CHAPTER 1

NUMBER SYSTEM

Compendium

A. Introduction
I. How to change bars to p/q form
B. Irrational numbers
I. How to represent irrational numbers on a number line
C. The real number and their decimal interpretation
D. Representing real numbers on the number line
I. Method of successive magnification
II. Geometry of Pythagoras theorem
E. Operations on the real number
F. Laws of exponents for real number
G. Bird’s-eye view
H. Solved examples
I. Practice yourself
J. Solutions

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A. Introduction
You remember number line, don’t you?

Imagine yourself standing at 0, and you can only choose between

right and left. If you walk towards left, you travel through the territory
of negative numbers. But step on the right of zero, and you will
explore positives.

A number line, thus, becomes one dimensional, and hence, only

requires only one number to represent any position on a number
line.

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
6
1 unit

1 unit

1 unit
1 unit

1 unit

1 unit

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

In fact, all mathematical operations are nothing but travel stories on

the number line.

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For example: if jack sparrow travels from 0, goes 2 units to his right
and then walks back 5 units towards his left, he will reach the kingdom
of (-3).

After all, 2 + (-5) = -3 !!!

Similarly,

If hoppy the frog keeps jumping 3 units on his right 5 times, and he
starts from 2, then he will reach 17, because 2 + (3 x 5) = 17

Numbers have been cohabitating with us even before we humans

became the world’s most superior animals.

Pro-tip!

All numbers represent the position of a point on a number

line.

Natural numbers are represented by N. They are the series of numbers

which start from 1 and keep progressing in an interval of 1.

Tag ‘0’ along with natural numbers, and you’ll get whole numbers.
They are represented by W.

Mental floss!

Early man used natural numbers, and

their proof can still be found in
ancient caves.

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Think about it

Do natural numbers Have additive Identity?

Take all whole numbers and put a negative sign in front of them (we
will be calling them negative integers). Now if a bag contains these
numbers and our whole original numbers, we get a bag of all
integers.

Integers are represented by Z or I.

Mental floss!

‘Z’ stands for the German

word “Zahlen”, meaning
“to count”.

Don’t forget: ‘0’ is neither positive nor negative.

Rational numbers originate from the word 'ratio' and are

represented by Q (stands for quotient). They are numbers of the form
p/q, where p and q are integers, q is a non-zero integer.

Remember this!

All non-negative rational numbers are known as fractions.

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If two numbers have numerator and denominator of the same ratio,

they are known as 'equivalent rational numbers'.

A rational number is in its simplest form if it's numerator and

denominator are co-primes.

Try and learn

Find five equivalent numbers for 2/5.

There are infinitely many rational numbers between two distinct

rational numbers.

We can find mean (average) of two numbers to identify a number

between them, and the number will lie precisely at the mid-point on
the number line.

For example, mean of 5 and 9 is (5 + 9)/2 = 7, which is two units right of

5 and 2 units left of 9 on the number line.

Rational number in their decimal form are either terminating or

recurring.

Remember this!

A rational number is terminating in its decimal form if it has only

factors of 2 and 5 in its denominator in its simplest way.

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Example 1 :

Find a rational number lying between3 and 4.

Here, 4>3 so to find rational number between 3 and 4 , find the mid-
point of 3 and 4.

Sol.

Here, 4>3

x+y
We know that, if x and y are two numbers such that y>x. Then, is
2
a rational number between x and y.

3+4 7
So a rational number between 3 and 4 = =2
2

Example 2 :

3 2
Find the four rational numbers lying between and
5 3

Sol.

2 3 3 2
Here > , so let x= , y= and n=4
3 5 5 3
y-x
Since , d=
n+1

2 3 10-9
- 1 1
∴ d= 5 = 15 =
3 =
4+1 5 15×5 75

3 1 45+1 46
Now, x+d= + = =
5 75 75 75

3 2 45+2 47
x+2d= + = =
5 75 75 75

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NUMBER SYSTEM
3 3 45+3 48 16
x+3d= + = = =
5 75 75 75 25

3 4 45+4 49
And x+4d= + = =
5 75 75 75

Hence, the required four rational numbers lying between

3 2 46 47 16 49
and are , , and .
5 3 75 75 25 75

Example : 3

Find tour rational numbers between -5 and-6.

Sol.

Here, -5>-6 , so let x=-6 , y=-5 and n=4

y-x (-5-(-6) -5+6 1

Now, d= = = =
n+1 4+1 5 5

So, four rational numbers between -5 and -6 are (x+d) (x+2d), (x+3d)
and (x+4d)

1 2 3 4
i.e . (-6+ ) , (-6+ ) , (-6+ ) and (-6+ )
5 5 5 5

-30+1 -30+2 -30+3 -30+4

=( ),( ),( ) and ( )
5 5 5 5

29 28 27 26
=- ,- ,- and-
5 5 5 5

The above numbers are the required rational numbers lie between -5
and -6.

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What do you understand from this diagram?

Natural
Numbers
Whole
Numbers

Rational
Numbers

Real
Numbers

Think about it

Define a prime number. Justify why ‘1’ is not a prime

number from your definition.

Checkpoint

1. Is zero a rational number. Justify your answer.

2. Find 6 rational numbers between (-1/5) and (2/3).
3. State whether the below statements are true or false:
(a) All fractions are rational numbers.
(b) All whole numbers are positive.

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(c) All rational numbers whose denominators are 250 are
terminating decimals.
4. How many rational numbers can be determined between two
numbers?
5. How many irrational numbers can be determined between two
numbers?
6. Insert 10 rational numbers between 3.5 and 3.6.
̅̅̅̅+0.7
7. Find the value of 0.23 ̅

8. Write 9/17 in the form of bars.

Mental floss!

1/7, 2/7, 3/7, 4/7, 5/7 and 6/7 have looped repeating units.
Try finding out what they are?

1/7 = 0. ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
142857

B. Irrational numbers

If any given number is not rational, it is said to be irrational.

Irrational numbers are represented by Qc or Q’ (complement of Q).

Remember this!

Square root of a non-perfect square is always irrational.

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 CHAPTER 1
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Example : 4

Classify the following numbers as a rational or an irrational.

(i) 5-3√5 (ii) (3+√27)-(√12+√3)

5√10 6
(iii) (iv)
3√10 √5

Sol. (i) Here, 5 is a rational number and 3√5 is an irrational number.

Since, we know that Subtraction of a rational number and an
irrational number is always an irrational number. So, 5-3√5 is an
irrational number,

(ii) (3 + √27)-(√12+√13)

On simplification, we get

(3 + 3√3)-(2√3+√3)=3+3√3-2√3-√3=3 which is a rational number,

5√10 5
(iii) = which is a rational number.
3√10 3

(iv) Here, 6 is a rational number and √5 is an irrational number, Since,

we know that division of a rational number and an irrational number
is always an irrational number.

6
Hence, is an irrational number.
√5

Checkpoint

Choose irrational numbers between √2,√3,√4,√5,√6,√7,√8,√9

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Think about it

If 𝜋 = 3.14, why is it irrational?

Mental floss!

The letter ‘e’ is known as Euler’s Number. It is an irrational

number approximated to 2.72.
Irrational numbers in their decimal form are non-recurring,
non-terminating.

How to represent irrational numbers on a number line

The square root of all non-perfect square numbers can be represented

on the number line by writing them as the sum of perfect squares and
then using Pythagoras theorem.

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 CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM

D
1
√3 B

√2
X A PQ
X
O ’
-3 -2 -1 2 3

Example 5

Locate √13 on the number line.

Sol.

Here 13=9+4=32 +22 [Sum of square of two natural numbers]

So, we take a=3 and b=2

Draw OA = 3 units on number line and then draw AB =2 units, such

that

AB OA. Join OB.

B
By using Pythagoras theorem , in Δ𝑂𝐴𝐵

OB=√OA2 +AB2 2

=√32 +22
−∞ O 3 A ∞
=√9+4=√13

Taking O as centre and radius equals to OB draw an arc, which cuts

the number line at C. Hence , OC represents √13.

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CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM

√13
2

O 3 A C

√13

Checkpoint

1. Write 247 as the sum of perfect squares—plot √247 on the number

line.
2. Plot √11 on a number line.
3. state whether the following statements are false or true:
(a) Irrational numbers cannot be plotted on a number line.

(b) All numbers of the form √𝑚, where m is a natural number, is an

irrational number.
(c) 0 is not an irrational number.
(d) Any number of the form p/q is not an irrational number.
4. Plot √312 on the number line.
5. Find five irrational numbers between 7 and 9.
6. Fill in the blanks:
(a) If √𝑎 is an irrational number, then a cannot be ____.
(b) The circumference of any given circle with rational radius is __
(c) There exists ____ irrational numbers between √6 and √8

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 CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM

Think about it

1729 is known as a Ramanujan-hardy number. It is the

smallest number that can be expressed as the sum of two
perfect cubes in two different ways (1728 + 1 & 1000 + 729).

Can you find out the next number with the same property?

C.The real number and their decimal

representation

Real Numbers

Rational Irrational

Terminating Recurring Non Terminating non

Recurring

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CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
Method of converting recurring decimals into p/q form:

1. Take the number as x

2. Multiply x with power of 10 such that decimal reaches just before
recurring term.
3. Multiply x with power of 10 such that decimal reaches just after first
recurring term.
4. Subtract
5. Obtain p/q form

Example : 6

1 2
Find two irrational numbers between and , when it is given that
7 7
1
= 0.142857142857…
7

Sol.

1 2
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅  = 0.285714
We have , = 0.142857 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
7 7

Above irrational numbers have non-terminating non-repeating

decimals.

1 2
So , two irrational numbers between and may be
7 7

0.1430143001430001…..and 0.254025400254….

Note. In this question, we can write infinite number of such irrational

numbers.

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 CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
Example : 7

̅̅̅̅ in the 𝑝 form, where p and q are integers and q≠0.

Express 0.235
𝑞

Sol.

Let x=0.23535...

(i) Here, we see that one digit (i.e. 2) exist between decimal point and
recurring number. So, we multiply both sides of Eq. (i) by 10, we get

10x = 2.3535... ...(ii)

Here, we see that two digits are repeated in recurring number, so we

multiply Eq. (ii) by 100, we get 1000x = 235.3535... (iii)

On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (iii), we get

990x = 233

233
x= ̅̅̅̅ = 233 9
, Hence, 0.235 ̅
990 990

Try and learn

̅
Let x = 1.29

10x = 12.

̅
100x = 129. 9

90x = 117

x = 117/90

= 13/10

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Think about it

̅ exactly equal to 1?
Is 0.9

Checkpoint

1. Find 0. 1, 0. ̅̅̅ ̅ , 0. 5̅ , 0. ̅̅̅

2, 0. 3̅ ,0. 4 ̅ ,0. 9
̅, 0. 8
6, 0. 7 ̅. Do you see any

pattern?
2. Find an irrational number between 1/7 and 2/7
3. Express the following numbers in p/q form, if possible:
̅
(a) 2. 9 ̅
(b) 3. 21
̅̅̅̅
(c) 12. 1249 (d) 2.1010010001…
4. Find the number of repeating digits in the decimal form of 1/22
5. Find the sum of 2. ̅ ̅̅̅̅ in p/q form.
2 and 3.259
6. Find the sum of 0.0222… and 2.3999… in p/q form.
7. Find irrational numbers between:
(a) 3/8 and 4/11
(b) √3 and 2
̅ and 0. 3̅
(c) 0. 2

Think about it

21967 cannot be a square number. The same can be

said about 5646792. We can conclude it without any
calculation. Can you think of a reason why?

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 CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM

D. Representing real numbers on a number line

Method of successive magnification

Any terminating decimal can be exactly represented on the number

line by magnifying a particular zone to the same power of 10 as the
number of digits after the decimal.

For example, 2.358 can be represented by magnifying the zone

between 2 and 3 on the number line by 1000 times and dividing it
into 1000 equal parts.

Example : 8

Visualise 4.575 on the number line, using successive

magnification.

Sol.

We know that, 4.575 lies between 4 and 5. So, let us divide the part
of the number line between 4 and 5 into 10 equal parts and look at
the portion between 4.5 and 4.6 through a magnifying glass

Now, 4.575 lies between 4.5 and 4.6 [fig. (i)]. Now, we imagine to
divide this again into 10 equal parts. The first mark will represent

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CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
4.51, the next 4.52 and so on. To see this clearly, we magnify this as
shown [Fig. (ii)].

Again, 4.575 lies between 4.57 and 4.52 [Fig.(ii)]

So, let us focus coo this portion of the number line and imagine to
divide it again into 10 equal parts [Fig. (iii)].

We call this process, visualisation of representation of numbers on

the number line through a magnifying glass as we do successive
magnification in it.

Thus, we can visualise that 4.571 is the first mark and 4.575 is the
fifth mark in these subdivisions

For non-terminating decimals, we can approximate the same

method to the specific number of decimal digits.

For example, √3 approximated to three decimal places is 1.732

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Checkpoint

1. Visualize 4.9743 on a number line.

̅ on the number line up to four decimal places.
2. Visualize 3. 21

Geometry of Pythagoras theorem

To plot the square root of a non-perfect square, we use geometry

based on Pythagoras theorem.

Algorithm to find √x on a number line

1 Draw length AB = x

2 Draw BC = 1 as an extension of AB

3 Draw O as mid-point of AC.

4 Draw a semi-circle with AC as diameter

5 Draw BD perpendicular to AC, where D lies

on the semi-circle

6 BD = √x

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CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
Logic

AC=x+1, OC=(x+1)/2

OC is the radius, hence OC = OD

OB=OC-1=(x-1)/2

Hence by Pythagoras theorem,

BD2 =OD2 -OB2

2 2
= ((x+1)/2) - ((x-1)/2)

4x
= =x
4

Hence, BD = √x

Checkpoint

1. Plot square root of 8 on the number line.

2. Plot square root of 6.7 on the number line.

Mental floss!

What does this

picture of Pythagoras
signify?

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 CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM

E. Operations on the real number

(i) The sum and difference of a rational and an irrational number is
always irrational.
(ii) The product or quotient of a rational (non-zero) and an irrational
number is always irrational.
(iii) If we add, subtract, multiply or divide two irrational numbers, the
result can be rational or irrational.
Let a, b > 0, then:
(i) √ab=√a√b

a √a
(ii) √ =
b √b

(iii) (√a+√b) (√a-√b)=a-b

(iv) (a+√b)(a-√b)=a2 -b

(v) (√a+√b) (√c+√d)=√ac+ √ad+ √bc+ √bd

2
(vi) (√a+√b) =a+2√ab+b

Example : 9

(√3-√5)(√5+√3)
Simplify :
7-2√5

Sol.

2 2
(√3-√5)(√3+√5) (√3) -(√5)
=
7-2√5 7-2√5

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CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
2 2
[∵(a-b)(a+b)=[a -b ]

3-5 7+2√5
= × [by rationalising ]
7-2√5 7+2√5

-2(7+2√5) 2
= 2
[∵(a-b)(a+b)=a2 -b ]
(7)2 -(2√5)

-2(7+2√5) -2(7+2√5) -14-4√5

= = =
49-20 29 29

Think about this

Can square root of a number negative?

Checkpoint

Find a case where the sum of two irrational numbers gives a rational
number as the answer.

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NUMBER SYSTEM

F. Laws of exponents

Let 'a'>0 be a real number and

p, q be rational numbers, then:

ap ×aq = ap+q

(ap )q = apq

p
ap ×b =(ab)p

n m n
am/n =( √a) = √am

p
a -p b 1
( ) = a-p =
b a ap

ap
= ap-q
aq

Example 10

Show that

a+b b+c
(xa-b ) .(xb-c ) .(xc-a )c+a =1.

Sol.

a+b b+c
LHS=(xa-b ) .(xb-c ) .(xc-a )c+a

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CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
2 -b2 2
-c2 2 -a2
=xa .xb .xc [∵(A-B)(A+B)=A2 +B2 ]

2 -b2 +b2 -c2 +c2 -a2

=xa =x0 [∵Am ×An =Am+n ]

=1=RHS, hence proved.

Example 11
1 3
If x=1+√2, then find the value of (x- )
x

Sol.

Given , x=1+√2

1 1 1 1-√2
Now = = × [by rationalising]
x 1+√2 1+√2 1-√2

1-√2 2
= 2
[∵(a-b)(a+b)=a2 -b ]
12 -(√2)

1-√2 1-√2
= = =√2-1
1-2 -1

1
And (x- ) = (1+√2)-√2-1)=1+√2-√2+1=2
x

1 3
∴ (x- ) = (2)3 = 8
x

Example 12
6 x 5 2x 125
Find the value of x, if ( ) ( ) = .
5 6 216

Sol.

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 CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM

6 x 5 2x 125
Given , ( ) ( ) =
5 6 216
-m
5 -x 5 2x 5 3 a m b
 ( ) ×( ) =( ) [∵ ( ) = ]
6 6 6 b a

5 -x+2x 5 3
 ( ) =( ) [∵(a)m ×(a)n =(a)m+n ]
6 6

5 x 5 3
 ( ) =( )
6 6

On comparing the power from both sides , we get x=3

Checkpoint

1. The value of (14641)0.25 is:

1 1/2
2. If z=0.0064, the value of ( ) is:
z

1 3
3. If x=1-√2, then the value of (x- ) :
x

3 4
4. The value of √ √22 Is:

3x-2 3x
5. If a= , b= and a-b=0, then x = ?
3x-5 3-x-2

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CHAPTER 1
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Bird’s-eye view

 Natural numbers are those numbers which are used for counting.

 Whole numbers are the collection of natural numbers together

with zero.

 Integers are the collection of all whole numbers and negative of

natural numbers.

 Rational numbers are the numbers which can be expressed in the

form p/q, where p and q are integers and q≠0.

 Numbers that are not rational numbers are termed as irrational

numbers.

 Real numbers are the collection of rational and irrational numbers.

 Two numbers are said to be equivalent, if their numerators and

denominators are in same proportion.

 The decimal expansion of rational numbers is either terminating or

non-terminating and recurring.

 The decimal expansion of irrational numbers is non-terminating

non-recurring.

 If a is rational and b is irrational, then a + b, a – b, ab, a/b are

irrational.

 If a and b are both irrational, then a + b, a – b, ab, a/b may or may

not be irrational.

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 CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
 If ‘a’ is any real number and ‘n’ is any positive integer such that
1
n
a = √a is a real number, then ‘n’ is called the exponent, ‘a’ is
n

called radicand.

 Let a, b > 0, then:

a √a
(i) √ab=√a√b (ii) √ =
b √b

(iii) (√a+√b) (√a-√b)=a-b

(iv) (a+√b)(a-√b)=a2 -b

(v) (√a+√b) (√c+√d)=√ac+ √ad+ √bc+ √bd

2
(vi) (√a+√b) =a+2√ab+b

1 √a-b
 To rationalize the denominator of , we multiply it with ,
√a+b √a-b

where a and b are integers.

Let a>0 be a real number and p, q be rational numbers, then:

(i) ap ×aq =ap+q

(ii) (ap )q =apq

ap
(iii) =ap-q
aq

p
(iv) ap ×b =(ab)p

1
(v) a-p =
ap

a -p b p
(vi) ( ) = ( )
b a

n m n
(vii) am/n =( √a) = √am , where m, n ∈ 𝐍

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CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM

Solved examples

Question 1

240 -239 +238

Evaluate
241 +240 -239

Sol.

240 -239 +238 238 (22 +21 +1)

39 =
241 +240 -2 239 (22 +21 -1)

[Taking 238 common from numerator and 239 from denominator]

4+2+1 ap
=238 -239 ( ) [∵ =ap-q ]
4+2-1 aq

7 1 7 7
=2-1 × = × =
5 2 5 10

Question 2

If 2x = 3y = 6z prove that

1 1 1 xy
+ - =0 or z=
x y z x+y

Sol.

Let 2x = 3y = 6z = k

⇒2x=k, 3y =k, and 6z=k

⇒2=k1/x, 3=k1/y and 6=k1/z

Now, 6 = (k)1/z ⇒2× 3 = 𝑘1/𝑧

1 1 1 1
+
⇒(k)1/x ×(k)1/y =(k)z ⇒(k)x y =(k)z

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 CHAPTER 1
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On equating the power from both sides, we get

1 1 1
+ =
x y z

1 1 1
∴ + - =0
x y z
1 1 1 1 x+y
Now, = + ⇒ =
z x y z xy

xy
Or z=
x+y

Question 3

1 1/2
Find the value of [(16) ] 2

Sol.

1 1/2 1 1/2
4 2
[(16)2 ] = [(2 ) ]

1 1/2
4× 2
= [2 ] [∵(am )n =amn ]

1/2
=[22 ]

1
2× 2
= [2 ] =21 =2

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CHAPTER 1
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Question 4

1 2
1 -
- 4
Simplify the expression [{(81) } ] 2

Sol.

1 1
(81)-2×-4×2 =(81)1/4

1/4 1
=[(3)4 ] =(3)4×4 =3 [∵(am )n =amn ] and 81=(3)4

Question 5

Solve the following questions :

(i) Find the product of (8+3√2)and (8-3√2)

(ii) Find the square of (8+5√3).

3 5
(iii) Find the product of √ +√ and (√5+√2)
5 2

Sol.

(8+3√2)and (8-3√2)

2 2
=(8)2 -(3√2) [∵(a+b) (a-b) = a2 -b ]

=64-18 =46

2 2
(ii) (8+5√3) = (8)2 +2×8×(5√3)

2
[∵(a+b)2 = a2 +b +2ab]

= 64+80√3+75 = 139+80√3

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 CHAPTER 1
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3 5
(iii) √ +√ (√5+√2)
5 2

√3 √3 √5 √5
=( ×√5+ ×√2+ ×√5+ ×√2)
√5 √5 √2 √2

√6 5
=√3+ + +√5
√5 √2

Question 6

1 2 1
Find two irrational numbers between and when it is given that
7 7 7

= 0.142857142857...

Sol.

1 2
We have. = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
0.142857 ⇒ = 0. ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
285714
7 7

Above irrational numbers have non-terminating nonrepeating

1 2
decimals. So, two irrational numbers between and may be
7 7

0.1430143001430001 and 0.254025400254...

[Note: In this question, we can write Infinite number of such

irrational numbers]

Question 7

Locate √13 on the number line.

Sol. Here, 13=9+4=32 +22

[Sum of the square of two natural numbers]

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CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
So, we take a =3 and b = 2

Draw, OA=3 unit on number line and then draw AB=2 units, such
that AB⊥OA.

Join OB.

By using Pythagoras theorem, in △OAB

OB=√OA2 +AB2

=√32 +22

=√9+4 =√13

Taking O as centre and radius equal to OB, draw an arc, which cuts
the number line at C. Hence ., OC represent √13.

33
 CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
Question 8

1 -1/6
5 5
Simplify the expression [(6) ]

Sol.
1
1 - 1 1 1
6
5 5 5 5×-(6) 5 -
30
[(6) ] =( ) =( )
6 6

1
6 30 a -m b m
=( ) [∵ ( ) =( ) ]
5 b a

Question 9
3 3
81 -4 9 2 5 -3
(16) × [(25) + (2) ]

Sol:
3
3 3 2 2
-
3 4 4 {( ) }
5
[(2) ] = [ 5 -3
]
( )
2

3 3
3 4×-4 3 2×2 5 3
=( ) × [( ) ] × ( )
2 5 2
56/675

3 -3 3 3 5 3
=( ) ×( ) ×( )
2 5 2

23 33 53 a -m b m
= 3× 3× [∵ ( ) =( ) ]
3 5 23 b a

=1

34
CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM

Very Short Answer Type (Each carries one mark)

1. Find a rational numbers between –2 and 6.

-2 1
2. Find a rational number between and .
3 4

-16
3. Find the decimal representation of .
45

7
4. Express in the decimal form by long division method.
8

35
5. Convert in to decimal form by long division method.
16

Short Answer Type (Each carries two mark)

-3 8
6. Insert 10 rational numbers between and .
11 11

-3 9
7. Insert 10 rational numbers between and .
13 13

7
8. Represent 2 on the number line.
9

9. 4/13 in decimal form is:

10. If (5)x-3 ×(3)2x-8 = 225, then x= ?

p
11. Express 0.99999… in the form , where p and q are integers
q

and q≠0.

Short Answer Type (Each carries three mark)

12. Represent √5 on the number line.

13. Prove that 5-√3 is irrational.

35
 CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
p
̅̅̅̅ in
14. 0.123 form is:
q

m
15. If 0.142857142857…is expressed in form of , then (2m+n) = ?
n

p
16. Show that 1.272727… = 1.27 can be expressed in the form ,
q

where p and q are integers and q≠0.

p
17. Show that 0.2353535….= 0.235 can be expressed in the form ,
q

where p and q are integers and q≠0.

p
18. Show that 0.2353535….=0.235 can be expressed in the form ,
q

where p and q are integers and q≠0.

6
19. The value of , if √3 = 1.732 and√5 = 2.236, is:
√5-√3

√2-1
20. √2=1.4142, then the value of √ is:
√2+1

a-1 a-1
21. -1 + -1 =?
a-1 +b a-1 -b

1 1
22. + =?
1+xa-b 1+xb-a

Long Answer Type (Each carries four mark)

√3+√2 √3-√2 2
23. If x= And y= , then (x+y) = ?
√3-√2 √3+√2

3+√7
24. If =a+b√ 7, then the value of a+b= ?
3-√7

36
CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM

1. Prove that √3 is an irrational number.

2. Identify √45 as rational number or irrational number.
3. Write three numbers whose decimal expansions are non-
terminating recurring.
4. Prove that √3-√2 is an irrational number.
5. Represent √9.3 can the number line.
6. Find the six rational numbers between 3 and 4.
1 1
7. Find three rational number lying between and .
6 5

8. Express the following in decimal form

(a) 15.712 (b) 4.32̄

9. Find two irrational numbers between 0.12 and 0.13.
1
10. Rationalize : .
√2+√3+√5

Multiple choice questions (Round 1)

This section contains multiple choice questions. Each question has 4 choices (A),
(B), (C), (D), out of which ONLY ONE is correct. Choose the correct option.

11. The value of 0.423 is

423 423
(A) (B)
1000 100
423 419
(C) (D)
990 990

37
 CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
1 0
12. ( ) + (64)-1/2 - (-32)4/5 is equal to
64
7 1
(A) -15 (B) 16
8 8
7 1
(C) -14 (D) 17
8 8

13. The value of x, when 2x+4. 3x+1 = 288

(A) 1 (B) - 1
(C) 0 (D) 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
14.Value of + + + + + + +
1+√2 √2+√3 √3+√4 √4+√5 √5+√6 √6+√7 √7+√8 √8+√9

(A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 4 (D) 5
1 1
15. If a = 2 + √3 and b = 2 - √3 then a2
- 2 is equal to
b

(A) 14 (B) -14

(C) 8√3 (D) -8√3
5√2
16. By taking √2=1.414, write the value of
2

(A) 3.535 (B) 4.535

(C) 5.53 (D) 2.535

17. Which of the following statement is not true?

(A)The sum of a rational numbers and an irrational number is an

irrational number

(B)The product of a non-zero rational number and an irrational

number is an irrational number.

(C) Negative of an irrational number is an irrational number.

(D)The sum of two irrational numbers is always irrational number.

38
CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
18. Which of the following statements is not true?

(A) √5.3 is a real number

22
(B) 𝜋 is equal to
7

(C) All rational numbers are terminating or recurring.

(D) Product of two irrational number can be rational or irrational

3
19. Which of the following is equal to √xy2 ÷x2 y

(A) x-5/3 y-1/3 (B) x-1/3 y-5/3

(C) x5/3 y1/3 (D) x1/3 y5/3

8 13
√2 √2
20. What is the value of ( ) ÷ ( )
5 5
1
(A) (B) 1
2
3
(C) (D) 4
2

21. 3n × 9n + 1  (3n – 1 × 9n – 1)
(A) 343 (B) –343
(C) –243 (D) 243
22. The number of composite numbers between 101 and 120 are:
[NSO - 2009]

(A) 11 (B) 12

(C) 13 (D)14

23. A set of whole numbers satisfy property/properties under

multiplication? [NSO - 2008]
(A) Closed (B) Commutative
(C) Associative (D) All of these

39
 CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
Multiple choice questions (Round 2)

This section contains multiple choice questions. Each question has 4 choices (A),
(B), (C), (D), out of which ONE or MORE is correct. Choose the correct option.

24. Which is not the rationalizing factor of 1 + √2+√3?

(A) 1 + √2-√3 (B) 2
(C) 4 (D) 1+√2+√3

1 3 -2
25. Evaluate √( )
64

(A) 4 (B) 16
1
(C) 32 (D)
2-4

2n+3 -2(2n )
26. when simplified is
2(2n+2)
1
(A) 1 - 2(2n) (B) 2n+3 -
4
3 6
(C) n+1 (D) n+2
2 2

√3-1
27. Which of the following is not the value of b in =a+b√3
√3+1

(A) 2 (B) –1
(C) –3 (D) 4
√5-2 √5+2
28. Which of the following is equal to -
√5+2 √5-2

(A) 8√5 (B) -8√5

(C) 5√2 (D) -√320

Matrix match type

Question contains statements given in two columns, which have to be matched.

The statements in Column I are labelled A, B, C and D, while the statements in
Column II are labelled p, q, r, s and t. Any given statement in Column I can have
correct matching with ONE OR MORE statements(s) in Column II.

40
CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM

29. Match the column

Column I Column II
(A) Integer (p) Imaginary Number
(B) Zero (q) Irrational number
(C) Natural number (r) Whole number
(D) Sum of a rational and
irrational number (s) Rational number

30. Match the column

Column I Column II
1
(A) (p) irrational
2+√3

(B) 641/2 (q) 561/2

(C) 163/4 (r) 8
(D) 71/2 81/2 (s) 2 - √3

31. Match the column

Column I Column II
6 3 3 6
- -
3 7 ×4 7 ×97 ×27
(A) (p) – 42
22 +20 +2-2
2 1 1
-
(32)5 ×(4) 2 ×(8)3 4
(B) -2 -1/3
(q)
2 ÷(64) 21

-7+2x
52(x+6) ×(25)
(C) 2x (r) 4
(125)
n+2
72n+3 -(49) 1
(D) n+1 2/3
(s)
((343) ) 25

41
 CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
Integer answer type

The answer to each of the questions is a single-digit integer, ranging from 0 to 9

𝑝
32. Express 0.99999 ….. in the form ,
𝑞

33. Evaluate 255  260  297  218.

34. If 25x1 = 52x1  100, find the value of x.
-2
9n ×32 ×(3-n/2 ) -(27)n 1
35. If 3m 3 = then the value of m  n.
3 +2 27

Comprehension type

36. The negative integers – 1, – 2, – 3,…. Are represented by the points

on the left side of 0 (zero) at distances 1 unit, 2 units, 3 units, … ,
respectively. When you move along the number line from 0
(zero) towards the left-hand side, there will be infinitely many
negative integers. The collection of all integers (positive, negative
and zero) is denoted by the symbol Z.
(i) What is the collection of all integers ?
(A) N (B) W
(C) Z (D) R
(ii)Zero is whole number but negative or positive?
(A) +1 (B) –1
(C) positive (D) neither negative nor positive

42
CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
Crossword

Across

2. German representation of 'to count.'

4. Numbers left in root form (√) to express its exact value.

7. Numbers that are terminating or recurring

8. Representation of power of any constant or variable

Down

1. The mathematician who is related to right-angled triangles

3. A line representing all numbers

5. Self-repeating

6. Whole numbers and their negative counterparts

9. Only even prime number

43
 CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM

Solutions

Novice level

3. 0.35̅

4. – 0.875

5. 2.1875

̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
9. 0.307692

10. 5

11. 1

14. 61/495

15. 9

19. 11.904

20. 0.4142
2
2b
21. 2
b -a2

22. 1

23. 100

24. 11

44
CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM

Advanced level

31 32 33 34 35 36
6. , , , , ,
10 10 10 10 10 10

2√3+3√2-√30
10.
12

Multiple choice questions

Single correct type
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
(A) (C) (A) (A) (D)
16. 17. 18 19. 20
(A) (D) (B) (A) (D)
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
(D) (A) (D) (D) (D)

Multiple correct type

26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
(B,C,D) (B,D) (C,D) (A,C,D) (B,D)

Matrix match type

31. 32. 33.
(A-s), (B-s), (C-r), (D-q) (A-p, s), (B-r), (C-r), ( D-q) (A-q), (B-r), (C-s), (D-p)

45
 CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
Integer answer type
34. 35. 36. 37.
1 0 2 1

Comprehensive type
38. (i). (C) (ii). (D)

Crossword

Across Down

2. Zahlen 1. Pythagoras

4. Surds 3. Number Line

7. Rational Number 5. Recurring

8. Exponents 6. Integers

9. Two

END

46