogen peroxide.

[1]

(b) Liquid hydrogen peroxide does not conduct electricity. Explain, with
reference to structure and bonding, why this is so.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………...[2]

(c) Suggest two other physical properties of hydrogen peroxide.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………...[2]

4
 (d) The common isotopes of the element oxygen are 16O, 17O and 18O.
The common isotopes of the element hydrogen are 1H, 2H and 3H.

(i) Determine the highest value of molecular mass of a hydrogen

peroxide molecule.

………………………………………………………………………….[1]

(ii) Draw a diagram to illustrate the electronic structure of an oxide

ion, 18O2-, showing all electrons, protons and neutrons clearly.

[1]

[Total: 7]

A3 In an acid-base titration to prepare sodium sulfate, a student added 0.100

mol/dm3 aqueous sodium hydroxide slowly until in excess from a burette to a
conical flask containing 10.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol/dm3 sulfuric acid. He detected
the pH changes of the solution in the flask with a pH meter.

(a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction.

…………………………………………………………………………………[1]

(b) Sulfuric acid is a strong acid. Explain what is meant by a ‘strong acid’.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………...[1]

5
 (c) Sketch a graph using the axes below to show how the pH of the solution
in the flask changed during the titration. The graph should be labelled
clearly to include the following:
- the pH values at the start and end of the titration.
- the volume of aqueous sodium hydroxide added at end-point (complete
neutralisation).

1
Volume of sodium
hydroxide/cm3

[2]

[Total:4]

A4 The distinctive smell of the seaside was thought to be caused by ozone, O 3.

Ozone is a form of the element oxygen.

Ozone reacts with acidified potassium iodide. The ionic equation for the
reaction is:

2 I− + O3 + 2H+ → I2 + O2 + H2O

(a) (i) What would you observe when ozone is bubbled through acidified
potassium iodide?

……………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..[1]

6
 (ii) Explain in terms of electron transfer, why potassium iodide has
been oxidised.
Your answer should include a half ionic equation for the reaction.

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………......

…………………………………………………………………………..[2]

(b) (i) A thin layer of ozone is present high in the Earth’s atmosphere.
State one reason why the ozone layer is important in terms of
human health.

……………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..[1]

(ii) State a substance which damages the ozone layer and give an
example of its source.

……………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………..…[2]

[Total: 6 ]

7
A5 (a) Ammonia is often used to manufacture fertilizers. Another industrial use of
ammonia is to make acrylonitrile. It is made by the following reaction:

2CH3 CH = CH2 + 2NH3 + 3O2 → 2CH2 = CH CN + 6H2O

Acrylonitrile (CH2 = CH CN) is the monomer used for the production of a

polymer X which is used in the production of carbon fibres.

(i) What type of polymerization will take place when the monomer
polymerises? Explain your reasoning.

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………[1]

(ii) Draw the full structural formula of the polymer X.

[1]

(b) Perfumes are normally made of three groups of components called the top
note, middle note and the end note.

The top note components of a perfume form vapours most easily. Geranyl
acetate is a top note compound and its structure is shown below:

CH3 O

C CH2 O C CH3
CH2 C

H
CH2
Geranyl acetate
C H

CH3 CH3

8
2-phenylethanol is a middle note compound and its structure is shown
below:

CH2 CH2 O H

2-phenylethanol

(i) With reference to both the structures above, suggest which

compound would have a pleasant smell. Explain your answer.

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………[1]

(ii) Write the molecular formula of the carboxylic acid used to make
geranyl acetate.

………………………………………………………………………....[1]

(iii) Both geranyl acetate and 2-phenylethanol react readily with

aqueous bromine. State the number of moles of bromine that
react with one mole of geranyl acetate and draw the structure of
the product formed.

Number of moles of bromine………………………….

[2]

9
(iv) A few drops of acidified potassium manganate(VII) was added to
a sample of 2-phenylethanol and the mixture was warmed. State
the observation(s) expected.

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………[1]

(v) Draw the structure of the product formed in (iv) and state one
chemical property demonstrated by the product.

Chemical property: …………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………[2]

[Total:9]

10
A6 Ammonia is manufactured in the Haber Process. The following graph shows the
amount of ammonia present in the equilibrium mixture under different conditions
of temperature and pressure.

(a) Use the graph to deduce the effect of increasing the pressure on the
percentage of ammonia in the equilibrium mixture.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(b) From the graph, state the highest percentage of ammonia that can be
obtained if 400 atmospheres of pressure was used.

……………………………………………………………………………...........[1]

(c) In the Haber Process, the unreacted reactant gases are recycled to
conserve on natural resources and energy consumption in order to reduce
the cost of manufacturing. State one other reason why the gases are
recycled.

……………………………………………………………………………...............

……………………………………………………………………………...........[1]

[Total: 3]

11
A7 Cans have been efficient storage containers since 1810, when the tin can
was patented. Aluminum cans were not available until 1965. Aluminum and
tin cans have many uses, but are probably most known for containing and
preserving food. Both types of cans protect food from light and air, are
durable and are recyclable.

The diagram shows the design of a food tin can and a modern drink can.

tin can drink can

Mild
steel
coated
with tin

(a) The iron used to make the tin can is extracted from haematite through
the following reaction:

Fe2O3 + 3CO  2Fe + 3CO2

5 tonnes of haematite produces 2 tonnes of iron. 85% of haematite is

iron(III) oxide. Calculate the percentage yield of iron.
[1 tonne = 1000 kg]

[3]

(b) (i) Describe and explain what happens when the food tin can
surface suffers a deep cut resulting in the exposure of the steel
underneath to moisture and air.

…………………………………………………………………..........

………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………...

...…………………………………………………………………...[2]

12
 (ii) A student crushed both cans using a device as shown below
for recycling purpose.

He found that it was easier to crush the aluminum can than the
tin can.

Explain, using Kinetic Particle Theory, why it was more difficult

to crush a tin can.

…………………………………………………………………..........

………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………...

...…………………………………………………………………...[2]

(c) Aluminium cans contain on average 70 percent recycled content –

more than 3 times the amount in glass or plastic bottle. Cans are also
recycled at far higher rates than competing beverage container types.

State and explain one advantage and one disadvantage of recycling

aluminium metal.

Advantage: ..……………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………...

Disadvantage: ..…………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………..…….

……………………………………………………………………………...[2]

[Total: 9]

13
A8 Two experiments were set up as shown.

Aqueous Aqueous
copper(II) copper(II)
sulfate sulfate

Carbon electrodes
Copper electrodes

Experiment A Experiment B

(a) Describe two observations which would be seen ONLY in Experiment A.

……………………...……………………………………………………………...

……………………...……………………………………………………………...

………………………...…………………………………………………………...

……………………..……………………………………………………………[2]

(b) Describe one observation which would be seen in BOTH experiments.

………………………...…………………………………………………………...

……………………..……………………………………………………………[1]

(c) State and explain what readings a pH meter would record if samples were
taken from the electrolyte of each experiment midway through the
experiment and tested.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………..……………………………………………………………[2]

[Total: 5 ]

14
 Section B (30 marks)
Answer all three questions in this section in the spaces provided. The last
question is in the form of an EITHER / OR question and only one of the
alternatives should be attempted.

B9 The speed of reaction between three compounds – hydrogen peroxide,

hydrochloric acid and potassium iodide – was studied in a series of
experiments.
H2O2(aq) + 2KI(aq) + 2HCl(aq)  2H2O(l) + I2(aq) + 2KCl(aq)

The speed of reaction was measured using the rate of production of iodine as
shown below:

Change in concentration of iodine

Rate of production of iodine =
Change in time

The table below shows the results obtained.

Experiment Concentra- Concentra- Concentra- Rate of

tion of H2O2 tion of HCl tion of KI production
(mol/dm3) (mol/dm3) (mol/dm3) of iodine
(mol/dm3
/s)

1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0001

2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0002

3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0004

4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0001

5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0004

15
(a) (i) Using the information given, state how the concentration of
potassium iodide affects the speed of reaction.

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………….[2]

(ii) Besides potassium iodide, identify another reactant whose

concentration affects the speed of reaction and suggest how the
speed is affected. Explain your answer using the data provided
above.

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………[2]

(b) Sketch the graph of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide against the
speed of reaction.

[2]

16
(c) Other than the concentration factor, state and explain using collision
theory one factor that increases the speed of reaction.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………...[2]

(d) Explain, in terms of oxidation number, why this reaction is a redox

reaction.

…………………………………………………………………………………....

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………[2]

(e) From experiment 1, assuming that hydrogen peroxide is the limiting

reagent, calculate the mass of iodine formed in the reaction when the
volume of hydrogen peroxide used is 100 cm3.

[2]

[Total:12]

17
B10 Since the 2011 onset of the Fukushima nuclear disaster, Japan has had to
drastically revise an energy policy that is dependent on nuclear energy to
one boosting the use of renewable energy sources such as hydrogen gas.

“Hydrogen, which can achieve high energy efficiency, low environmental

burden, is expected to play a central role as a secondary energy source,”
the government’s policy report said.

Reflecting growing demand for alternative forms of energy that are clean
and efficient, automakers set out to sell more commercial fuel-cell vehicles,
powered by hydrogen.

Figure 10.1

(http://www.ohrenergy.com/W-fuel-cells.html)

Figure 10.2

(a) The overall chemical equation for the reaction in the fuel cell is

2H2 + O2  2H2O

18
 Using only Figure 10.2, deduce the ionic equations for the reactions
that occur at the

anode : ………………..……………………………………………………….

and

cathode : …………………………………………………….……………..[2]

(b) Fuel cells produce electricity through the reaction of hydrogen fuel with
oxygen. The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen is exothermic.

Explain, in terms of energy levels and enthalpy change, why the

reaction is exothermic.

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………….…[2]

(c) “Hydrogen is only as clean as the fuel source used to produce it”

Explain, using examples, how the fuel sources could be considered

“clean” or otherwise.

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………….…[2]

19
 (d) A hydrogen fuel-cell car has a fuel economy of 199 km/kg of hydrogen.
If the volume of hydrogen available in the gas tank is 600 dm 3, what
distance could the car travel?

[2]

[Total: 8]

EITHER
B11 Part of the Periodic Table, which Mendeleev published in 1869, is shown
below.

Group Group Group Group Group Group Group

I II III IV V VI VII
Period
1 H

Period
2 Li Be B C N O F

Period
3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl

Period K Ca * Ti V Cr Mn
4
Cu Zn * * As Se Br
Period Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo *
5
Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I
Gaps left by Mendeleev are shown as asterisks (*).

Study the table above and answer the questions that follow.

Write the symbol of the element which

(a) (i) reacts with hydrogen to form a compound that is used to

manufacture detergents.

………………………. [1]

20
 (ii) combines with oxygen to form a giant covalent structure.

………………………. [1]

(iii) forms a reddish brown solution when added to potassium bromide.

………………………. [1]

(iv) when added to water, forms a solution that turns Universal indicator
violet.

………………………. [1]

(v) forms ions of charge +1 and +2.

………………………. [1]

(b) State two ways by which Mendeleev’s Periodic Table differs from the
current Periodic Table in use today.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………[2]

(c) Xenon is a noble gas in air and is unreactive. However, under very high
pressure, xenon can react with fluorine to form compounds.

(i) Suggest why xenon reacts with fluorine but not with other non-
metals.

……………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………[1]

(ii) One compound of xenon with fluorine has the formula XeF 4. This
diagram shows the bonding in XeF4, showing only outer electrons.
xx
xx
x
x F x
F
x x x
xx
xx
Xe
xx xx
x x
x x
x F F x
xx xx
21
 Give one reason why the bonding in XeF4 is typical and one reason
why it is not typical of similarly bonded compounds.

……………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………….[2]

[Total: 10]

OR
B11 The graph below shows some information about the melting points of the
elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table.

(a) Using the above information, describe the trends in melting points across
Period 3.

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….[2]

22
(b) Sodium and aluminium are both metals but their melting points vary
considerably.

(i) Draw, in the spaces below, the metallic bonding of sodium and
aluminium at room temperature.

Sodium Aluminium [2]

(ii) Based on your answers in (b)(i), explain why the melting point of
aluminium is higher than that of sodium.

…………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………….[2]

(c) The diagrams show the structures of sulfur and chlorine.

Cl2

Explain why sulfur has a higher melting point compared to chlorine.

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….[2]

23
(d) When heated under high pressures of 12 000 atmospheres, white
phosphorus, P4, is changed into the black form of the element. Black
phosphorus has very similar properties to graphite.

The following table lists some of the properties of the two forms of
phosphorus.

Type of Electrical Melting point Solubility in Solubility in

phosphorus conductivity / °C water benzene
White none 44 insoluble soluble
Black good 416 insoluble insoluble

Explain, with reference to the structure and bonding present, why the
melting point of black phosphorus is higher than that of white phosphorus.

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….[2]

[Total:10]

-End of Paper-

24
 NAME: NO: CLASS:

RIVERSIDE SECONDARY SCHOOL

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2018

SUBJECT : Chemistry
PAPER : 6092 (P2)
LEVEL/STREAM : 4 Express
DURATION : 1h 45 min

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not turn over this question paper until you are told to do so.

Write your name, register number and class on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Section A (50 marks)

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Section B (30 marks)

Answer all three questions, the last question is in the form either/or.
Write your answers on the lined paper provided and, if necessary, continue on separate
answer paper.

At the end of the examination, hand in Sections A and B separately.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 21.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

This question paper consists of 21 printed pages.

 2

Section A
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.
The total mark for this section is 50.

A1 Choose from the following oxides to answer the questions.

calcium oxide
carbon dioxide
copper(II) oxide
silicon dioxide
sodium oxide
sulfur dioxide
zinc oxide

Each oxide can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Which oxide(s)

(a) has a giant molecular structure,

……………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

(b) reacts with both acids and alkalis,

……………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

(c) reacts with water to form a strong acid,

……………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

(d) contain transition metals.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

[Total: 4]

A2 Calcium chloride is an ionic compound.

(a) Draw a ‘dot and cross’ diagram to show the bonding in calcium chloride.
Show the outer shell electrons only.

[2]

Riverside Secondary School 6092/02/4E/Prelim/2018 [Turn over

 3

(b) When molten calcium chloride is electrolysed, calcium and chlorine are formed.
Construct equations with state symbols, for the reactions at the two electrodes.

reaction at the negative electrode

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

reaction at the positive electrode

………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2]

(c) Predict the products of the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous calcium chloride.

…………………………………………………………………………………………......[2]

(d) Explain, using ideas about structure and bonding, why calcium chloride has a high
melting point.

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………………………..[2]

[Total: 8]

A3 Copper reacts with concentrated nitric acid.

Cu(s) + 4HNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2H2O(l)

(a) State the name of the salt of formula Cu(NO3)2.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..…[1]

(b) (i) In experiment 1, an excess of copper is added to 25 cm3 of 16.0 mol/dm3 HNO3.
Calculate the volume of NO2 formed.

[2]

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(ii) A further experiment, experiment 2, was carried out.

The results of experiment 1 and experiment 2 are shown on the graph.

Experiment 1

volume of NO2
/ cm3 Experiment 2

time / s
Suggest the concentration and volume of nitric acid used for experiment 2.

concentration: ……………………………………………………………………......

volume: ...…………………………………………………………………………..[2]

(c) To a sample of aqueous Cu(NO3)2, a student adds aqueous ammonia drop by drop
until it is in excess.

(i) Describe what is observed.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………[2]

(ii) The student repeats the experiment but adds aqueous sodium hydroxide
instead of aqueous ammonia.
Describe what is observed.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………[1]

[Total: 8]

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A4 Photosynthesis is a reaction that occurs in the leaves of green plants.

Carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen.

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

The reaction is endothermic and is catalysed by enzymes.

(a) Draw an energy profile diagram for photosynthesis using the axes shown, labelling
clearly the
• activation energy
• enthalphy change
• reactants and products

energy
level

progress of reaction
[3]
(b) Explain why the rate of photosynthesis increases as the temperature increases.

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………………………..[3]

[Total: 6]

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A5 In the Haber process, the percentage of ammonia present at equilibrium at different

temperatures and pressures is shown in Table 5.1. Equilibrium is the state of a chemical
reaction in which its forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates.

Table 5.1

ammonia present at equilibrium (%)

pressure / atm temperature / oC
100 200 300 400 500
10 88.2 50.7 14.7 3.9 1.2
25 91.7 63.6 27.4 8.7 2.9
50 94.5 74.0 39.5 15.3 5.6
100 96.7 81.7 52.5 25.2 10.6
200 98.4 89.0 66.7 38.8 18.3
400 99.4 94.6 79.7 55.4 31.9
1000 99.9 98.3 92.6 79.8 57.5

(a) Describe how the percentage of ammonia present at equilibrium changes with
temperature and pressure.

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………..…[2]

(b) (i) State the temperature and pressure that will produce the highest percentage
of ammonia at equilibirum.

………………………………………………………………………………………[1]

(ii) Explain why the conditions state in (b)(i) are not used commercially in
industries.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………[2]

[Total: 5]

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A6 (a) Proteins are natural polymers which can undergo hydrolysis in order to determine its
component amino acids. Hydrolysis is the breaking down of protein into its
constituent monomers, amino acids. Amino acids contain a carboxyl group and an
amine group.
Below is a representation of part of a protein molecule.

(i) Explain what is meant by a polymer.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………[1]

(ii) Draw the structural formula of the three amino acids obtained from the
hydrolysis of this protein.

[3]

(iii) Suggest a method to separate and identify the three components of amino
acids.

………………………………………………………………………………………[1]

(b) Chlorine is used in the manufacture of chloroethene (vinyl chloride), CH2CHCl.

Chloroethene has a similar structure to ethene.
When chloroethene udergoes addition polymerisation, polymer N is formed.
Draw the full structural formula of polymer N, showing three repeat units.

[1]

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(c) State one difference between the polymerisation processes used to manufacture
proteins and polymer N.

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………..…[1]

[Total: 7]

A7 (a) Malic acid has the structural formula

H H

HOOC C C OH

H COOH

(i) Effervescence is observed when lithium is added into malic acid.

Describe a test to identify the gas evolved and write the formula of the salt
formed.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

...…………………………………………………………………………………….[2]

(ii) Two malic acid molecules can react together to form an ester.
Draw the full structural formula of the ester.

[1]

(b) An alkene, F, reacts with steam to produce the following alcohol:

H H H H

H C C C C H

OH H OH H
(i) Draw the structural formula of F.

[1]

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(ii) State the conditions for the reaction between F and steam.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………[2]

[Total: 6]

A8 Silicon is a Group IV element and is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s
crust. It can be extracted by heating sand with carbon to temperatures approaching
2200 °C. Carbon monoxide is formed as a by-product.
Naturally occurring silicon is composed of three stable isotopes as shown in mass
spectrum below.
relative
abundance (%) 92.21

4.7
3.09

isotopic mass (amu)

28 29 30

Silicon is found naturally on Earth as mineral such as quartz in granite. Quartz is silicon
dioxide. Large quartz rocks break up to form smaller specks in the form of sand. Sand is
used in glass making by mixing sodium carbonate and limestone.

(a) Using the information above, show that the relative atomic mass of silicon is 28.1.
Show your working clearly.

[1]

(b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the extraction of silicon from sand.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

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(c) A student made the following statement about silicon dioxide.

“Silicon dioxide can be used as an electrode in electrolysis as it has the same

structure as graphite.”

Identify two errors in the statement. Explain why these are errors.

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………..…[4]

[Total: 6]

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NAME: NO: CLASS:

RIVERSIDE SECONDARY SCHOOL

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2018

SUBJECT : Chemistry
PAPER : 6092 (P2)
LEVEL/STREAM : 4 Express
DURATION : 1h 45 min

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Section B
Answer all three questions in this section.
The last question is in the form of an either/ or and only one of the alternatives should be
attempted.

B9 One of the great paradoxes of life is this: while we need oxygen to live, oxygen can also
be involved in our demise. If not burnt for fuel, oxygen can cause free-radical damage
to cells.

In Chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that
has an unpaired valence electron. With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons
make free radicals highly chemically reactive towards other substances, or even
towards themselves: their molecules will often spontaneously dimerise or polymerise if
they come in contact with each other. Most radicals are reasonably stable only at very
low concentrations in inert media or in a vacuum.

In the upper atmosphere, a particularly important source of radicals is the

photodissociation of normally unreactive chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) by solar ultraviolet
radiation, or by reactions with other stratospheric constituents.

CFCl3 + ultraviolet radiation → •Cl + •CFCl2

Such reactions are believed to be the primary cause of depletion of the ozone layer, and
this is why the use of chlorofluorocarbons as refrigerants has been restricted.

Ozone depletion

stratosphere

ultraviolet
rays

CFCs

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Another notable example of a free radical is the hydroxyl radical (•OH), a molecule that
has one unpaired electron on the oxygen atom. Hydroxyl radicals can oxidise virtually
all organic compounds, including DNA, proteins and fats. For this reason, it has been
proposed that these and other free radicals are key damaging agents in some cancers,
the ageing process and cardiac disease. Neutral hydroxyl radicals, •OH, are formed
through a process in which Fe2+ reacts with hydrogen peroxide, H2O2.

Fe2+ + H2O2 → Fe3+ + •OH + OH-

Researchers at the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Free Radical
Chemistry and Biotechnology are adding antioxidant function to known pharmaceutical
molecules, thereby creating dual action drugs that will also protect against free radical
damage associated with cardiac and hypertensive events. Such advances in free radical
chemistry have the potential to improve the health of millions of people worldwide.

Antioxidants Doing Their Job

Antioxidant
Healthy cell membrane reutralising a
free radical
HUMAN CELL

damaging
free radical

NUCLEUS

An antioxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is

a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals, leading to chain reactions that may
damage cells. Antioxidants such as thiols or ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) terminate these
chain reactions. Other important antioxidant molecules include vitamin E (a mixture of
tocopherols).

(a) Suggest the meaning for the term photodissociation.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..[2]

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(b) Describe briefly, with the help of chemical equation, how radicals formed from the
photodissociation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) cause the depletion of the ozone
layer.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..[2]

(c) Name the type of reaction which occurs in the formation of hydroxyl radical from
hydrogen peroxide. Explain.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..[3]

(d) Draw a ‘dot and cross’ diagram for the neutral radical, •OH. Show the electrons in
all the electron shells.

[2]

(e) Name the functional group present in Vitamin C and in tocopherol.

vitamin C: …………………………………………………………………………………

tocopherol: ………………………………………………………………………………..
[2]

[Total: 11]

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B10 The diagram below shows the leaf and stem of rhubarb plant.

green leaf

stem

(a) When the leaf is crushed and mixed with the solvent propanone, the coloured
pigments are extracted to give a dark blue solution. One of the pigments in this
solution is chlorophyll.
Describe an experiment to show that chlorophyll is not the only pigment in the
solution. Include a brief description of the observations in your answer. You may
wish to include a labelled diagram to illustrate your answer.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..[4]

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(b) From the plant, an organic acid, named oxalic acid, can be extracted.

Make a deduction about oxalic acid from each of the following experiments.

(i) Experiment 1: When added to acidified potassium manganate(VII), the

colour changes from purple to colourless.

……………………………………………………………………………………....

……………………………………………………………………………………[1]

(ii) Experiment 2: One mole of oxalic acid reacts with two moles of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.

……………………………………………………………………………………....

……………………………………………………………………………………[1]

(c) The relative molecular mass of oxalic acid is 90 and its composition by mass is:

carbon = 26.7% hydrogen = 2.2% oxygen = 71.1%

Calculate the empirical formula of oxalic acid and hence its molecular formula.

[3]

[Total: 9]

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Either
B11 Chlorine is used in swimming pools as a bactericide. All licensed public swimming pools
in Singapore are required by the National Environment Agency (NEA) to chlorinate pool
water.

The amount of chlorine in a sample of swimming pool water can be determined by

adding excess aqueous potassium iodide to a known volume of swimming pool water.
Iodine is formed in this reaction.

The amount of iodine formed is then determined by titrating with aqueous sodium
thiosulfate of known concentration.

The ionic equation for the reaction between iodine and sodium thiosulfate is aqueous
solution is as shown below.

I2(aq) + 2S2O32−(aq) → S4O62−(aq) + 2I−(aq)

A student carried out an investigation to determine the concentration of chlorine in a

sample of swimming pool water.

He recorded his results as follows:

volume of pool water tested: 100 cm3

volume of aqueous sodium thiosulfate used:

final burette reading / cm3 16.3

initial burette reading / cm3 7
volume of sodium thiosulfate used / cm3 9.3

concentration of aqueous sodium thiosulfate: 0.005 mol/dm3

(a) The recording of the student’s results reveals errors in both the procedure and the
recording of measurements.
Identify one error in each of these.

procedure: ………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

recording of measurements: ……………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

(b) (i) What will the student observe for the reaction between chlorine and
potassium iodide?
Write an ionic equation for the reaction.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………[2]

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(ii) Using the ionic equation in (b)(i), calculate the concentration of chlorine, in
mol/dm3, in the pool sample.

[3]

(c) The disinfecting action of chlorine in swimming pool is due to the presence of
chloric(I) acid, HClO, formed by the reaction of chlorine with water. Chloric(I) acid
dissociates in water to from hydrogen and chlorate ions.
In some swimming pools, calcium chlorate(I) and chlorine dioxide, ClO2, are used
to chlorinate swimming pool water.

(i) Write the chemical formula for calcium chlorate(I).

……………………………………………………………………………………[1]

(ii) Chlorine dioxide reacts with water according to this reaction.

4ClO2 + 2H2O → HClO + HClO3

“Chlorine is both oxidised and reduced in this reaction.”

Do you agree with this statement? Explain why.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………[2]

[Total:10]

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Or
B11 A student carried out some experiments to place four metals, W, X, Y and Z in order of
reactivity.
The table shows the results.

Key √ shows a reaction happened

x shows no reaction happened
- shows the experiment was not performed.

metal W metal X metal Y metal Z

solution of W nitrate - x x x
solution of X nitrate √ - √ √
solution of Y nitrate √ x - √
solution of Z nitrate √ x x -

(a) Place the metals in order of reactivity, starting with the most reactive.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

(b) Metal Z reacts with hydrochloric acid.

What would you see when metal Z reacts with hydrochloric acid?
Explain your reasoning.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..[2]

(c) The student carried out further experiments to place metal M in the list.
She used hydrochloric acid and samples of the metals.
She found out that metal M is the fourth most reactive metal.
Describe the experiments that the student carried out. Your answer should include
• the experiments that she carried out using dilute hydrochloric acid and
samples of the metals
• the measurements that she made
• how the results showed that metal M is the fourth most reactive metal.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..[3]

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(d) The five metals, W, X, Y, Z and M are extracted from their ores in three different
ways.
Two of the metals are extracted from their ores by electrolysis.
Metal M and one other metal are extracted by heating their ores with carbon.
One of the metals occurs uncombined.

(i) Suggest which other metal, W, X, Y or Z is extracted by heating its ores with
carbon. Explain.

……………………………………………………………………………………....

……………………………………………………………………………………....

……………………………………………………………………………………[3]

(ii) Suggest the name of metal M.

……………………………………………………………………………………[1]

[Total:10]

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 Chung Cheng High School (Yishun)
Secondary 4 Express Pure Chemistry Preliminary Examination 2018
Marking Scheme

Paper 2

Q/No. Marking points/Marker’s Report Marks

A1(a) A 1
(b) D 1
(c) D 1
(d) B,C 1
(e) B 1
Total: 5
A2(a) 3K + AlCl3 à 3KCl + Al 1
(b) Oxidation: K lost electron to form K+ 1
Reduction: Al3+ OR AlCl3 gained electrons to form Al 1
(c) K is more reactive than Al while Cu is less reactive than Al. 1
Thus K can reduce AlCl3 to Al but Cu cannot
(d) K will react with H2O to form KOH and H2
Or
K will explode with H2O 1
Or
AlCl3 is soluble in water
(e) Reaction
pathway
[1]
Ea
Ea 1

DH 1
DH

(f)(i) Energy of products is less than energy of reactants 1

(ii) Total energy taken in to break bonds in AlCl3 is
Less than
Total energy given out to form bonds in KCl
• Direction of energy flow 1
• Specific reactants and products 1
(g) At higher temperature, 1
more K and AlCl3 particles have energy equal to or greater than the Ea OR
K and AlCl3 particles have higher kinetic energy
hence frequency of collisions increase, leading to an increased rate of reaction 1
(h) Electronic structure of argon is 2, 8, 8. Argon has a complete and stable valence 1
shell hence is unreactive.
Total: 14
A3(a) Al2O3 is an amphoteric oxide. 1
1
Q/No. Marking points/Marker’s Report Marks
2-
(b) Anode: 2O (l) à O2 (g) + 2e 1
Cathode: Al3+ (l) + 3e à Al (l) 1
(c) 2

(d) The O2 produced at the anode burns (reacts with) the graphite (C) electrode at high 1
temperature
(e) Concentrated NaOH 1
(f) highly alkaline and highly soluble in water, will runoff easily into water body and 1
lower pH of the water, destroying the balance of the ecosystem.
(g) In aq. AlCl3, the H+ will be preferentially discharged over Al3+, 1
since H is less reactive than Al or producing H2 instead. 1
(h) No. Al will corrode preferentially over Fe. 1
(i) Al is lighter than Cu 1
(j) The different size Cu atoms disrupt the orderly arranged layers of Al atoms 1
Hence when a force is applied, harder for the the layers to slide over one another. 1
(k) Al is a finite resources which we need to conserve for future generation use. 1
Total: 15
A4(a) Heat the crude oil to vaporise the fractions 1
Longer chain kerosene will cool and condense before petrol in the fractionating 1
column and be separated from petrol.
(b) Cracking the long C-chain fraction, kerosene, C12H26, into shorter C-chain fractions 1
Increases the supply of the shorter C-chain fractions, which is higher in demand. 1
Full marks awarded for the idea of cracking long C-chain to meet higher demand for
the shorter C-chain
(c) C12H26 à C8H18 + C4H8 1
Total: 5
A5(a) H2 reacts with O2 to generate electricity directly 1
(b) Given: DHpetrol = -5450kJ/mol Given: DHH2 = -256kJ/mol 2
Mrpetrol = 8(12) + 18(1) = 114 MrH2 = 2(1) = 2
Per mol = 114 g à -5450kJ Per mol = 2 g à -256kJ
1 g à -5450kJ/114 1 g à -256kJ/2
= -47.8kJ = -128kJ
[1] for energy output for petrol [1] for energy output for H2
(c) Petrol is a liquid while H2 is a gas at room conditions. Hence 1
• it is easier to store petrol than H2
(to store H2, a pressurised container is needed to condense H2 to a liquid)
• for the same mass of petrol and H2, a larger volume container has to be
used to store H2 than petrol.
*note: 2 g of H2 = 1 mol of H2 = 24 dm3 = 24 l = 16 x 1.5 l coke bottle!
• For the same mole of petrol and H2 (per mol), petrol gives out 5450/256 ~ 21 1
times more energy than H2

• But comparing the same mass of petrol and H2 (per gram), H2 only gives out
128/47.8 ~ 2 times more energy than petrol
Candidates should be able to discuss at least 1 bullet point from each category.
Note to candidates: when comparing numbers, always use ratio.
(d) When used as fuel, H2 reacts with oxygen to form the harmless water 1
2
Q/No. Marking points/Marker’s Report Marks
but petrol burns to form the greenhouse gas, CO2, which will contribute to global 1
warming, leading to the melting of the ice caps, causing flooding of low land etc.
Total: 7
A6(a) Any ammonium containing salt: 1
ammonium nitrate/
ammonium chloride/
ammonium sulfate/
ammonium carbonate
(b) Calculation of Mr 1
Correct N:P:K ratio (whole number) 1
(c) Liming of soil uses Ca(OH)2 which will react with the ammonium fertiliser to form 1
NH3, which will escape into the air and reduce the N content for the crops.
Total: 4
B7(a)
physical state at
name of oxide formula oxidation number of N nature of oxide
r.t.p.

nitric oxide
NO gas +2 neutral
(nitrogen monoxide)

nitrogen dioxide NO 2 gas +4 acidic

nitrogen trioxide NO 3 very unstable +6 acidic

nitrous oxide
(laughing gas)
N 2O gas +1 neutral 2

nitrogen sesquioxide N 2O 3 liquid or solid +3 acidic

Dinitrogen tetroxide N 2O 4 solid +4 acidic

dinitrogen pentoxide N 2O 5 solid +5 acidic

dinitrogen hexoxide N 2O 6 very unstable +6 acidic

[1] [1]
(b) Oxidation number < +3 the oxides are neutral 1
Oxidation number >= +3 the oxides are acidic
(c)(i) NO2, N2O3, N2O5 1
(ii) As the molecular size/mass increases, more energy has to be absorbed to 1
overcome the stronger intermolecular forces of attraction
(d) Oxides of nitrogen are mostly acidic gases [from Table 7.1] 1
which can diffuse across land before dissolving in rainwater forming acid rain, 1
destroying crops, corroding marble and metal structures and lowering pH of water
body, causing harm to the aquatic life.
discussion should focus on “environmental concern”
(e) They have the same number of N and O atoms but the atoms are arranged/bonded 1
differently.
1

3
Q/No. Marking points/Marker’s Report Marks
(f) Irreversible
1
Concentration of C goes to 0 as time passes.
g(i) 2N2O5 (s) à 4NO2 (g) + O2 (g) 1
(ii) C 1
A
B
Total: 12
B8(a) Crush the leaves [to speed up extraction] 2
Add water [to dissolve the compound]
Filter [to remove the leaves]
Crystallise [to obtain the compound]
Every 2 correct steps = [1]
(b)(i) Compare his test results with the actual melting point of SG. 1
If not contaminated, the mp should be the same, [else would be lower] 1
[Max 1 mark for candidates stating the substance is pure if the melting pt. is fixed]
Idea of comparison must come in as 2 marks are given for this question
(ii) To make the colourless spot visible 1
Accept if candidates indicated that SG is colourless [given in Qn].
(iii) Student’s SG contains both pure SG, salt and 1
1 other unknown substance. 1
2 spots on the chromatogram are aligned to SG and salt, but there is a 3rd spot 1
that is not aligned to any known substance.
Total: 8
either All contains the –COOH which can 1
B9(a) partially dissociate/ionise in water to form H+ ions 1
(b) 1

(c) Yes. Both alanine have the same type and number of bonds. 1
(d)

(e) These monomers can polymerise with itself and also with the other 2 polymers at 1
random.
Total: 10

4
Q/No. Marking points/Marker’s Report Marks
Or Similarity: 1
B9(a) • same type of atoms, C, H and Cl
• covalent structure
Difference: 1
• PVDC have a lot more C, H and Cl atoms than C2H2Cl2
• PVDC does not have C=C but C2H2Cl2 have
(b) 1

(c) Mr C2H2Cl2 = 2(12) + 2(1) + 2(35.5) = 97 1

No. of repeating units = 82450/97 = 850 1
(d) Advantage: durable, long lasting, corrosion resistance 1
Disadvantage: cannot decompose naturally. When dispose off will cause landfill 1
problem.
(e) Chlorine atoms provide a different reaction path with lower activation energy for the 1
ozone molecules to breakdown.
Hence more ozone molecules have energy equal to or more than the new Ea, thus 1
increasing frequency of (effective) collision.
(f) The ozone layer reduce the amount of the harmful UV light entering the earth, which 1
can cause skin cancer.
Total: 10

5
 ( )
CHUNG CHENG HIGH SCHOOL (YISHUN)

Preliminary Examination (2018)

Secondary Four Express

Candidate
Name Register No. Class

CHEMISTRY 6092/02
16 Aug 2018
Paper 2
1 hour 45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, class and register number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You are to use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue, correction fluid or correction tape.

Section A (50 marks)

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Section B (30 marks)

Answer all three questions, the last question is in the form either/or.
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

At the end of the paper, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 2.

The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

For Examiner’s Use

Section A

Section B

Total

Setter: Mdm Tay HC

This document consists of 19 printed pages, INCLUDING the cover page.

[Turn over
CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 2 of 20
 Section A

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.

The total mark for this section is 50.

A1 The structures of four solids, A, B, C and D, are shown below.

A B

C D

Use the letters, A, B, C and D, to answer the following questions.

(a) Which structure best represents aluminium chloride?

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

(b) Which structure has the weakest forces of attraction?

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

(c) Which structure best represents a strong oxidising agent?

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

(d) Which structure/s conduct(s) electricity due to the movement of electrons?

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

(e) Which structure represents the material used as the anode during
electroplating of aluminium onto drink cans?

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

[Total: 5]

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 3 of 20

 A2 In the early 19th century, a chemist, Frederich Wöhler, isolated aluminium metal
by reacting potassium with aluminium chloride at high temperature.

(a) Write an equation to show the isolation of aluminium using potassium.

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

(b) Explain, in terms of electron transfer, why the reaction is a redox reaction.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[2]

(c) Explain why he used the dangerous and expensive potassium to prepare
aluminium rather than the safe and cheaper copper.

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

(d) Suggest why it was essential that Frederich Wöhler kept water away from
his reacting chemicals.

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

(e) The diagram shows the energy levels of the reactants and products for
this reaction.

reactants
energy

products

progress of reaction

Complete the diagram by

• drawing in the reaction pathway for the reaction,

• showing clearly the activation energy, Ea,

• showing the enthalpy change for the reaction, DH. [3]

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 4 of 20
 (f) The overall energy change for the reaction is exothermic.

(i) Explain how the diagram shows this.

……………………………………………………………………………...[1]

(ii) Explain, in terms of bond breaking and bond making, why this
reaction is exothermic.

………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………...[2]

(g) Explain, in terms of reacting particles, why the rate of reaction increased
when the reaction is carried out at a higher temperature.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[2]

(h) A modern scientist recommended performing Frederich Wöhler’s

experiment in an atmosphere filled with inert argon.

Explain, in terms of electronic structure, why argon can provide an inert

environment for the reaction.

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

[Total: 14]

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 5 of 20

 A3 Aluminium is extracted using electrolysis in the modern society.

In the extraction of aluminium from aluminium ore, concentrated sodium

hydroxide is used to dissolve aluminium oxide to separate it from the insoluble
metal oxide impurities. The resulting sodium hydroxide and aluminium oxide
solution is heated to high temperature before electrolysed using graphite
electrodes, to form molten aluminium. Carbon dioxide is formed in the process.

Aluminium is an important metal in our life. Besides making drink cans, it has a
wide range of other uses, such as making overhead cables and aircraft bodies.

(a) Explain why concentrated sodium hydroxide can be used to dissolve

aluminium oxide.

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

(b) Write equations, with state symbols, for the reactions that happen at each
electrode during the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide.

at the anode:

at the cathode:

[2]

(c) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram to show the bonding in carbon dioxide.

Show only the valence electrons.

[2]

(d) Suggest how carbon dioxide is formed during the electrolysis.

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 6 of 20

 (e) State the substance left in the extraction tank after all the aluminium had
been extracted.

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

(f) Explain why the substance stated in (e) would cause harm if it was
released directly into the environment.

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

(g) Explain why extraction of aluminium cannot be done using aqueous

aluminium chloride.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[2]

(h) Some drink cans are made from iron electroplated with aluminium.

Aluminium is a more reactive metal than iron. If the aluminium coating is

scratched, would you expect the iron underneath to rust?

Explain your answer.

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

(i) Suggest a reason why aluminium is used for overhead cables rather than
the cheaper copper.

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

(j) Aluminium used for making aircraft bodies have to be mixed with a small
amount of copper.

Use ideas about the arrangement of atoms in the mixture to explain why.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[2]

(k) Suggest a reason, other than cost, why it is important to recycle aluminium.

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

[Total: 15]

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 7 of 20

 A4 Electrolysis is a high cost process. Most of our electricity comes from the
burning of fossil fuels, especially crude oil.

Crude oil can be separated into different fractions, such as kerosene and petrol.

Kerosene contains mostly C12H26 while petrol contains mostly C8H18.

(a) Describe the process of separating kerosene and petrol by fractional

distillation.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[2]

(b) Kerosene is processed by cracking in an oil refinery.

Explain why cracking of kerosene is an important process in an oil refinery.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[2]

(c) When one molecule of kerosene cracks, it produces one molecule of

petrol and one other product.

Write an equation for this reaction.

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

[Total: 5]

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 8 of 20

 A5 Hydrogen is an alternative renewable and clean fuel source to generate
electricity. It is the main fuel used in fuel cells.

The table gives some data about two fuels, petrol (C8H18) and hydrogen.

melting boiling energy change of combustion

fuel
point/oC point/oC (kJ/mol)
petrol -60 95 5450

hydrogen -259 -252 256

(a) Describe how electricity is generated in hydrogen fuel cells.

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

(b) Calculate the energy output for 1 g of each fuel.

[2]

(c) Use the values you have calculated and information in the table, suggest
reasons why petrol is a preferred fuel over hydrogen.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[2]

(d) Explain why hydrogen is a clean fuel but petrol is not.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[2]

[Total: 7]

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 9 of 20

 A6 Hydrogen is an essential reactant in the Haber process, reacting with nitrogen
to form ammonia gas.

The ammonia gas produced in the Haber process is mainly converted into
fertilisers for agricultural use.

(a) Name a fertiliser produced from ammonia gas.

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

(b) Every bag of fertiliser has a label which gives the N : P : K ratio.

The N : P : K ratio shows the ratio by mass of nitrogen, phosphorus and

potassium in the fertiliser. The N : P : K values are always quoted as
whole number.

Calculate the N : P : K ratio for the fertiliser you have named in (a).

[2]

(c) Explain why liming of soil should never be done after the soil was treated
with ammonium fertilisers.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

[Total: 4]

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 10 of 20

 Section B

Answer all three questions in this section.

The last question is in the form of an either/or and only one of the alternatives should
be attempted.

B7 Table 7.1 shows some information of the oxides formed by nitrogen.

physical oxidation
nature of
name of oxide formula state at number of
oxide
r.t.p. N

nitric oxide
NO gas +2 neutral
(nitrogen monoxide)

nitrogen dioxide NO2 gas +4 acidic

very
nitrogen trioxide NO3 +6
unstable

nitrous oxide
N2 O gas +1
(laughing gas)

liquid or
nitrogen sesquioxide N2O3 acidic
solid

Dinitrogen tetroxide N2O4 solid +4 acidic

dinitrogen pentoxide N2O5 solid acidic

very
dinitrogen hexoxide N2O6 +6 acidic
unstable

Table 7.1

N2O3 is an interesting oxide as it can exist in different forms.

Two different molecules of N2O3 are shown below.

molecule 1 molecule 2

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 11 of 20

 Another interesting oxide of nitrogen is dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5. Gaseous
N2O5, breaks down to form nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. Graph 7.2 below
shows the concentration of the three gases during the reaction.

AA
concentration of gas

time
Graph 7.2

(a) Complete Table 7.1 to show to show the oxidation number of nitrogen in
the different oxides and the nature of the oxides. [2]

(b) From your answers in (a), what is the relationship between the oxidation
number of nitrogen and the nature of the oxides of nitrogen?

………………………………………………………………………………….......

………………………………………………………………………………….......

…………………………………………………………………………………... [1]

(c) (i) Arrange the following substances, N2O3, N2O5 and NO2, in increasing
order of melting points.

……………………………………………………………………………...[1]

(ii) Suggest a reason why their melting points shows such a trend.

………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………...[1]

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 12 of 20

 (d) Using the information from Table 7.1, explain why oxides of nitrogen pose
a serious cross-border environmental concern.

…………………………………………………………………………………........

…………………………………………………………………………………........

…………………………………………………………………………………........

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[2]

(e) “Molecule 1 and molecule 2 are isomers of N2O3.”

(i) Explain why the above statement is correct.

………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………...[1]

(ii) Draw another isomer of N2O3.

[1]

(f) From Graph 7.2, predict whether the reaction is reversible or irreversible.

Explain your reasoning.

…………………………………………………………………………………........

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

(g) (i) Write the chemical equation, including state symbols, for the
decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide.

……………………………………………………………………………...[1]

(ii) Hence deduce which graph, A, B and C, represents

dinitrogen pentoxide: ……………………

nitrogen dioxide: …………………………

oxygen: …………………………………... [1]

[Total: 12]

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 13 of 20

 B8 Steviol glycosides, a natural sweetener, can be extracted from the leaves of the
Stevia plant. Steviol glycosides are stable to heat and dissolve well in water to
form a colourless solution.

You may use SG to refer to steviol glycosides in answering this question.

(a) Describe how steviol glycosides can be extracted from stevia leaves.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[2]

(b) A student extracted a sample of steviol glycosides. He thinks he

accidentally contaminated it with some salt.

(i) The student tests the melting point of his sample of steviol glycosides.

Explain how he can use the result of the test to find out whether his
sample of steviol glycosides contains salt.

………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………...[2]

The student uses chromatography and a locating agent to produce a

chromatogram.

He uses his own steviol glycosides and pure samples of steviol glycosides
and salt.

The diagram shows his chromatogram.

• •

• •

• • •

student’s pure steviol

salt
sample glycosides

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 14 of 20

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 15 of 20
 (ii) Explain why a locating agent needs to be used.

……………………………………………………………………………...[1]

(iii) What information does the chromatogram give about the purity of the
student’s steviol glycosides?

Explain your reasoning.

………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………...[3]

[Total: 8]

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 16 of 20

 EITHER

B9 Lactic acid, a-alanine and b-alanine are three naturally occurring acids.

Their formulae are:

lactic acid CH3CH(OH)COOH

a-alanine CH3CH(NH2)COOH
b-alanine NH2CH2CH2COOH

(a) Explain why these three compounds are considered as weak acid.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[2]

(b) Draw and label the displayed formulae of a-alanine and b-alanine.

[2]

(c) The same number of mole of a-alanine and b-alanine each burn to
produce the same amount of products.

Do you expect their enthalpy change of combustion to be the same?

Explain your answer.

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 17 of 20

 (d) Draw the structural formulae of two different possible small organic
molecules formed when lactic acid reacts with a-alanine.

[4]

(e) The three acids can undergo polymerisation with each other.

One possible structure of the polymer formed is shown below.

lactic acid a-alanine b-alanine

Explain why when a mixture of the three acids polymerises, the polymer is
unlikely to contain only this regular, repeating pattern.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

[Total: 10]

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 18 of 20

 OR

B9 1,1-dichloroethene, C2H2Cl2, undergoes polymerisation to form polyvinylidene

chloride (PVDC). The most well-known use of PVDC is as plastic food wrap.
PVDC is non-biodegradable. The only way to dispose of PVDC is to incinerate
it. But incinerating used PVDC causes serious environmental problems.

(a) Describe one similarity and one difference in structure, between 1,1-
dichloroethene and polyvinylidene chloride.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[2]

(b) Draw part of the structure of a PVDC polymer, showing three repeating
units.

[1]

(c) Calculate the number of repeating units in a PVDC polymer if it has a

relative molecular mass of 82450.

[2]

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 19 of 20

 (d) Explain why being non-biodegradable is both an advantage and a
disadvantage.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[2]

(e) Incinerating PVDC releases chlorine gas which breaks down into chlorine
atoms at high altitude.

Chlorine atoms catalyse the breakdown of ozone molecules into oxygen.

Explain in terms of energy and particle collisions, how chlorine atoms

catalyse the breakdown of ozone molecules.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[2]

(f) Explain why it is important that the ozone layer is not destroyed.

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…...[1]

[Total: 10]

CCHY Preliminary Examination Sec 4 Express Chemistry (6092) Page 20 of 20

 COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2018

CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2
Name: ____________________________________( ) Class: ___________

Secondary Four Express Thurs 23 Aug 2018

6092/02 1 h 45 min
0800 – 0945 h

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, index number and class on the question paper and any separate answer
sheets used.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough work.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
An approved scientific calculator may be used.

Section A
Answer all questions in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.

Section B
Answer all three questions. The last question is in the form of either/or and only one of the
alternatives should be attempted.
Circle the question B11E or B11O that you have attempted.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 18.

For Examiner’s Use
Section A / 50

B9 / 10

B10 / 10

B11 E / O / 10

Total / 80

Parent’s / Guardian’s Signature

This paper consists of <18> printed pages including the cover page.
[Turn over
 2

Section A (50 marks) For

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. examiner’s
use

A1 The diagram shows part of the Periodic Table. Only some of the elements are shown.

Answer each of the following questions using only those elements shown in the diagram.
Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Give one element which

(a) combines with oxygen to form a gas which contributes to acid rain.

[1]

(b) forms an ion of type X+ which has only three completely filled shells of electrons.

[1]

(c) has an atom with only six electrons.

[1]

(d) has a chloride of type XCl2, whose aqueous solution forms a white precipitate on
addition of sodium hydroxide.

[1]

[Total: 4]

A2 Neon, argon, krypton and xenon are four of the noble gases. They are monatomic
elements.

(a) What is meant by the term monatomic?

[1]

(b) Explain why the noble gases are very unreactive.

[1]

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 3

(c) Chemists have discovered that some noble gases can form compounds. For
A 1.000 g sample of one of these compounds contains 0.549 g of xenon, 0.134 g of examiner’s
use
oxygen and 0.317 g of fluorine.

(i) Calculate the empirical formula of this compound.

empirical formula ………………………………………… [2]

(ii) What extra information is needed to deduce the molecular formula of this
compound?

[1]

(d) Describe and explain how fractional distillation can be used to separate a mixture of
neon, argon, krypton and xenon.

[3]

[Total: 8]

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 4

A3 The structures of graphite and boron nitride are shown below. For
examiner’s
use

(a) Like graphite, boron nitride feels slippery to the touch.

Explain, in terms of bonding and structure, why boron nitride feels slippery to the
touch.

[2]

(b) An isotope of boron is represented by the symbol 105𝐵.

Deduce the number of protons and neutrons in this isotope of boron.

number of protons …………………………………………………………………………..

number of neutrons ……………………………………………………………………….... [1]

(c) Explain, in terms of bonding and structure, why graphite has a high melting point.

[2]

[Total: 5]

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 5

A4 The flow chart shows some reactions of copper(II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2. For
examiner’s
use

(a) When Cu(NO3)2 is heated strongly, CuO, A and B are made.

(i) Write the formula for B.

[1]

(ii) Construct the equation for the action of heat on Cu(NO3)2.

[1]

(b) Aqueous copper(II) nitrate is warmed with aqueous sodium hydroxide and
aluminium powder. Name C and D.

C is ………………………………………………………………………………………...

D is ………………………………………………………………………………………... [2]

(c) Suggest the name of reagent X and construct the ionic equation, with state
symbols, for the formation of the green precipitate, CuCO3.

name of reagent X ………………………………………………………………………….

ionic equation ……………………………………………………………………………….. [3]

[Total: 7]

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 6

A5 Ozone molecules are continually being broken down and formed in the upper For
atmosphere. examiner’s
use

(a) The equation shows one way in which ozone is formed in the upper atmosphere.

O2 + O  O3 ΔH = –392 kJ / mol

(i) Explain, in terms of bond breaking and bond forming, why this reaction is
exothermic.

[2]

(ii) When one mole of oxygen molecules reacts, 392 kJ of energy is released.
Calculate the amount of energy released when 48.0 g of oxygen molecules
react.

energy released = …………………………….kJ [2]

(b) Name a substance that depletes ozone in the upper atmosphere.

[1]

[Total: 5]

A6 (a) The diagram below shows an experiment set-up.

concentrated
sodium sulfate
with litmus
solution
copper(II) nitrate
solution

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 7

(i) State the negative electrode found in Cell Two. Give a reason for your For
answer. examiner’s
use

[1]

(ii) Complete on the diagram in Cell One to show the volume of products
collected in tube X and Y. Label clearly the products collected in each tube [1]

(iii) Explain your answer to (aii).

[2]

(b) In another experiment, aqueous copper(II) sulfate is electrolysed using platinum

electrodes. Copper(II) ions are reduced to copper at the negative electrode.
Oxygen is formed at the positive electrode by loss of electrons from hydroxide ions.

(i) Give the formulae of all the ions present in aqueous copper(II) sulfate.

[1]

(ii) Explain why the solution becomes acidic as the electrolysis proceeds.

[2]

(iii) Explain why the blue colour of the aqueous copper(II) sulfate fades as the
electrolysis proceeds.

[1]

[Total: 8]

A7 Iodine reacts with chlorine to form iodine(I) chloride, ICl.

I2 + Cl2  2ICl

Iodine(I) chloride reacts in a similar way to both iodine and chlorine.

(a) Sodium reacts with iodine(I) chloride.

Construct the equation for the reaction between sodium and iodine(I) chloride.

[1]

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 8

(b) Iodine(I) chloride reacts with ethene. For

Draw the full structural formulae of the product in this reaction. examiner’s
use

[1]

(c) Iodine(I) chloride reacts with ethane in the presence of ultraviolet light.
Deduce the type of reaction that takes place and construct an equation for this
reaction.

Type of reaction ……………………………………………………………………............

Equation …………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]

(d) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram to show a molecule of iodine(I) chloride.

Only show the outer shell electrons.

[2]

[Total: 6]

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 9

For
examiner’s
use
A8 A sample of 3.36 g of magnesium carbonate powder was divided equally into two
portions. One portion was added into dilute hydrochloric acid and the other portion was
added into dilute sulfuric acid. The volume and concentration of acids used were both
25.0 cm3 and 5.00 mol/dm3 respectively. Fig. 8 below (G1 and G2) show the volume of
the gas collected over time.

Fig. 8

(a) Which graph represents the results for hydrochloric acid? Explain your answer in
terms of particle collision.

Graph …………….

[4]

(b) Another experiment was carried out by adding 2.00 g calcium carbonate powder
into 25.0 cm3 of sulfuric acid of concentration 5.00 mol/dm3. On the same axes in
Fig 8, sketch the graph you will expect to obtain and label it C. [1]

(c) Explain the shape of your graph in (b).

[2]

[Total: 7]

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 10

Section B (30 marks) For

Answer all three questions from this section. examiner’s
use
The last question is in the form of either/or and only one of the alternatives should be attempted.

B9 The Haber process produces ammonia from the reaction between nitrogen and
hydrogen.

A series of experiments were carried out using different temperatures and catalysts to
determine the percentage yield of ammonia after 3 hours, 24 hours and 30 days. The
table shows the results obtained.

% yield of ammonia
Experiment Catalyst Temperature /oC after after after 30
3h 24h days

1 None 400 2 4 23
2 None 500 3 5 17
3 Aluminium 400 2 4 23
4 Aluminium 500 3 5 17
5 Calcium 400 3 6 23
6 Calcium 500 4 7 17
7 Iron 400 18 21 23
8 Iron 500 7 9 17
9 Osmium 400 20 23 23
10 Osmium 500 8 10 17

(a) (i) Transition metals are more effective than main Group metals as
catalysts. Explain how the information in the table supports this statement.

[2]

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 11

(ii) A student wrote this conclusion based on the results in the table. For
examiner’s
use
Catalysts speed up reactions but do not affect the final yield.

Do you agree with this conclusion?

Use the results to explain your reasoning.

[2]

(b) The graph shows the yield of ammonia when the reaction is carried out at various
temperature and pressure.
Yield of ammonia (%)

Pressure (atm)

(i) Explain, in terms of collisions between (reacting) particles, how a lower

temperature affects the rate of reaction in the reactor.

[2]

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 12

(ii) Predict how a lower temperature affects the relative amounts of ammonia, For
nitrogen and hydrogen that leave the main reactor. examiner’s
use

Explain your reasoning.

[2]

(iii) What effect does a lower temperature have on the final amount of ammonia
made from a fixed amount of nitrogen and hydrogen?

Explain your reasoning.

[2]

[Total: 10]

B10 (a) In an experiment, small amount of three transition metals, zinc, nickel and copper,
were added separately to their metal nitrate solutions. The results of the reactions
with zinc and copper are shown in the table.

aqueous aqueous nickel(II) aqueous copper(II)

zinc nitrate nitrate nitrate
Green solution Blue solution turned
turned colourless colourless and grey
Zinc and grey metal metal coated with a
coated with a silvery reddish brown
solid solid

copper no visible reaction no visible reaction

(i) Describe the observations expected when nickel is added to aqueous zinc
nitrate and aqueous copper(II) nitrate.

aqueous aqueous
zinc nitrate copper(II) nitrate

nickel

[2]

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 13

(ii) Give the ionic equation for the reaction between zinc and aqueous For
copper(II) nitrate. examiner’s
use

[1]

(iii) In terms of oxidation state, explain why the reaction in (aii) is a redox
reaction.

[2]

(b) Hydrated nickel(II) nitrate, Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, can be produced by reacting excess

nickel(II) carbonate with dilute nitric acid. The resulting mixture is then filtered and
heated to saturation. Green nickel(II) nitrate crystals can be obtained by allowing
the saturated solution to cool at room temperature.

(i) Explain why it is necessary to add nickel(II) carbonate in excess to dilute

nitric acid.

[1]

(ii) Explain why nickel(II) nitrate crystals were obtained by allowing the
saturated solution to cool at room temperature instead of heating to
dryness.

[1]

(iii) 25.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol/dm3 dilute nitric acid was reacted with excess
nickel(II) carbonate in an experiment to produce hydrated nickel(II) nitrate.

Given that 2 moles of nitic acid is required to react to produce 1 mole of

hydrated nickel(II) nitrate, calculate the percentage yield if 2.00 g of
hydrated nickel(II) nitrate crystals were obtained at the end of the reaction.

[3]

[Total: 10]

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 14

Either For
examiner’s
use
B11 (a) The table below shows the boiling points of five hydrocarbons. Four of the
hydrocarbons belong to the same homologous series.

Number of carbon
Hydrocarbon Boiling point / °C
atom per molecule
A 2 – 87
B 3 –6
C 4 11
D 5 47
E 6 77

(i) Describe clearly, what is meant by ‘homologous series’?

[1]

(ii) Plot on the graph paper provided, the boiling point of hydrocarbon against the
number of carbon atom present per molecule. [2]

(iii) Hence, identify the hydrocarbon that does not belong to the homologous
series.

[1]

(iv) Describe and explain the trend shown on the graph drawn in (aii).

[3]

(b) Kevlar is a man-made polymer that is currently used in bullet-proof vests and cars.
Its full structural formula is shown below:

(i) State the type of reaction that is involved in the formation of Kevlar.

[1]

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 15

(ii) Draw the monomers that are used to make Kevlar. For
examiner’s
use

[2]

[Total: 10]

OR

B11 (a) 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, also known as isooctane, is an isomer of octane C8H18.

The structures of isooctane and octane are shown in Fig. 11.1.

isooctane octane

Fig. 11.1

The enthalpy changes of combustion and boiling points for isooctane and octane
are given in Table 11.1.

Table 11.1

enthalpy change of
hydrocarbon boiling point/ C
combustion/ kJ mol-1
isooctane - 5460 99.3
octane - 5460 126.1

(i) Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of isooctane.

[1]

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 16

(ii) Suggest why the enthalpy change of combustion for isooctane and octane For
are the same. examiner’s
use

[2]

(iii) Draw the structural formula of two other isomers of octane, C8H18.

[2]

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 17

(b) Spider silk is composed of polyamide chains mainly made from amino acids. For
Fig. 11.2 shows the structural formula of the three main amino acid, examiner’s
use
glycine, alanine and serine, found in spider silk.

glycine alanine serine

Fig. 11.2

(i) Assuming spider silk is made from repetitive sequences of

–glycine–alanine–serine–, draw the structural formula of the repeat unit of
the polyamide chain.

[2]

(ii) The Mr of each polyamide chain is about 600 000.

Assuming the polyamide chain is made from equal amounts of the above
three amino acids, calculate the average number of amino acid monomers
in each polyamide chain.

[3]

[Total: 10]

** END OF PAPER **

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 18

For
examiner’s
use

COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL 2018 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM

 Class Register Number

Name

6092/02
21/Prelim/6092/2
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2
Tuesday 31 August 2021 1 hour 45 minutes
VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA
VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA
VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA
VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA

VICTORIA SCHOOL

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
SECONDARY FOUR

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, class and index number on all the work you
hand in. Section A / 50
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Section B / 30
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

Section A
Total / 80
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Section B Deductions
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
Presentation

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of Significant Figures

each question or part question.
Units
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

A copy of Periodic Table is printed on page 21.

Setters: G. Oei, Wong L.S.

This question paper consists of 21 printed pages, including the cover page.
[Turn Over
 2

Section A (50 marks)

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

A1 Complete the following crossword puzzle.

The first one has been done for you.

Down

(1) brown
When dissolved in water, iodine forms a ………………………….. solution.

(2) Bromine would be able to displace ………………………….. from its aqueous salt.

(3) All halogens exist as ………………………….. molecules.

(4) …………………………..is the most reactive halogen.

Across

(5) 35-Cl and 37-Cl are ………………………….. of chlorine.

(6) Halogen displacement is an example of a ………………………….. reaction. [5]

[Total: 5]

© Victoria School 21/4P/6092/2

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A2 Beskar is a fictional substance from the Star Wars

universe. It is most famously used as the armour of
various characters like Boba Fett and Din Djarin.

Beskar is lightweight metal noted to be highly

resistant to many kinds of damage that would destroy
lesser materials, like steel. However, given its
properties, some claim that beskar is an alloy rather
than a naturally occuring metal.

(a) With the aid of a labelled diagram, explain why it is likely that beskar is an alloy instead
of a naturally occurring metal.

.………………………………………………………………………………………………….…

.………………………………………………………………………………………………….…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

.………………………………………………………………………………………………….…

.………………………………………………………………………………………………….…

………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3]

(b) Beskar (symbol: Bs) is a shiny grey metal that has the following properties.

relative melting density / compounds formed with

atomic mass point / °C kg/m3 chlorine
BsCl2 BsCl4
(red solid, (yellow solid,
110 2070 8050 dissolves to decomposes
dark purple rapidly to from
solution) BsCl2)

(i) Where is beskar likely to be found in the Periodic Table?

…………………………………………………………………………………………[1]

Image: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/11/arts/television/mandalorian-recap-mask.html

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(ii) 2000 g of impure beskar metal was reacted with excess dilute sulfuric acid to form
3020 g of beskar(IV) sulfate.

Calculate the percentage purity of the beskar.

[2]

(iii) Explain, in terms of oxidation state, why the reaction in (b)(ii) a redox reaction.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

…….................................................................................................................[2]

(iv) Based on the information from (b)(i) to (b)(ii), state what would be observed in the
solution when a piece of beskar metal is placed into a beaker of aqueous copper(II)
chloride.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………[1]

[Total: 9]

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A3 Lead is a health hazard, especially when found in water. Thus most developed countries
routinely test their water sources to determine the levels of lead(II) ions present. According to
the World Health Organisation, there should not be more than 5 x 10-6 g/dm3 of lead(II) ions in
water.

In order to determine the amount of lead(II) ions in 10 dm3 of lake water, a scientist added
excess aqueous sodium chloride to the water and weighed the mass of lead(II) chloride
precipitate formed. He found that 0.000278 g of lead(II) chloride was formed.

(a) (i) Calculate the concentration of lead(II) ions present in the lake water in g/dm3.

Hence, comment if the lake water is safe to drink.

[3]

(ii) However, his colleague commented that his experiment was flawed as another
analysis detected the presence of silver ions in the lake, which would result in the
concentration of lead(II) ions being higher than expected.

Explain, with the help of an ionic equation, with state symbols, why this ion would
cause the reading to be higher than expected.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

…….................................................................................................................[3]

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(b) In addition, the lake was found to have higher than normal amounts of H+ and NO3- ions.

(i) Complete the table below to show how one can prove that NO3- ions are present
in the lake water.

test positive result

[1]

(ii) The map below shows the area around the lake in this question.

Lake
Coal Mine
Housing Estate

Forest Main Highway

Wind Turbine Power Plant

Study the map above and place a tick in the box corresponding to the location that
is responsible for producing the pollutant that leads to the high concentration of H+
and NO3- ions.

Hence, name the pollutant and explain how it is formed.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

…….................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 9]

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A4 Styrene (Mr: 104) exists as a colourless oily liquid at room temperature. The structure of
styrene is shown below.

For the purposes of this question, it may be assumed that the benzene ring ( ) is inert.

However, when exposed to air, heat or light, it quickly undergoes addition polymerisation to
form a hard, rubber like solid, poly(styrene).

(a) (i) Draw the repeating unit of poly(styrene).

[1]

(ii) Explain why this process is known as addition polymerisation.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

…….................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) Describe one environmental problem that polymers like poly(styrene) pose.

.................................................................................................................................

…….................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Ethylbenzene is very similar to styrene, but will not undergo addition polymerisation.
The structure of ethylbenzene is shown below.

Besides polymerisation, describe how one can distinguish between a sample of

ethylbenzene and a sample of styrene.

Your answer should include any observations seen.

……...................................................................................................................................

……...................................................................................................................................

……………….................................................................................................................[2]

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(c) Heat of polymerisation is the energy absorbed or released when 1 mole of monomer(s)
undergoes polymerisation.

Nylon 6,6 has the following monomers,

monomer A (Mr: 146) monomer B (Mr: 116)

The heat of polymerisation of nylon 6,6 is +13.9 kJ/mol.

(i) Write the chemical equation for the polymerisation of nylon 6,6.

Show all organic molecules as displayed formula.

[2]

(ii) Calculate the energy change when 365 g of monomer A reacts with monomer B.

[2]
© Victoria School 21/4P/6092/2
 9

(iii) Draw a labelled energy profile diagram for the polymerisation of nylon 6,6.

In your diagram, include the activation energy (Ea) and the enthalpy change (ΔH)
of the reaction.

You may use the word equation for your energy profile diagram.

energy / kJ

progress of reaction
[3]

[Total : 13 marks]

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A5 Ethanol is an organic molecule with the formula C2H6O with a boiling point of 78 °C. It is a
volatile, flammable and colourless liquid with a slight characteristic odour.

Ethanol is produced by the fermentation of glucose solution by yeast as shown by the equation
below.

C6H12O6 (aq) → 2C2H6O (aq) + 2CO2 (g) ΔH = -72 kJ/mol

(a) How does this reaction show that glucose is not an element?

……...................................................................................................................................

……………….................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Explain, in terms of bond breaking and bond forming, why fermentation is exothermic.

……...................................................................................................................................

……...................................................................................................................................

……...................................................................................................................................

……………….................................................................................................................[2]

(c) (i) 135 g of glucose undergoes fermentation to form ethanol.

Assuming a yield of 15%, calculate the mass of ethanol formed.

[2]

(ii) Suggest a method that can be used to separate pure ethanol from the remaining
glucose solution.

………...…………………………………………………………..……………………[1]

(d) (i) In the space below, draw the arrangement of particles in a sample of ethanol at
80 °C.

[1]

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(ii) Explain, using kinetic particle theory, why one would be able to smell ethanol from
the other side of a room.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

...………................................................................................................................[2]

[Total : 9]

A6 Long chain alkanes are usually broken down to produce hydrogen gas as well as shorter
chain alkenes and alkanes.

(a) During one such reaction, 1 mole of decane (C10H22) is broken down into 1 mole of
ethane (C2H6) and 2 moles of hydrocarbon, X, as the only products.

(i) State the formula of hydrocarbon X.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...[1]

(ii) Draw the full structural formula of a possible product formed when ethane is
reacted with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet light.

[1]

(b) 100 g of another hydrocarbon (Mr: 114) was analysed and found to comprise 15.8 g of
hydrogen.

Calculate the empirical formula and hence determine the molecular formula of the
hydrocarbon.

[3]

[Total: 5]
© Victoria School 21/4P/6092/2
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Section B (30 marks)

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

The last question is in the form of an either / or and only one of the alternatives should be attempted.

B7 The composition of seawater

Our oceans hold about 1.5 x 1018 tonnes of water, which in turn contains 5 x 1016 tonnes of
dissolved salts. Table 7.1 lists some of the most common ions in seawater.

Table 7.1

percentage by mass of the concentration concentration

ion
total dissolved solids / % in mg/dm3 in mol/dm3
-
chloride, Cl 55.04 19,000 0.535

sodium, Na+ 30.42 10,500 0.457

sulfate, SO42- 7.69 2,655 0.0276

magnesium, Mg2+ 3.91 1,350 0.0563

calcium, Ca2+ 1.16 400 0.0100

potassium , K+ 1.10 380 0.00974

carbonate, CO32- 0.41 140 0.0233

-
bromide, Br 0.19 65 0.000813

other rare ions 0.08 - -

1 tonne = 1000 kg 1 g = 1000 mg

Salinity is the measure of the concentration of salts dissolved in seawater. On average,

seawater has a salinity of 3.5 %. The concentration of the dissolved salts in g/dm3 may be
calculated by using the following equation.

concentration (in g/dm3) = salinity (%) x 10.24

The seawater provides rich sources of minerals. Crude sodium chloride is obtained by
evaporating seawater in small shallow pits. The crude sodium chloride is further purified to
make it fit for consumption. Magnesium and bromine are two other elements obtained from
seawater.

Extraction of magnesium from seawater

Step 1: A slurry solution of calcium hydroxide is added into seawater. This will precipitate out
magnesium hydroxide from magnesium chloride which is found in seawater.

MgCl2(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → Mg(OH)2(s) + CaCl2(aq)

Step 2: The magnesium hydroxide is separated from the mixture and reacted with dilute
hydrochloric acid to form a solution of magnesium chloride. The solution is heated to
dryness to obtain anhydrous magnesium chloride before the magnesium chloride is
fed into the electrolytic cell shown in Fig. 7.2.

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Another extraction method involves heating the magnesium hydroxide to form

magnesium oxide before feeding it into a similar electrolytic cell as shown in Fig. 7.2.
A small amount of impurities is added into the electrolyte in both cases to lower the
working temperature of the electrolytic tank.

Step 3: Fig. 7.2 shows the electrolysis of the molten magnesium compound. Iron, with a
melting point of 1538 °C is used to build the tank where the electrolysis is carried out.

unreactive
graphite anode (+) gas out
gaseous product

unreactive iron tank cathode (–)

gas in
molten magnesium

molten magnesium compound

with added impurities
Figure 7.2

The table below compares the electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride and
magnesium oxide.

molten electrolyte magnesium chloride magnesium oxide

calcium chloride and magnesium fluoride and

impurities added
sodium chloride lithium fluoride

working temperature 670 °C 810 °C

need not be replaced

graphite anode must be regularly replaced
regularly

(a) (i) How does the data in Table 7.1 show that sodium chloride is not totally responsible
for all the chloride ions in seawater?

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[1]

(ii) By calculating the concentration of the salts in seawater, explain why the salinity
of seawater cannot be due to sodium chloride alone.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[2]

(b) Name the process to separate magnesium hydroxide from the mixture in Step 1 during
the extraction of magnesium from seawater.

…………………………………………...………………………………………………..…….[1]

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(c) From the information given, deduce the trend in solubility of the Group II metal
hydroxides as the proton number increases.

…………………………………………...………………………………………………..…….[1]

(d) Name the unreactive gas pumped into the electrolytic tank

Explain why it is used instead of air.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………...………………………………………………..…….[2]

(e) Manufacturers prefer the extraction of magnesium from magnesium chloride because it
is cheaper and the products are purer.

(i) Explain why the extraction process is cheaper with magnesium chloride.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[2]

(ii) By writing an appropriate ionic equation, explain why the gaseous product at the
anode is not pure when magnesium oxide is used.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[1]

(f) (i) From the information given in the passage, estimate the melting point of
magnesium.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[1]

(ii) Compare the density of molten magnesium with the molten magnesium compound
electrolyte.

Explain your answer.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[1]

[Total: 12]

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B8 (a) Hydrazine, N2H4, is a toxic, colourless and flammable liquid. It burns cleanly in oxygen
to produce nitrogen gas and no harmful pollutants.

(i) Draw the dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in hydrazine.

Show all the electrons in your diagram.

[2]

(ii) With reference to the bonding in hydrazine, explain its physical state at room
temperature and pressure.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[1]

(iii) Write a balanced equation for the combustion of hydrazine in oxygen.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[1]

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(b) The reaction between aqueous hydrazine (N2H4) and aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
in the presence aqueous copper(II) ions is represented by the equation below.

Cu2+(aq)
N2H4(aq) + 2H2O2(aq) N2(g) + 4H2O(l) ∆H = -ve

An experiment was conducted to study how the rate of the above reaction was affected
by the concentration of the reactants.

The results are shown below.

concentration of
rate of evolution of N2
expt. N2H4 H2O2 Cu2+ in cm3/min
in mol/dm3 in mol/dm3 in mol/dm3

1 16 ×10-3 65 ×10-3 1.23 ×10-6 7.3

2 33 ×10-3 65 ×10-3 1.23 ×10-6 7.4

3 16 ×10-3 33 ×10-3 1.23 ×10-6 3.7

4 33 ×10-3 131 ×10-3 1.23 ×10-6 15.0

5 16 ×10-3 65 ×10-3 2.46 ×10-6 14.9

6 33 ×10-3 131 ×10-3 2.46 ×10-6 30.4

(i) By using the information given, describe how the rate of evolution of nitrogen gas
is affected by the change in the concentration of hydrazine, hydrogen peroxide and
copper(II) ions.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[3]

(ii) A student commented that the volume of nitrogen gas collected when a higher
concentration of reactant is used will be inaccurate.

Explain why the student is correct.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[1]

[Total: 8]

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Either

B9 (a) Citric acid ionises when it is dissolved in water.

+ 3H+

Two conical flasks A and B both contain 100 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm-3 of different acids.

Flask A contains aqueous citric acid while flask B contains dilute sulfuric acid.

Excess magnesium was added into both flasks. The gas produced was collected and
measured.

The following observations were made.

observation 1: Effervescence of colourless gas was more rapid in flask B.

observation 2: The volume of gas collected from flask A is larger.

(i) Name an apparatus to collect the gas produced.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[1]

(ii) State an observation that shows magnesium has been added in excess.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[1]

(iii) Explain observations 1 and 2.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[2]

(iv) Describe a test to identify the gas produced in both experiments.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[1]

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(b) A sample of aqueous citric acid was titrated with aqueous potassium hydroxide to obtain
potassium citrate as the salt.

Potassium citrate is used to treat people with kidney stones and gout.

Potassium citrate decomposes at 230 °C.

(i) State the bonding present in potassium citrate.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[1]

(ii) Explain why potassium citrate is described as the salt of the reaction.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[1]

(iii) Describe how you would obtain pure dry crystals of potassium citrate from its
solution.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[2]

(iv) A student suggested reacting potassium metal with aqueous citric acid to form
potassium citrate.

Comment on his approach.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[1]

[Total: 10]

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Or

B9 (a) A beaker of aqueous potassium iodide is added into a beaker of aqueous hydrogen
peroxide. The reaction is thought to proceed in a two-step mechanism.
- -
Step 1: H2O2(aq) + I (aq) → H2O(l) + IO (aq)
- -
Step 2: IO (aq) + H2O2(aq) → H2O(l) + O2(g) + I (aq)

Step 1 occurs very slowly but step 2 occurs very quickly.

(i) Describe any observation for step 1 and step 2.

step 1: ……………….………………...…………………………………………………..

step 2: ……………….………………...………………………………………..………[2]

(ii) Which substance is the catalyst of the reaction?

Explain your answer.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[2]

(iii) Describe how the catalyst speeds up the chemical reaction.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[2]

(iv) Using the same chemical, describe a way to lower the rate of reaction of step 2.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[1]

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(b) Hydrogen peroxide is used as a bleaching agent in paper manufacturing. Sodium silicate
is being used to control the metal ions in wood pulp which otherwise will catalyse the
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, reducing the efficiency of the process.

The structure of sodium silicate is shown below.

Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+

O O O O O O O O
Si Si Si Si
O O O O
n
(i) Describe the bonding in sodium silicate.

Explain your answer.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………......

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..[2]

(ii) Copper(II) ions are found in wood pulp.

The copper(II) ions will displace the sodium ions in sodium silicate to form copper
silicate.

Draw the structure of copper silicate.

[1]

[Total: 10]

End of Paper

This document is intended for internal circulation in Victoria School only. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of
the Victoria School Internal Exams Committee.

© Victoria School 21/4P/6092/2

 21

© Victoria School 21/4P/6092/2

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NOTICE TO INVIGILATORS OF CHEMISTRY PAPER 2

(For 2021 only)

READ THIS TO THE CLASS BEFORE THE START OF THE PAPER

Questions set on the Common Last Topic of the syllabus do not form part of
the assessment. They will not be marked by the Examiners.

Do not answer the following questions.

• A4 (a) (i)
• A4 (a) (ii)
• A4 (a) (iii)
• A4 (b)
• A4 (c) (i)
• A6 (a) (ii)

Turn to these questions and cross them out by drawing a line through these
questions.

The following questions are to be changed.

Add the following to these questions.

• A4 (c) (ii)

ADD

Monomer A reacts with Monomer B in a ratio of 1:1.

• A4 (c) (iii)

ADD

Monomer A + Monomer B → nylon 6,6 + water

The time allowed for this Question Paper has not been changed.

The total mark for this question paper is now [71]

© Victoria School 21/4P/6092/2

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NOTICE TO CANDIDATES
(For 2021 Only)

CANCEL the following questions

• A4 (a) (i)
• A4 (a) (ii)
• A4 (a) (iii)
• A4 (b)
• A4 (c) (i)
• A6 (a) (ii)

CHANGE the following questions

• A4 (c) (ii)

ADD

Monomer A reacts with Monomer B in a ratio of 1:1.

• A4 (c) (iii)

ADD

Monomer A + Monomer B → nylon 6,6 + water

Return this paper at the end of the examination.

© Victoria School 21/4P/6092/2

 Class Register Number

Name

6092/01 21/Prelim/6092/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
Monday 13 September 2021 1 hour
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VICTORIA SCHOOL

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
SECONDARY FOUR

Additional materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Write your name, class and index number on all the work you hand in.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question, there are four
possible answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one that you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate
Answer Sheet.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.

The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

A copy of Periodic Table is printed on page 17.

Setter: Lyana Y.

This question paper consists of 17 printed pages, including the cover page.
[Turn Over
 2

1 Which of the following statements explains why the size of a balloon containing helium gas
decreases with decreasing temperature?

A The gas particles move further apart with decreasing temperature.

B The gas particles become smaller with decreasing temperature.
C The gas particles diffuse through the balloon and escape.
D The gas particles lose energy and move more slowly.

2 The set-ups below show the changes in liquid level when filled with gases P, Q and R a few
minutes into the experiment.

The water in both sides of the U-tube were at the same level before the start of the experiment.

gas P gas P
porous pot porous pot
containing containing
gas Q gas R

What are the relative molecular masses of gases P – R in increasing order?

A P,Q,R
B R,P,Q
C Q,P,R
D R,Q,P

3 The chromatogram result below shows dyes, M and N present in an ink sample.

w solvent front
N
x
M
y
ink
z
solvent level
What is the Rf value of the more soluble dye?

𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦
A B C D
𝑤𝑤+ 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 𝑤𝑤 + 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 𝑤𝑤+ 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 𝑤𝑤 + 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧

©Victoria School 21/Prelim/6092/1

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4 A mixture containing an equal volume of two miscible liquids is heated as shown in the diagram
below.

When the mixture starts boiling and the thermometer first registers a steady reading, at which
position will there be the highest proportion of liquid with the higher boiling point?

water out

B
A
C
water in

heat

5 The table below shows information about some gases at room temperature.

gas density of gas relative to hydrogen boiling point / oC

methane 7 -182

neon 9 -249

carbon monoxide 12 -199

oxygen 14 -218

argon 18 -189

Based on the data, which of the following statements is correct?

Statement 1 Diatomic molecules of a gaseous element has a greater density

than monatomic gaseous atoms.

Statement 2 The boiling point of a gas does not depend on its relative atomic/
molecular mass.

Statement 3 The boiling point of neon is lower than the boiling points of diatomic
gaseous molecules .

A 1 and 2
B 1 and 3
C 2 and 3
D 1, 2 and 3

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6 The table below shows information about elements flerovium, Fl and livermorium, Lv.

Fl Lv

proton number 114 116

nucleon number 289 292

Which of the following statements about the elements is correct?

A A Fl2- ion has the same number of electrons as an atom of Lv.

B A Lv2+ ion has the same number of electrons as a Fl- ion.
C An atom of Fl has two more electrons than an atom of Lv.
D An atom of Lv has one fewer neutron than an atom of Fl.

7 The table below shows the electronic configuration of elements W – Z.

W X Y Z

2,4 2,6 2,7 2,8,8,1

Which of the following formulae represent compounds with boiling points below room
temperature?

1 WX2
2 XY2
3 Z2X

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1, 2 and 3

8 X and Y are elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table and react to form compound Z.

X forms a soluble acidic oxide. The oxidation number of X in this oxide is +4.

Y forms an amphoteric oxide.

What is the possible formula of compound Z?

A AlP B Al2S3 C Si2P5 D SiS2

9 Which of the following contains the greatest mass of oxygen?

A 0.200 mol of aluminium nitrate, Al(NO3)3

B 0.300 mol of potassium sulfate, K2SO4
C 0.400 mol of sodium nitrate, NaNO3
D 0.500 mol of magnesium carbonate, MgCO3

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10 The diagram below shows the structures of substances P – T.

P Q

R S T

Which of these structures are giant molecular?

A P and R
B R and S
C P, Q and R
D P, R and T

11 Zinc is added slowly until in excess to a beaker of dilute hydrochloric acid containing a few
drops of methyl orange indicator.

Which of the following statements describe the reaction correctly?

1 pH of mixture increases to 7
2 temperature of the mixture increases
3 effervescence of colourless gas observed
4 colour of methyl orange changes from red to yellow.

A 1 and 3
B 1, 2 and 3
C 1, 3 and 4
D 1, 2, 3 and 4

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12 The graphs below show the trend in physical properties of the elements across Period 3.

graph 1 graph 2

proton number proton number

Which physical properties are represented by the y-axis of the graphs?

1 2

A number of valence electron melting point

B metallic character charge of ion
C electrical conductivity melting point
D electrical conductivity atomic radius

13 What is the correct sequence of steps that should be carried to obtain a pure sample of barium
sulfate from barium carbonate?

1 add dilute hydrochloric acid

2 add dilute sulfuric acid
3 filter
4 crystallise
5 wash

A 1,2,3,5
B 1,2,4,5
C 2,3,4,5
D 2,4,3,5

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14 The flowcharts below show the reagents added into two separate test-tubes containing
aqueous magnesium nitrate and aqueous aluminium nitrate.

aqueous sodium excess dilute excess aqueous

Mg(NO3)2 carbonate
P hydrochloric acid Q sodium hydroxide R

aqueous sodium excess dilute excess aqueous

Al(NO3)3 carbonate S hydrochloric acid T sodium hydroxide
U

P , Q and R are magnesium compounds.

S , T and U are aluminium compounds.

How many of the compounds formed, P – U will produce a white precipitate?

A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5

15 The flow chart below shows some reactions that blue solution W undergoes.

colourless add aluminium colourless gas that

solution X foil and heat turns moist red litmus
blue
blue excess aqueous
solution W sodium hydroxide
and filter blue add dilute sulfuric
precipitate acid and filter blue solution Z
Y

What are the identities of W, X, Y and Z?

W X Y Z
A Cu(NO3)2 NaNO3 Cu(OH)2 CuSO4
B CuSO4 Na2SO4 Cu(OH)2 CuSO4
C Fe(NO3)2 NaNO3 Fe(OH)2 FeSO4
D (NH4)2SO4 NH4OH Cu(OH)2 CuSO4

16 In what way do chlorofluorocarbons, methane and nitrogen dioxide affect the atmosphere
and the environment?

chlorofluorocarbons methane nitrogen dioxide

A acid rain depletion of ozone layer global warming

B depletion of ozone layer acid rain global warming
C depletion of ozone layer global warming acid rain
D global warming depletion of ozone layer acid rain

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17 The following graph shows the amount of ammonia present in the equilibrium mixture under
different conditions of temperature and pressure during the Haber process.

percentage yield / %

60

40

20

0
0 100 200 300 400
pressure / atm
From the graph, which of the following conditions produces the highest percentage of ammonia
in the equilibrium mixture?

A 400 oC, 400 atm

B 450 oC, 200 atm
C 500 oC, 200 atm
D 550 oC, 400 atm

18 A washing powder contains sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3 as one of its ingredients.

In a titration, a solution containing 1.00 g of the washing powder was found to react completely
with 7.15 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm-3 of dilute hydrochloric acid.

Assuming that sodium hydrogen carbonate is the only ingredient that reacts with the acid, what
is the percentage by mass of sodium hydrogencarbonate in the washing powder?

A 3.0 %
B 6.0 %
C 12.0 %
D 24.0 %

19 The airbag in a car contains sodium azide, NaN3 and potassium nitrate, KNO3.

During a car accident, the reactions as shown in the equations below will take place, producing
nitrogen gas resulting in the airbag to inflate rapidly.

2NaN3 → 2Na + 3N2

10Na + 2KNO3 → K2O + 5Na2O + N2

What is volume of nitrogen produced when 13.0 g of sodium azide decomposes in the airbag?

A 0.48 dm3 B 7.20 dm3 C 7.68 dm3 D 9.60 dm3

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20 The table below shows the colour changes when a few drops of aqueous potassium iodide
and acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII) were added separately into four different
solutions.

solution potassium iodide potassium manganate(VII)

1 colourless to brown purple to colourless

2 colourless to brown no change
3 no change purple to colourless
4 no change no change

Which solutions contain an oxidising agent?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

21 Acidified potassium manganate(VII) reacts with iron(II) ethanedioate, FeC2O4.

The equations below show the reactions that take place.

- -
MnO4 + 8H+ + 5e → Mn2+ + 4H2O
-
Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e
-
C2O42- → 2CO2 + 2e

How many moles of iron(II) ethanedioate react with one mole of potassium manganate(VII)?

A 0.60
B 1.67
C 2.50
D 5.00

22 The equations below show the reactions of hydrogen peroxide.

1 2Fe2+ + H2O2 + 2H+ → 2Fe3+ + 2H2O

-
2 2MnO4 + 5H2O2 + 6H+→ 5O2 + 2Mn2+ + 8H2O

Which row correctly describes the reactions that hydrogen peroxide undergoes?

1 2

A oxidation oxidation
B oxidation reduction
C reduction oxidation
D reduction reduction

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23 Element X has the following properties.

• density of 19.3 g dm-3

• electrical conductor when solid
• forms oxide XO2, XO3 and X2O3

What is the possible identity of element X?

A aluminium
B calcium
C phosphorus
D tungsten

24 Astatine is below iodine in Group VII of the Periodic Table.

Which of the following statements describe astatine correctly?

1 It is a dark coloured solid.

2 It is a weaker oxidising agent than iodine.
3 Its hydride, HAt is more thermally stable than HBr.

A 1 and 2
B 1 and 3
C 2 and 3
D 1, 2 and 3

25 The energy profile diagram for both the catalysed and uncatalysed reactions in the production
of ammonia is shown below.

What is the activation energy for the decomposition of ammonia in the presence of a catalyst?

energy / kJ

N2 + 3H2

2NH3

progress of reaction

©Victoria School 21/Prelim/6092/1

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26 Scrap iron is often recycled.

Which of the following reason for recycling is incorrect?

A It reduces the amount of pollution produced at the extraction site of its ore.
B It reduces the amount of waste deposited at landfill sites.
C It reduces the need to collect scrap iron.
D It saves limited resources.

27 Which diagram correctly shows the conditions required for rusting to take place and the metal
used as sacrificial protection?

A B
oxygen oxygen

copper magnesium

iron iron

C D

oxygen and oxygen and

water water

copper magnesium

iron iron

28 The table below shows the voltage and the positive terminal of three electrochemical cells
using metals W – Z immersed in an electrolyte.

cell metals used voltage / V positive terminal

1 Z and Y +1.60 Y

2 W and Y +1.10 W

3 W and Z +2.70 W

What is the order of the metals W – Z in decreasing reducing power?

A W > Y > Z
B Y > W > Z
C Y > Z > W
D Z > Y > W

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29 The bar chart below shows the volume of hydrogen gas collected in 1.0 min when equal
masses of metals E – H were added to excess dilute nitric acid.

volume of hydrogen gas / cm3

E F G H
The carbonates of these metals were then heated.

Which row correctly shows the temperature required to decompose the carbonates in
increasing order?

increasing temperature

A F E H G

B F H E G

C G E F H

D G E H F

Use the information below to answer questions 30 and 31.

A sample of concentrated copper(II) chloride solution is electrolysed using copper electrodes.

electrode A electrode B

concentrated copper(II)
chloride solution

30 Which of the following correctly identifies the reaction at electrode A?

reaction type of reaction

- -
A 2Cl → Cl2 + 2e oxidation
-
B Cu → Cu2+ + 2e oxidation
- -
C 4OH → 2H2O + O2 + 2e reduction
-
D 2H+ + 2e → H2 reduction

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31 What are the possible observations as the reaction proceed?

1 Electrode A decreases in size.

2 Electrode B increases in size.
3 Effervescence of colourless gas at electrode B.
4 The colour of electrolyte fades from blue to colourless.

A 1 and 2 B 2 and 3 C 1 , 2 and 3 D 1, 2 and 4

32 The set-ups below show the reaction between calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid.

cotton wool
burette

calcium carbonate
and dilute hydrochloric acid
gas syringe
mass balance

thistle funnel

measuring cylinder
calcium carbonate
and dilute hydrochloric acid

water trough

Which of the following set-ups can be used to measure the reaction rate, together with a
stopwatch?

A 2 only
B 1 and 2
C 2 and 3
D 1, 2 and 3

©Victoria School 21/Prelim/6092/1

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33 Which of the following reactions is least affected by a change in pressure?

A C(s) + CO2(g) → 2CO(g)

B C7H16(l) + 11O2(g) → 7CO2(g) + 8H2O(g)
C 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g)
D MgCO3(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → Mg(NO3)2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

34 Which graph represents how the rate of reaction varies with time when a beaker of dilute
hydrochloric acid is totally reacted with excess of calcium carbonate?

A B C D
rate rate rate rate

time time time time

35 Ethene,C2H4 and propene,C3H6 are in the same homologous series.

Which of the following statements correctly describes equal volumes of ethene gas and
propene gas at room temperature?

A They contain equal number of atoms.

B They produce equal volume of carbon dioxide during complete combustion.
C They react with hydrogen gas to produce equal mass of ethane,C2H6 and propane,C3H8.
D They react with equal mass of bromine to form dibromoethane,C2H4Br2 and
dibromopropane,C3H6Br2.

36 The table below shows the reactions between chlorine and methane.

Which of the following shows the correct equation and condition of the reaction?

equation condition

A Cl2 + CH4 → CH2Cl2 + H2 gases are mixed in the presence of UV light

B Cl2 + CH4 → CH2Cl2 + H2 methane is bubbled into aqueous chlorine
C Cl2 + CH4 → CH3Cl + HCl gases are mixed in the presence of UV light
D Cl2 + CH4 → CH3Cl + HCl methane is bubbled into aqueous chlorine

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37 The equations below show the reactions involving ethanol.

1 C2H5OH + O2 → CH3COOH + H2O

2 C2H5OH + CH3COOH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
3 C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Which row correctly describes the reactions?

1 2 3

A combustion acidification fermentation

B combustion esterification addition
C oxidation acidification addition
D oxidation esterification fermentation

38 How many structural isomers with the formula C4H10O are alcohols?

A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5

39 The diester below can be hydrolysed by heating with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

What would be the products of the reaction?

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40 The diagram below shows the structure of a polymer.

Which of the following monomer was used to form the polymer?

A B

C D

End of Paper

This document is intended for internal circulation in Victoria School only. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of
the Victoria School Internal Exams Committee.

©Victoria School 21/Prelim/6092/1

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©Victoria School 21/Prelim/6092/1

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©Victoria School 21/Prelim/6092/1

Candidate Name: Class: Index No:

DUNMAN SECONDARY SCHOOL

Where…… discernment, discipline, daring,
determination & duty become a part of life.

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2018

SEC 4 EXPRESS
CHEMISTRY (REVISED) 6092 PAPER 2

1 hour 45 minute 27 JUL 2018

1045 – 1230h Friday

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name and index number and class on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen on this question paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Section A
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Section B
Answer all three questions, the last question is in the form either/ or. [Turn over
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.

At the end of the examination, submit Section A and Section B together. For Examiner’s
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each Use only
question or part question.
Section A
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24.
B9
B10
B11

Total

This question paper consists of 24 printed pages including the cover page.
 2
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
The total mark for this section is 50.

A1 The list below shows the chemical formulae of some compounds.

(NH4)2SO4 Ag2CO3 NaBr

ZnCl2 CaCl2 FeSO4
Al2O3 KNO3 SiO2

Use the list to answer the questions below. The chemical formulae can be used
once, more than once, or not at all.
(a) State one substance that is coloured.

[1]

(b) State one substance that can be prepared by precipitation.

[1]

(c) State one substance that is used as a catalyst in the cracking of bitumen into
useful shorter fractions.

[1]

(d) State one substance that reacts with both an acid and an alkali.

[1]

(e) State one aqueous substance that produces a white precipitate that is insoluble
in excess aqueous sodium hydroxide.

[1]
[Total: 5]

6092/02/4Exp/Prelim/2018 [Turn over

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A2 The table below shows the atomic structure of six particles, represented by the
letters A to F. The particles are either atoms or ions. The letters are not the symbols
of the elements.

number of
particle
electrons protons neutrons
A 15 15 16

B 10 11 12
C 19 19 22
D 18 17 20
E 17 17 16
F 19 19 20

(a) State and explain from the table which two particles are isotopes.

[1]

(b) Which two particles are part of a compound that is able to conduct electricity in
both aqueous and molten state? Explain your answer.

[2]

(c) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram to show the bonding between particle A and
particle E. Show only valence electrons.

[1]
[Total: 4]

A3 An experiment was set up to determine the rate of diffusion of 100 cm3 of some

6092/02/4Exp/Prelim/2018 [Turn over

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gases. The table shows the gases that were being tested.

gases tested
carbon monoxide
sulfur dioxide
methane
nitrogen
chlorine
oxygen

(a) Name and explain which gas diffused the fastest.

[2]

(b) Explain in terms of kinetic particle theory why the temperature has to be kept
constant in this experiment.

[2]

(c) Name one gas in the table where this apparatus is unsuitable for finding the
rate of diffusion. Explain your answer.

[1]
[Total: 5]

A4 The leaf of the rhubarb plant was crushed and mixed with an organic solvent. The

6092/02/4Exp/Prelim/2018 [Turn over

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coloured pigments were extracted to give a dark green solution. Chromatography
was carried out to separate the pigments. The results of the experiment are shown
below.

(a) (i) Calculate the Rf values for pigments X and Y.

[2]

(ii) The Rf values of different plant pigments based on scientific literature is

shown in the table below.

pigment Rf value
beta-carotene 0.40
chlorophyll A 0.77
chlorophyll B 0.75

xanthophyll 0.45

Identify pigments X and Y.

[1]

(iii) Describe the principle by which separation of the pigments found in the

6092/02/4Exp/Prelim/2018 [Turn over

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rhubarb plant is achieved using chromatography.

[2]

(b) Oxalic acid can also be extracted from the plant.

What deduction can be made about oxalic acid from each of the following
experiments?
(i) One mole of aqueous oxalic acid reacts with two moles of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.

[1]

(ii) Aqueous oxalic acid turns acidified potassium manganate(VII) from

purple to colourless.

[1]
[Total: 7]

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A5 Glucose reacts with excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water in a
process known as aerobic respiration.
The enthalpy change and chemical equation for the reaction of 1 mole of glucose
with oxygen is shown below.

C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g) ® 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (g) DH = -2300 kJ/mol

In a reaction, 150 cm3 of carbon dioxide was produced.

(a) Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic?
Explain your answer in terms of bond breaking and bond forming.

[2]

(b) Calculate the energy change for the reaction.

[2]

(c) Draw an energy profile diagram for the reaction of 1 mole of glucose with
excess oxygen. Indicate the enthalpy change, DH, and activation energy, Ea,
on the diagram clearly.

[3]

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(d) In another experiment, an aqueous solution of glucose was heated with

alkaline copper(II) sulfate solution and a brick-red precipitate of an oxide of
copper was formed. A 1.44 g sample of this oxide was found to contain 1.28 g
of copper.

Calculate the empirical formula of this oxide of copper.

[2]
[Total: 9]

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A6 The rate of reaction between a metal and an acid can be investigated using the
apparatus shown below.

A piece of zinc metal was added to 50.0 cm3 of 2.00 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid. The
acid was in excess. The hydrogen evolved was collected in the gas syringe and its
volume measured every minute. The results were plotted and labelled as graph 1.

(a) The experiment was repeated to show that the reaction between zinc metal
and hydrochloric acid can be catalyzed by copper. A small volume of aqueous
copper(II) chloride was added to the acid before zinc metal was added. The
results of this experiment were plotted on the same grid and labelled as graph
2.
(i) Explain why the reaction mixture in the second experiment contains
copper. Include an ionic equation in your answer.

[2]

(ii) Explain how graph 2 shows that copper catalyses the reaction.

[2]

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(b) With all other experimental conditions remaining the same, the experiment was
repeated a third time by adding a piece of zinc metal to 50.0 cm3 of 2.00
mol/dm3 ethanoic acid.
(i) Sketch the curve obtained for the third experiment on the same diagram
and label it graph 3. [1]

(ii) Describe and explain the difference in the shape of your graph.

[3]

(c) The experiment was repeated a final time by adding powdered zinc metal to
50.0 cm3 of 2.00 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid.

What will happen to the rate of reaction? Explain your answer using ideas
about reacting particles.

[2]
[Total: 10]

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A7 Fats are solids at room temperature and pressure. They contain mainly saturated fat
molecules. Oils are liquids at room temperature and pressure. They contain a larger
proportion of unsaturated fat molecules.
(a) The structure of a fat or oil molecule is shown below where R, R’ and R”
represent long hydrocarbon chains.

(i) Identify the functional group which is present in the molecule

[1]

(ii) Soap is a mixture of sodium salts of the long-chain fatty acids produced
from the hydrolysis of animal fat with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Fat + 3NaOH ® RCO2Na + R’CO2Na + R”CO2Na + Glycerol

Draw the full structural formula of glycerol.

[1]

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(b) One mole of iodine will react with one mole of carbon-to-carbon double bonds
in oil. The degree of unsaturation in oil can be found by reacting the oil with a
known amount of iodine. The excess iodine is determined by titrating with
sodium thiosulfate solution.

I2 + 2Na2S2O3 ® Na2S4O6 + 2NaI

The number of grams of iodine that react with 100 g of oil is called the iodine
number.

42.5 g of iodine was added to 35.1 g of corn oil. The excess iodine needed
24.2 cm3 of 0.121 mol/dm3 sodium thiosulfate solution for complete reaction.
(i) Calculate the number of moles of iodine that reacted with the corn oil.

[3]

(ii) Hence, calculate the iodine number of the corn oil.

[2]
[Total: 7]

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A8 The structure below shows a molecule of but-2-ene.

(a) Draw 2 isomers of but-2-ene.

[2]

(b) But-2-ene is able to form poly(but-2-ene).

Draw the full structural formula of poly(but-2-ene)

[1]
[Total: 3]

--- End of Section A ---

6092/02/4Exp/Prelim/2018 [Turn over

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Candidate Name: Class: Index No:

Section B
Answer all three questions in this section.
The last question is in the form of an either/or and only one of the alternatives should
be attempted.
The total mark for this section is 30.

B9 The story of matches

History of matches

Matches have been around for a long time. Sulfur-based matches are mentioned as
far back as the 12th century. However, the friction matches that we are using have
their origins in the 18th century. In 1845, Anton Schrötter von Kristelli discovered that
heating white phosphorus, or exposing it to sunlight, turned it into another form of the
element: red phosphorus. This form of the element is non-toxic as compared to white
phosphorous which is toxic. Technically, red phosphorous is not an allotrope, but
rather an intermediate form between white phosphorus and another allotrope, violet
phosphorus. Safety matches were subsequently introduced using red phosphorus in
the place of white phosphorus.

The Match Box

The striking surface of safety match boxes contains

red phosphorus and an abrasive substance. When
struck, a small amount of white phosphorus is
produced, which ignites.










Red phosphorus










White phosphorus

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The match head and the striking surface

Much chemistry is involved to produce that flame on the matchstick safely. The
modern safety matches will only light if they are rubbed along the special striking
surface of the matchbox. The composition of matches varies depending on its type,
but safety matches commonly employ the same chemical design. They contain a
strong ‘oxidizer’ in the match head and red phosphorus in the striking surface. Striking
the match causes small amounts of the ‘oxidizer’ and phosphorus to combine and the
heat generated by the friction of the striking causes them to ignite.

Typically, the following reaction takes place when the match is struck against the
striking surface of the matchbox.

5KClO3 + 6P → 5KCl + 3P2O5

potassium chlorate phosphorus(V) oxide

In addition to the main reaction shown above, a second reaction also takes place,
converting some red phosphorus to white phosphorus. The structures of these two
forms of phosphorus are shown in the source on page 14.

Additional ingredient on the match head

Besides the main active ingredient (potassium chlorate), the match head also includes
phosphorus sesquisulfide and antimony sulfide, which are added to make the
matches burn more vigorously. The following diagrams show the bonding and
structure of these two compounds.

phosphorus sesquisulfide antimony sulfide

Source adapted from:

http://www.compoundchem.com/2014/11/20/matches/
http://www.compoundchem.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/The-Chemistry-of-
Matches.png
http://www.sciwebhop.net/sci_web/science/ks3/worksheets/word/default.asp

(a) Use oxidation states to explain whether the reaction involving potassium chlorate and
phosphorus is a redox reaction.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………...[2]

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(b) The phosphorus(V) oxide, P2O5, that is formed in the reaction of striking a matchstick
absorbs water from the air to form meta-phosphoric acid, HPO3.
(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

…………………………………………………………………………………………[1]

(ii) On addition of more water, phosphoric acid, H3PO4 is formed.

Explain with the aid of an ionic equation, why a solution of 1 mol/dm3 of
phosphoric acid can produce a much higher concentration of hydrogen ions as
compared to HPO3.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………[2]

(c) Based on the diagrams of red phosphorus and white phosphorus,

(i) compare and contrast the structures of red phosphorus and white phosphorus,

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………[2]

(ii) explain a possible reason for the toxicity of white phosphorous as compared to
red phosphorous.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………[1]

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(d) Based on the structures of phosphorus sesquisulfide and antimony sulfide,

(i) state the empirical formula of antimony sulfide,

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………[1]

(ii) predict two physical properties that are similar for both compounds and explain
why these are so.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………[3]

[Total: 12]

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B10 Diagram A below shows the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous caesium chloride
while Diagram B shows the actual electric cell used in the electrolysis. A few drops of
Universal Indicator is added to the caesium chloride solution before the start of the
experiment. As the experiment proceeds, a coloured gas was observed at
electrode 2.

electric
cell

diagram B

diagram A

carbon concentrated aqueous

electrodes caesium chloride

(a) Determine whether electrode 2 is the anode or cathode and write the half-equation
for the reaction that occurs at this electrode.

……......…………………………………………………………………………………………

……......…………………………………………………………………………………………

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......…………………………………………………………………………………...[2]

(b) Describe the observations at electrode 1.

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......…………………………………………………………………………………...[1]

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(c) State and explain the observations made on the electrolyte in diagram A as the
experiment proceeds.

……......…………………………………………………………………………………………

……......…………………………………………………………………………………………

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......…………………………………………………………………………………...[2]

(d) The electrolyte used in diagram B is aqueous copper(II) sulfate.

Write the half-equation for the reaction at the copper metal.

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......…………………………………………………………………………………...[1]

(e) Suggest a way to increase the voltage of the electric cell.

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......…………………………………………………………………………………...[1]

(f) If the position of the zinc and copper electrodes in diagram B were switched with
each other, what would be observed instead in the setup of diagram A?

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......…………………………………………………………………………………...[1]

[Total: 8]

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B11 Either
An analysis of the melting points of the elements of Period 2 and their oxides was
done and the information recorded in the graphs below. (Note that the graphs are not
drawn to scale.)

melting point/ oC

elements

graph 10.1: melting points of elements in period 2

melting point/ oC

oxides of
elements

graph 10.2 melting points of oxides of elements in period 2

(a) Use the information in graph 10.1 and graph 10.2 to describe the trend in melting
points across Period 2.

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......…………………………………………………………………………………...[3]

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(b) Name the elements in Period 2 which are solids at room temperature.

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......…………………………………………………………………………………...[1]

(c) The form of carbon in graph 10.1 is a good conductor of electricity.

State the name of this form of carbon and with reference to its structure, explain why
it is a good electrical conductor.

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......…………………………………………………………………………………...[3]

(d) Explain the difference in melting point between lithium oxide and beryllium oxide.

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......…………………………………………………………………………………...[2]

(e) Explain why the oxide of neon was not included in the graph 10.2.

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......…………………………………………………………………………………...[1]

[Total: 10]

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B11 OR
Glutathione is a substance found in every cell in the body, where it acts as an
antioxidant to neutralize free radicals and prevent cellular damage. Glutathione is
used by the liver to get rid of toxic substances in our body. It is also found that a
person with HIV has a very low level of glutathione in his body.

Chemically, glutathione is a small protein manufactured inside the human cells from
three different monomers of amino acids. A monomer of amino acid has either the
carbonyl or amine group. The relative molecular mass of glutathione is 307 and the
structure of glutathione is shown below.

(a) Name and draw the linkage that is found in glutathione.

[2]
(b) Draw the structures of the three amino acids used to make glutathione.

[3]

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(c) It was found that a person with HIV has only 5.00 x 10-6 moles of glutathione in
5.0 cm3 of the blood sample.
Calculate the concentration of glutathione, in g/dm3, in the blood.

[2]

(d) Explain why an excessive intake of alcohol might have an effect on the concentration
of glutathione in the blood.

………......………………………………………………………………………………………

………......…………………………………………………………………………………...[1]

(e) Name a synthetic polymer that has the same linkage found in glutathione and draw
the structure of this polymer showing two repeat units.

[2]

[Total: 10]

- - - End of Paper 2 - - -

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The Periodic Table of Elements

[Turn over
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