NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

Number System
Exercise 1.1
Q1. Is zero a rational number? Can you write it in the form p/q, where p and q are integers
and q ≠ 0?
Answer: A number is considered to be rational, if it can be represented in the form p/q,
where p as well as q are integers and q is less than zero.
In the instance of the number '0,' Zero can be represented as 0/1, 0/2, 0/3... as well as 0/1,
0/2, 0/3... we may infer that 0 can be expressed in the p/q form, where q might be a
positive or negative number, because it meets the required criteria. As a result, the number
0 is rational.

Q2. Find six rational numbers between 3 and 4.

Answer: Between 3 and 4, there exist infinite rational numbers. We'll multiply both the
integers, 3 and 4, by 6+1 = 7 since we need to find 6 rational numbers in between 3 and
4. that is,
7 21
3×( )=
7 7

therefore,
7 28
4×( )=
7 7

Between 21/7 and 28/7, the numbers will be logical and fall between 3 and 4.
22 23 24 25 26 27
As a result, the 6 rational numbers in between 3 and 4 are , , , , , .
7 7 7 7 7 7

Q3. Find five rational numbers between 3/5 and 4/5.

Answer: Between 3/5 and 4/5, there exist infinite rational numbers.
Between 3/5 and 4/5, there exist infinite rational numbers. We can multiply both the
numbers 3/5 and 4/5 to discover 5 rational numbers between them.
Using,
5 + 1 = 6 (Or any number that is greater than 5)
that is
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

3 6 18
( )×( ) =
5 6 30

Hence,
4 6 24
( )×( ) =
5 6 30

Between 18/30 and 24/30, the numbers will be logical, falling in between 3/5 and 4/5.
19 20 21 22 23
As a result, the 5 rational numbers between 3/5 and 4/5 are , , , , .
30 30 30 30 30

Q4. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your
answers.
(i) Every natural number is a whole number.
(ii) Every integer is a whole number.
(iii) Every rational number is a whole number.
Answer:

(i) True
Natural numbers are numbers that range from one to infinity (excluding fractions
or decimals), for example, 1,2,3,4...
Whole numbers are numbers that range from 0 to infinity (without fractions or
decimals): 0,1,2,3,...
Whole numbers, on the other hand, have all the constituents of natural numbers
plus zero.
A whole number is a natural number, however not every whole number is a
natural number.

(ii) False
Integers are numbers that contain positive, negative, and 0 but do not include
fractional or decimal values.
Integers =… , −4, −3, −2, −1,0,1,2,3,4, …
Whole numbers are numbers that range from 0 to infinity (excluding fractions or
decimals): 0,1,2,3, …
As a result, we may claim that integers include both positive and negative
numbers. Every integer is a whole number, and not every whole number would
be an integer.

(iii) False
All numbers with the format p/q, where p and q are the integers and 𝑞 ≠ 0 .
19 9
Rational numbers are 0, , 2, , −12 , etc. Whole numbers are numbers that
30 −3 7

range from 0 to infinity (excluding fractions or decimals): 0,1,2,3, …

 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

As a result, we may claim that integers include both positive and negative
numbers.
Although all whole numbers are rational, not all rational numbers are whole
numbers.

Exercise 1.2

Q1. State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answers.
(i) Every irrational number is a real number.
(ii) Every point on the number line is of the form √m where m is a natural number.
(iii) Every real number is an irrational number.
Answer:

(i) True
Irrational Numbers - A number is irrational if it cannot be represented in the p/q
format, where p and q are integers and q is less than zero.
(Irrational numbers= 𝜋, 𝑒, √3, 5 + √2, 6.23146 … ,0.101001001000 …)
Real numbers are a category of numbers that includes both rational and
irrational numbers.
(Real numbers =√2, . . , √5, 0.102)
Every irrational number is also a real number, although not all real numbers are
irrational.
Therefore, the answer is True.

(ii) False
A negative number could not be expressed in form of square roots according to
the rule. For instance, √9 = 3 is indeed a natural number.
However, the number √2 = 1.414 is not a natural number. We also know that
negative numbers exist on the number line, but when we extract the root of a
negative number, it becomes a complex number rather than a natural number.
For example, √−7 = 7𝑖 where 𝑖 = √−1. It is incorrect to claim that every point
situated on the number line has the form m, where m is a natural number.

(iii) False
Real numbers include both the irrational and rational numbers. As a result, no
real number can be both rational and irrational. Real numbers are a category of
numbers that includes both rational and irrational numbers. (Real numbers =
√2, . . , √5, 0.102).
Irrational Numbers - A number is irrational if it cannot be represented in the p/q
format, where p and q are integers and q is less than zero.
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

(Irrational numbers= 𝜋, 𝑒, √3, 5 + √2, 6.23146 … ,0.101001001000 …). Thus,

every irrational number is also a real number, but not all real numbers are
irrational.

Q2. Are the square roots of all positive integers irrational? If not, give an example of the
square root of a number that is a rational number.
Answer: No, all positive integers' square roots are not irrational.

For instance,

√4 = 2 rational number
√9 = 3 rational.
As a result, the square roots of the positive integers 4 and 9 that is 2 and 3 are rational.

Q3. Show how √5 can be represented on the number line.

Answer:
Step 1: Draw a number line with line AB of 2 units.
Step 2: Draw a 1 unit long perpendicular line BC at B.
Step 3: Join the points C and A.
Step 4: ABC has now been transformed into a right-angled triangle. Using Pythagoras'
theorem,
𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶2 = 𝐶𝐴2
22 + 12 = 𝐶𝐴2 = 5

⇒ 𝐶𝐴 = √5 . As a result, CA is a √5 unit line.

Step 5: Draw an arc connecting the number line using CA as the radius and A as the centre.
Because this is a radius of the circle whose centre was A, the location where the number line
and arc connect is √5 distance from 0.
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

Q4. Classroom activity (Constructing the ‘square root spiral’) : Take a large sheet of paper
and construct the ‘square root spiral’ in the following fashion. Start with a point O and
draw a line segment 𝑶𝑷𝟏 of unit length. Draw a line segment 𝑷𝟏𝑷𝟐 perpendicular to
Answer:

Step 1: On the paper, make a point O. The square root spiral will have O as its centre.
Step 2: Draw a 1cm horizontally straight-line OA from O.

Step 3: Draw a 1 cm perpendicular line from A to B.

Step 4: Join the points O and B. OB will be equal to √2.

Step 5: Draw a 1 cm perpendicular line from B to C and indicate the end point.

Step 6: Join the points O and C. OC will be equal to √3.

Step 7: Draw √4, √5, and √6 using the same procedures as before....
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

Exercise 1.3
Q1. Write the following in decimal form and say what kind of decimal expansion each has:

(i) 36/100
Answer:

On dividing 36 by 100 we will get the quotient as 0.36 that is terminating.

(ii) 1/11
Answer:

On dividing 1 by 11 we will get the quotient as 0.90909 that is non terminating but is
repeating.
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

(iii) 4 1/8
Answer:

1 33
4 =
8 8

On dividing 33 by 8 we will get the quotient as 4.125 that is terminating.

(iv) 3/13
Answer:

On dividing 3 by 13 we will get 0.230769 that is not terminating but repeating.

 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

(v) 2/11
Answer:

On dividing 2 by 11 we will get 0.181818 that is not terminating but repeating.

(vi) 329/400

Answer:

On dividing 329 by 400 we will get 0.8225 that is terminating.

Q2. You know that 1/7 = 0.142857. Can you predict what the decimal expansions of 2/7,
3/7, 4/7, 5/7, 6/7 are, without actually doing the long division? If so, how? [Hint: Study
the remainders while finding the value of 1/7 carefully.]

Answer: 1 = 0.142857
7

1
⇒ 2 × = 2 × 0.142857 = 0.285714
7
1
⇒ 3 × = 2 × 0.142857 = 0.428571
7
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

1
⇒ 4 × = 2 × 0.142857 = 0.571428
7
1
⇒ 5 × = 2 × 0.142857 = 0.714285
7
1
⇒ 6 × = 2 × 0.142857 = 0.857142
7

Q3. Express the following in the form p/q, where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0.

(i) 𝟎. 𝟔
Answer: Let us assume the following: 𝑥 = 0.6666 ….
Now, we can write:
10𝑥 = 6.666 …
10𝑥 = 6 + 𝑥
9𝑥 = 6
2
𝑥=
3

(ii) 𝟎. 𝟒𝟕
Answer:

0.47 = 0.4777 …
4 0.777
= ( )+( )
10 10

Assuming, 𝑥 = 0.7777 …
Now, 10𝑥 = 7.777 …
10𝑥 = 7 + 𝑥
7
𝑥=
9

(iii) 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏
Answer: Assuming, 𝑥 = 0.001001 …
Now, 1000𝑥 = 1.001001 …
1000𝑥 = 1 + 𝑥
999𝑥 = 1
1
𝑥=
999
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

Q4. Express 0.99999…. in the form p/q. Are you surprised by your answer? With your
teacher and classmates, discuss why the answer makes sense.
Answer: Assuming
𝑥 = 0.9999 … . (𝑖)
Multiplying both the sides with 10
10𝑥 = 9.9999 … . (𝑖𝑖)
subtracting equation (i) from (ii)
9𝑥 = 9
𝑥=1
The difference between 1 and 0.999999 is almost 0.000001, which is insignificant. As a
result, we can conclude that 0.999 is too close to 1, hence 1 as the result is justified.

Q5. What can the maximum number of digits be in the repeating block of digits in the
decimal expansion of 1/17? Perform the division to check your answer.
Answer: On dividing 1 by 17 we will get 0.0588235294117647 as the quotient which gets
repeated on further division.
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

𝒑
Q6. Look at several examples of rational numbers in the form (𝒒 ≠ 𝟎), where p and q
𝒒
are integers with no common factors other than 1 and having terminating decimal
representations (expansions). Can you guess what property q must satisfy?

Answer: When q is 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, we notice that... The decimal expansion then comes to an
end. For instance:

1/2 = 0.5, denominator q = 21

7/8 = 0. 875, denominator q =23

4/5 = 0.8, denominator q = 51

The terminating decimal can be found in situations where the prime factorization of the
denominator of the provided fractions has the power of just 2 or 5 or both.

Q7. Write three numbers whose decimal expansions are non-terminating non-recurring.
Answer: All the irrational numbers are non-terminating non-recurring, as we know. The
following are three non-terminating non-recurring numbers with decimal expansions:

√3 = 1.73205080
√26 = 5.0990195
√101 = 10.0498756

Q8. Find three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers 5/7 and 9/11.
Answer:
5/7 =
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

9/11 =

The irrational numbers in between the given numbers are:

1) 0.7307300730007
2) 0.7507500750007
3) 0.7607600760007

Q9. Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational according to their type

(i) √𝟐𝟑
Answer: √23 = 4.79583152331 …
As the number is not terminating as well as not repeating, it is said to be an irrational
number.

(ii) √𝟐𝟐𝟓
15
Answer: √225 = 15 =
1

As the number can be written in p/q form, therefore it is a rational number.

(iii) 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟗𝟔

Answer: As the number is terminating, it is said to be a rational number.

 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

(iv) 𝟕. 𝟒𝟕𝟖𝟒𝟕𝟖

Answer: As the number is not- terminating but it is repeating, therefore it is said to be a

rational number.

(v) 1.101001000100001…

Answer: As the number is not terminating as well as not repeating, therefore it is an

irrational number.

Exercise 1.4:

Q1. Visualise 3.765 on the number line, using successive magnification.

Answer:
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

Q2. Visualize 𝟒. 𝟐𝟔 on the number line, up to 4 decimal places.

Answer: 4. 26 = 4.2626

Exercise 1.5:
Q1. Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational:

(i) 𝟐 − √𝟓
Answer: We already know that √5 = 2.236067...
is non-terminating and non-recurring in this case.

When we replace the value of 5 in 2 − √5, we get 2 − 2.2360679 … = −0.2360679

Therefore, 2 − √5 is an irrational number because the number – 0.2360679... is non-
terminating non-recurring.

(ii) (𝟑 + √𝟐𝟑) − √𝟐𝟑

Answer: [katex](3 + √23) − √23 = 3 + √23 − √23

=3
= 3/1

As the number that is 3/1 is in the form of p/q therefore, (3 + √23) − √23 can be said as
rational.
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

𝟐√𝟕
(iii)
𝟐√𝟕
2√7 2 7
Answer: = ( ) × (√ )
2√7 7 √7
7
Now, we already know: (√ ) = 1
√7

Therefore, (2 ) × (7 ) = ( 2) × 1 = 2
7 7 7 7

As the number that is 2/7 has the form of p/q therefore, we can say that it is a rational
number.

𝟏
(iv)
√𝟐

Answer: Firstly, we will multiply √2 with the numerator as well as the denominator to get,
1 2
× 2 = √22
√2

we already know that, √2 = 1.4142

So, we can write: √2 =
1.4142
= 0.7071
2 2

As the number we got that is 0.7071… is neither terminating nor repeating therefore, we
1
can say is an irrational number.
√2

(v) 𝟐𝜋
Answer: We know 𝜋 = 3.1415
Therefore, 2 × 𝜋 = 6.2830
Because the number we got that is 6.2830.. is neither terminating nor repeating therefore,
we can say 2𝜋 is an irrational number.

Q2. Simplify each of the following expressions:

(i) (𝟑 + √𝟑)(𝟐 + √𝟐)

Answer: (3 + √3)(2 + √2) = (3 × 2) + (3 + √2) + (√3 × 2) + (√3 × √2)

= 6 + 3√2 + 2√3 + √6
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

(ii) (𝟑 + √𝟑)(𝟑 − √𝟑)

2
Answer: (3 + √3)(3 − √3) = 32 − (√3) = 9 − 3

=6

𝟐
(iii) (√𝟓 + √𝟐)
2 2 2
Answer: (√5 + √2) = (√5) + (2 × √5 × √2) + (√2)

= 5 + 2 × √10 + 2 = 7 + 2√10

(iv) (√𝟓 − √𝟐)(√𝟓 + √𝟐)

Answer: (√5 − √2)(√5 + √2) = (√52 − √22) = 5 − 2 = 3

Q3. Recall, π is defined as the ratio of the circumference (say c) of a circle to its diameter,
(say d). That is, π =c/d. This seems to contradict the fact that π is irrational. How will you
resolve this contradiction?

Answer: There really is no contradiction. When we use a scale to measure something, we

only get an estimate. We never get an exact number. As a result, we may be unaware of
whether c or d is irrational. Almost equivalent to 22/7 or 3.142857 is the value of π.

Q4. Represent √𝟗. 𝟑 on the number line.

Answer:
Step 1: Draw an AB line segment 9.3 units long. Extend AB to C so BC equals 1 unit.
Step 2: AC now equals 10.3 units. Let O be the center of AC.
Step 3: Create a semi-circle with a radius of OC and the center as O.

Step 4: At point B, draw a line BD perpendicular to AC that intersects the semicircle at D.

Join OD.
Step 5: OBD is a right-angled triangle when achieved.
Now, in the diagram OD will be equal to 10.3/2 that is the radius of semi-circle,
10.3
𝑂𝐶 = , 𝐵𝐶 = 1
2

𝑂𝐵 = 𝑂𝐶 − 𝐵𝐶
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

10.3 8.3
⇒( )− 1=
2 2

Now, we will be using the Pythagoras theorem:

𝑂𝐷2 = 𝐵𝐷2 + 𝑂𝐵2
10.3 2 8.3 2
⇒( ) = 𝐵𝐷2 + ( 2 )
2

10.3 2 8.3 2
⇒ 𝐵𝐷2 = ( ) − ( )
2 2

10.3 8.3 10.3 8.3

⇒ 𝐵𝐷2 = ( ) − ( )( )+( )
2 2 2 2

⇒ 𝐵𝐷 = √9.3

Step 6: Draw an arc that meets the line segment using BD as the radius and B as the center.
Its point of contact with the line segment is √9.3 away from O.

Q5. Rationalize the denominators of the following:

𝟏
(i)
√𝟕

Answer: We will multiply the given number with √7 with both the numerator and
denominator.
1
× √7 = √7
√7 √7 7

𝟏
(ii)
√𝟕 − √𝟔

Answer: We will multiply the given number with (√7 + √6) with both the numerator and
denominator.
1 (√7+√6)
×
√7−√6 (√7+√6)

(√7+√6)
=
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems
(√7−√6)(√7+√6)

(√7+√6)
=
√72−√62
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

(√7+√6)
=
(7−6)

= √7 + √6

𝟏
(iii)
(√𝟓+√𝟐)

Answer: We will multiply the given number with (√5 − √2) with both the numerator and
denominator.
1 (√5−√2) (√5−√2)
[ ] × =
(√5+√2) √5−√2 (√5+√2)(√5−√2)

(√5−√2)
=
√52−√22

= √5−√2
(5−2)

= √5−√2
3

𝟏
(iv)
(√𝟕−𝟐)

Answer: We will multiply the given number with (√7 + 2) with both the numerator and
denominator.
1
× √7+2 = (√7+2)
√7−2 √7+2 (√7−2)(√7+2)

(√7+2)
=
√72−√22

√7+2
=
√72−√22

√7+2
=
3
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

Exercise 1.6:
Q1. Find:
𝟏
(i) (𝟔𝟒)𝟐
1 1
Answer: 642 = (8 × 8)2
1
= (82)2
= 81
=8

𝟏
(ii) (𝟑𝟐)𝟓
1 1
Answer: 32 = (25)5 5

1
= (25)5
= 21
=2

𝟏
(iii) (𝟏𝟐𝟓)𝟑
1 1
Answer: 1253 = (5 × 5 × 5)3
1
= (53)3
= 51
=5

Q2. Find:
𝟑
(i) 𝟗𝟐
3 3
Answer: 92 = (3 × 3)2
3
= (32)2
= 33
= 27
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

𝟐
(ii) 𝟑𝟐𝟓
2 2
Answer: 325 = (2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2)5
2
= (25)5
= 22
=4

𝟑
(iii) 𝟏𝟔𝟒
3 3
Answer: 164 = (2 × 2 × 2 × 2)4
3
= (24)4
= 23
=8

𝟏
−
(iv) 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟑

−1 −1
Answer: 125 3 = (5 × 5 × 5) 3

1
= (53)−3
= 5−1
1
=
5

Q3. Simplify:
𝟐 𝟏
(i) 𝟐𝟑 × 𝟐𝟓
Answer:
2 1
23 × 25
(2)+(1 )
= 2 3 5

13
= 215
 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number Systems

𝟕
𝟏
(ii) (𝟑𝟑)

1 7
Answer: (33)

= (3−3)7
= 3−21

𝟏
𝟏𝟏𝟐
(iii) 𝟏
𝟏𝟏𝟒
1
112
Answer: 1
114
(1)−(1 )
= 11 2 4

1
= 114

𝟏 𝟏
(iv) 𝟕𝟐 × 𝟖𝟐
1 1
Answer: 72 × 82
1
= (7 × 8)2n
1
= 562