STUDENT COPY IBA Name Batch: ENGLISH LECTURE - 05 Part Contents Page REVIEW TEST 2 ot | STRUCTURE AND WRITTENIEXPRESSION "AQUECTIVE/ADVERB ERRORS ADJECTIVES WITH LINKING VERBS /ADVERBIALS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SENTENCE ENOUGH WITH ADJECTIVE, ADVERB, NOUN’ 0 AFFIRMATIVE AGREEMENT NEGATIVE AGREEMENT EMBEDDED QUESTION PREFIX AND SUFFIX 02 | TAKE-HOME ASSIGNMENT © VOCABULARY-5 16 LIST OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS-5 MENTORS” ations study abroadREVIEW TEST Timo: 25 min Score: e whether the following sentences are CORRECT (C) or INCORRECT (I). Correct mistakes. 4. Thave been in Mexico during the summer of 1970. Mary had prepared dinner when | arrived, so we were able to eat immediately. Three years ago he had been a student at a university in California, We have collected stamps for many years. We took the bus downtown, did a few errands, and had gone to lunch, 2 3 4 5, 6. Since he bought a new car, he has been driving to work every day. 7. Last night they have recognized us from the party we went to earier in the week. 8, Since Ted graduated, he has been working with his father 9. The doctor had seen ten patients since eight o'clock this moming 1 10. He is studying English for the last five years. Choose the erroneous option from amongst the underlined portions of the sentence. If you deem the sentence to be correct as itis, write down."E’-for "No Error”. 1. After the incident was oVer, neither the passengers nor the bus driver were able to identify the A 8 ¢ youngster who had eresited the disturbance. No error D E 2. Ihave been thinking lately about the monsters— or fantasies or whatever—that frightened A B c myself as a child. No error D E 3. According to a random poll taken by National Wildlife, the top three threats to the environment A B is water pollution, air pollution, and hazardous wastes. No error c D E 4. Itseems strange to realize that, when Harvey Firestone organized the Firestone Tire and Rubber A B Company in 1900, rubber tires had been a novelty. No error c D E 5. There are probably few comeback stories as moving as cycling’s stalwart champion, Lance A B c D Ammstrong. No error E Copyright © mewrors’ 2020. JA) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9349059, 3959796 www.mentors.com.bd Page-2Choose the best version of the underlined portion in each sentence. 1 Recent studies indicate that the ability of a soldier to remain calm under attack by enemies, internal or external, determine whether the soldier will be the victor or the vanquished, A. determine whether the soldier will be the victor or the vanquished B. determines whether the soldier will be the victor and the vanquished. C. determine whether the soldier should be the victor and the vanquished. . determines whether the soldier will be the victor or the vanquished. E. determine if the soldier will be the victor or the vanquished, The professor predicts that as students become more and more dependent on coaching classes in the coming years, coaching institutes have been mushrooming across the country. ‘A. coaching institutes have been mushrooming —_B. coaching institutes will mushroom C. coaching institutes are mushrooming D. coaching institutes should mushroom E. coaching institutes will be mushrooming Supercell, a continuously rotating updraft deep within a thunderstorm, is not visible in all thunderstorms because they reaulre very high wind velocity and moisture. A. because they require B. because they will require _C. because it will require D. because it requires E. because of requiring Menlo University range of graduate programmes have been developed to full your needs whether you intend to pursue a career in industry, business, government, NGOs or academia, and whatever your background, ‘A. have been developed to:fulfl your needs. whether you intend to. pursue a career in industry, business, government, NGOs or. academia, and whatever B,_has been developed to fulfil your needs ityou intend'to pursue a career in industry, business, goverment, NGOs or academia, or whatever. C. have been devaloped for fulfiing your needs whether you intend to pursue a career in industry, business, government, NGOs or academia, and whatever D. has been developed to fulfl your needs whether you intend to pursue a career in industry, business, government, NGOs or academia, and whatever E_ has been developed to fulfl your needs whether one intends to pursue a career in industry, business, government, NGOs or academia, or whatever The banned Rebel Party today dismissed allegations levelled by the opposition members on the nexus between them and the dissidents, saying that they did not have any relations with the dissidents, ‘A. on the nexus between them and the dissidents, saying that they did not have any relations with the dissidents. B. on the nexus between it and the dissidents, saying that they did not have any relations with the dissidents, C. on the nexus between it and the dissidents, saying that it did not have any relations with the dissidents. D. about the nexus between them and the dissidents, saying that it did not have any relations with the dissidents. E. for the nexus between it and the dissidents and said that it did not have any relations with the dissidents. Copyright © MeWToRé’ 2020-21 IBA (1 |A) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9349059, 3959796 www.mentors.com.bd Page-3Fill in the following blanks with the right word from the options below. 4. The dog was ‘over the death of her owner; she cried many nights near his grave and stood her ground until she was ejected from the cemetery a) divergent b) despondent c) diffident _d) deleterious _e) delusional 2, The scars on the rescued child highlight the, of her captor; she was roped up in a cage. a)discrepancy _b) delineation c) devastation ) disinclination e) depravity 3, He had the honour of ghost-writing the President's "autobiography" - a president for whom he did not vote. a) dubious b) detrimental) demonstrational _d) dismissive _@) decreasing 4, They were a duo; whether it was food or money, they never ran out of issues to contend, a) derivative b) daring ©) disputatious d) discordant ©) dogmatic 5. Cardinal Richelieu was the man pulling the strings behind the nominal king; his reputation as a man inspired caution in his patrons. a) devious b) dissenting —c) disagreeing d) destructive e) decent PART II: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION ‘ADJECTIVE/ADVERB ERRORS. The most common type of word form problem involves the use of an adverb in place of an adjective or an adjective in place of an adverb, ADJECTIVE Adjectives fall into two categories: descriptive and limiting. Descriptive adjectives are those that describe the color, size, or quality of a person or thing (noun or pronoun). Limiting adjectives place restrictions on the words they modify (quantity, distance, possession, etc.) NOTE: Only these and those are plural forms. All other adjectives remain the same whether the noun is singular or plural Descriptive Limiting Deautiful cardinal numbers (one, two) Targe ‘ordinal numbers (first, second) red possessives (my, your, his) interesting demonstratives (this, that, thase, those) important quantity (few, many, much) colorful articles (a, an, the) When descriptive adjectives modify a singular countable noun, they are usually preceded by a, an, or the. anice girl an interesting story _the red dress A few points to keep in mind: Copyright © mewrors’ 2020. |A) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9349059, 3959796 www.mentors.com.bd Page-4ADJECTIVES MODIFY NOUNS, NOUN PHRASES, AND PRONOUNS. + Adjectives often come before nouns. An important test A.quiet evening + They often answer the question what kind or which? She is a brilliant doctor. (What kind of a doctor is she? A brilliant one.) + Adjectives also follow the verb to be and other linking verbs. ADJECTIVES WITH LINKING (COPULATIVE) VERBS A special category of verbs connects or links the subject with the subject complement (predicate adjective). Unlike most verbs, these do not show action. They must be modified by adjectives, not adverbs. Be ‘Appear Feat Become Seem Took Remain Sound ‘Smell Stay Taste Ashraf feels bad about his test grade. Children become tired quite easily Lucy will look radiant in her new dress. ‘They were to see us leave. ‘The flowers smell sweet. ‘The soup tastes good, Be, become, and remain can be followed by noun phrases.as well as adjectives. + They remained sad even thoughiNtriéd f6 cheer them up: Adjective + Children often become boréd atiricetings. Adjective Feel, look, smell, and taste may also be transitive verbs and take a direct object.- When they function in this way, they become active and are modified by adverbs. Notice the following pairs of sentences. ‘Those which take objects are active, and those which do not are linking, + The lady is smelling the flowers gingerly object adverb + After being closed up for so long, the house smells musty, adjective + The chef tasted the meat-cautiously before presenting it to the king, object —adverb Exercise : Choose the correct options. 4. Your cold sounds (terible/sick). 2. The pianist plays very (good/well 3. The food in the restaurant always tastes (good/well). 4. The campers remained (calm/calmly) despite the thunderstorm. 5. They became (terrible/sick) after eating the contaminated food. 6. He felt (happy/happily) about his promotion. 7. The song sounded (melodious/melodiously) to me. 8. Lyanna managed to look (pretty/pretily) despite having no access to her makeup. 9. He managed to look (quick/quickly) at the files before getting caught. 40. | wish you would always remain so (cheerful/cheerfuly). Copyright © MeWToRé’ 2020-21 IBA (1 |A) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9348058, 3959796 won combd Page-sExercise 2, Correct mistakes in the following sentences, 4. We love to go to the country in the spring because the wild flowers smell so sweetly. Although the medi The meal tasted well. ‘The music sounds sweetly and soothing, When he complained that the food tasted badly, the waiter took it back to the kitchen and brought him something else. 6. _ tis impossible to view Picasso's Guernica without feeling bad about the fate of the people portrayed, | elt sadly when | read the letter. That gossip sounds malicious. ‘The wine tastes awfully, like vinegar. 10, The gifs look adorable in their party costumes. 1 tastes bad, it seems to help my condition. 2 3 4 5 ADVERB ADVERBS MODIFY VERBS (EXCEPT LINKING VERBS), ADJECTIVES, PARTICIPLE ADJECTIVES, PREPOSITIONS, ADVERB CLAUSE MARKERS, OR OTHER ADVERBS. Bamey eagerly accepted the challenge. (adverb moditying the main verb accepted) It was a rapidly changing situation. (adverb modifying the present participle changing) + Adverbs modifying a whole sentence: ‘Sometimes adverbs are used at the beginning of-sentences usually.followed by a comma. These adverbs sometimes modify the entire sentence rather than one word in the sentence. Generally, ike my classes, Usually, Professor Rahi's lectures are more interesting, + General Forms of Adverbs: Most adverbs tested in this section are adverbs of manner. They are formed by adi ‘suffix — ly or -ally to an adjective. Quick Quickly Comfortable Comfortably Comic Comically Historic Historically Note (A): A few adverbs (fast, hard, high, for example) have the same form as adjectives. He bought a fast car. (Adjective) He was diving so fast that he got a speeding ticket. (Adverb) Note (B): Some adjectives also end in ly, friendly, yearly, costly, and lively, for example. That was a costly mistake. found Houston a very friendly city. Note (C): Wells the irregular adverb form of the adjective good. Siam is an exceptionally good student, He did very well on the last test. Copyright © MeWToRé’ 2020-21 IBA (1 |A) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9348055, 8959796 www.mentors.com.bd Page-6SAMPLE ITEMS. 1. _ First specializing in industrial photography, Margaret Bourke-White later became a famous news A B photographer and editorial c D The adjective editorial is used to describe the field of editing. However, a noun referring to a person editor is needed in this sentence. ‘Sample 2: Com played an important role in the cultural of the cliff-dwelling Indians of the Southwest A B c D The noun culture, not the adjective cultural is needed. ‘Sample 3.That galaxy is the most distance object visible to observers in the Northern Hemisphere. A B c D The adjective distant is needed in place of the noun distance. EXERCISE 3: IDENTIFYING ERRORS AND RECOGNIZING CORRECT USE OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS. 1. Goats are extremely destruction to natural vegetation and are often responsible for soil erosion. A B c D 2, Wild plants were of considerable important to early settlers, and many are still used medicinally A B c D 3, In most Western states, the first major industry was mining, which was gradually supplemented A B c by ranches. D 4, Peach trees grow good in a variety of soil types, but do best in sandy loam. AB c D 5. The unit of measuring called the foot was originally based on the lenath of the human foot, A B c D Exercise 4, Define whether the sentences below are CORRECT (C) or INCORRECT (|). Correct mistakes. 1. "Please get a move on!" shouted Trevor impatient. believe she is a very lonely woman. | didnt like his plan, which seemed unnecessary complicated to me. {I'm sure you could win the match if you tried hardly. Thave an awful headache; so could you please be quiet. Soraya's only been in France a year, but she speaks perfectly French. The reason Bruce gets so tired is that he has an exceptional demanding job. My mother was very ill last year, but she's good enough to go on holiday now. Islam ran as fast as he could but he stil arrived late. 10. In spite of the fact that Jean always says she's short of money, | happen to know she actually has a very good-paid job. Copyright © MeWToRé’ 2020-21 IBA (1 |A) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9349059, 3959796 www.mentors.com.bd Page-7"ADVERBIALS AT THE BEGINNING OF A SENTENCE] Placing “Adverbials” at the beginning of a sentence indicates a stronger emphasis on the action than when the adverbial is in its normal position. If the adverbial appears at the beginning of a sentence, the grammar of the sentence is somewhat different. Juan hardly remembers the accident that took his sister's life. Hardly does Juan remember the ‘accident that took his sister's life. Hardly Rarely Seldom + Auxillary + Subject + Verb. Never Only Never have so many people been unemployed as today. Adverbial Auxiliary subject. =» verb (So many people have never been unemployed as today) Hardly had he. fallen _asleep when he began to dream of far-away lands. Adverbial Auxiliary ‘Subject ——Vverb (He had hardly fallen asleep When he begah to dream of far-away lands) Rarely have we ‘seen such an effective aotor as he has proven himself to be. Adverbial Auxiliary = USubject) °° verb! (We have rarely seen suctan’effective-actor such’arveffective'actor as he'has proven himself to be) Exercise 5: Bring the Adverbials at the beginning of the sentence. 4. Isnaad rarely forgets to do his homework. 2. [rarely find a song that fits my mood so appropriately. 3, [seldom get good grades without studying. 4, Jane can finish this work only by staying up all night. 5. Thad hardly walked half-way to the bus station when it began to rain 6. We have never heard so moving a rendition as this one. 7. We rarely watch television during the week. 8, [had barely completed my work before my boss gave me another assignment. 8, This professor seldom lets his students leave class early 10, Lact like a fool only in front of my friends. Copyright © mewrors’ 2020. JA) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9349059, 3959796 www.mentors.com.bd Page-8ENOUGH WITH ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS, AND NOUNS Enough changes posi adverb. ions depending on whether it is modifying a noun, an adjective, or an When modifying an adjective or an adverb, enough follows, adjective / adverb + enough ‘Are those French fries crisp enough for you? Adjective ‘She speaks Spanish well enough to be an interpreter. Adver Itis not cold enough to wear a heavy jacket. Adjective When modifying a noun, enough precedes the noun, Enough + noun Do you have enough sugar for the cake? noun Jake bought enough red pain! to finish the barn. noun phrase He does not have enough money to attend the concert. noun NOTE: The noun that is modified by enough may sometimes be deleted with no change in meaning. | forgot my money. Do you have enough? (We understand that the speaker means -enough money. EXERCISE 6: Choose the correct form of ,Enough' h the following sentences, There were not (enough people/people enough) to have the meeting ‘Sadman has leamed (enough French/French enough) to study in France next year. Do you have (enough time/time enough) to talk now? ‘Are you (enough man/man enough) to fulfll your responsibilities? ‘She drove (enough fastfast enough) to win the race. Rubab will graduate from law school (enough soon/soon enough) to join his father's firm, The team lost due to not having (enough discipline/discipline enough) in them. It should be an (enough easy/easy enough) task for you, ‘We do not have (enough men/men enough) for a game of tug of war. 10. The coach was mad at his players for not being (enough disciplinedidisciplined enough). Copyright © MeWToRé’ 2020-21 IBA (1 |A) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9349059, 3959796 www.mentors.com.bd Page-3‘AFFIRMATIVE AGREEMENT When indicating that one person or thing does something and then adding that another does the same, use the word so or fo0. To avoid needless repetition of words from the affirmative statement, Use the conjunction and, followed by a simple statement using so or too. The order of this statement will depend on whether so or too is used. 1. When a form of the verb be is used in the main clause, the same tense of the verb be is used in the simple statement that follows. ‘Subject + verb (be) + too Affirmative statement (be) + and + So + verb (be) + subject | am happy, and you are too, | am happy, and so are you. 2. When a compound verb (auxiliary + verb), for example, will go, should do, has done, have written, must continue, etc., occurs in the main clause, the auxiliary of the main verb is used in the simple statement, and the subject and verb must agree. subject + auxiliary only + too Affirmative statement + and + (compound verb) + So + auxiliary only + subject They will work in the lab tomorrow, and you will too. They will workin the lab tomorroWv, and $0 vil you 3. When any verb except be appears without any auxiliaries in the main clause, the auxiliary do, does, or did is used in the simple statement. The subject and verb must agree and the tense must be the same. Subject + do, does, or did * too Affirmative statement + and + (single verb except be) + So + do, does, or did + subject Jane goes to that school, and my sister does too, Jane goes to that school, and so does my sister. Exercise 7: Affirmative Agreement Arshi likes to fly, and her brother _ too They will leave at noon, and | __ too. He has an early appointment, and so__ L She has already written her composition, and so__her friends ‘Their plane is arriving at nine o'clock, and so mine. ‘Copyright © MENTORE’ 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 959796 www mentors.combd Page-10NEGATIVE AGREEMENT Either and neither function in simple statements much like so and too in affirmative sentences. However, either and neither are used to indicate negative agreement. The same rules for auxiliaries, be and do, does, or did apply. Negative statement + and subject + negative auxiliary or be + either Negative statement + and neither + positive auxiliary or be + subject | didn't see Mary this morning John didn't see Mary this morning. | didn’t Mary this morning, and John didn't either. | didn't see Mary this morning, and neither did John. Exercise 8: Negative Agreement 4, The children shouldnt take that medicine, and __ should she. 2. We don't plan to attend the concert, and _ do they. 3. I don't lke tennis, and he doesn't 4. She didn't see anyone she knew, and____ did Tim. 5. The Yankees couldn't play due to the bad weather, and could the Angels. Exercise 9, Correct mistakes in these sentences. We are going to the, concerty-and:so-do:they. She hasn't finished the assighmenlyét, and felther I have. am worried about it, and.also:s he. If Jane won't go to the party, ether will he. She took pictures, and.l did.so, He won't be here today, and either his sister wil Harvey seldom pays his bills on time, and his brother does too, ‘They are going to leave soon, and so do we. TAG QUESTIONS ‘Tag questions (or question tags) turn a statement into a question. They are often used for checking information that we think we know is true. Some basic rules of tag questions are given in the following chart * Sentences using tag questions should have the main clause separated from the tag by @ = _ The sentence will ALWAYS end with a question mark. = Tag questions are made using an auxiliary verb (for example: be or have) and a subject pronoun (for example: I, you, she). = Use the same auxiliary verb as in the main clause, If here is no auxiliary, use do, does, or id. > _ Ifthe main clause is negative, the tag is affirmative; ifthe main clause is affirmative, the tag is negative. ‘= Don't change the tense. > Use the same subject in the main clause and the tag, The tag must always contain the subject form of the pronoun, ‘Copyright © MENTORE’ 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, £959796 www mentors.combd Page-12Negative forms are usually contracted (n’). (If they are not, they follow the order auxiliary + subject + not: He saw this yesterday, did he not?) There is, there are, and itis forms contain a pseudo-subject so the tag will also contain there or it as it were a subject pronoun, “The verb have may be used as a main verb (| have a new car) or it may be used as an auxiliary (John has gone to class already), When it functions as a main verb in American English, the auxiliary forms do, does, or did must be used in the tag “There is one weird exception: the question tag afler lam is aren't For example: I'm in charge of the food, aren't I? In case of imperative sentences, use will you or won't you in tag questions. Positive sentences, with negative tags Present simple ‘bet ‘She's lalian, isn't she? Present simple other verbs They lve in London, don't they? Present continuous We're working tomorrow, aren't we? Past simple ‘be’ Thwas cold yesterday, wasn't it? Past simple other verbs He went fo the party last night, didn't he? Past continuous We were waiting at the station, weren't we? Present perfect ‘They've been to Japan, haven't they? Present perfect continuous ‘She's been studying a lot recently, hasn't she? Past perfect He had forgotten his wallet, hadn't he? Past perfect continuous Weid-been. working, hadn'twe? Future simple ‘Sheil comeat shy won'tshe? Future continuous ‘They'i-be arriving soon, won't they? Future perfect They ave finished before nine, won't they? Future perfect continuous, She'fhave been: cooking all day, won't she? Modals He can help, can't he? Medals John must stay, mustn't he? Negative sentences, with positive tags Present simple "be" We aren't late, are we? Present simple other verbs ‘She doesnt have any children, does she? Present continuous The bus isn't coming, Is It? Past simple "be" ‘She wasn't at home yesterday, was she? Past simple other verbs They didn’t go out last Sunday, did they? Past continuous You weren't sleeping, were you? Present perfect ‘She hasnt eaten all the cake, has she? Present perfect continuous He hasn't been running in this weather, has he? Past perfect We hadn't been fo London before, had we? Past perfect continuous ‘You hadn't been sleeping, had you? Future simple They won't be late, will they? Future continuous Hell be studying tonight, won't he? Future perfect ‘She won't have left work before six, will she? Future perfect continuous He won't have been travelling all day, will he? Modals ‘She can‘ speak Arabic, can she? Modals They mustn't come early, must they? Copyright © MeNFoR¢’ 2020-21 IBA (BBA) E ing. Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 8959796 www.mentors.combd Page-12‘SOME MORE SPECIAL CASES ‘You have to go, den"tyou? have to do sth > do Thave been answering, haven't? use first auxiliary Nothing came in the post, di “Anything, something and nothing — kt Something happened, didn't it? Nobody knows the answer, do they? Nobody, no one, someone, anyone, etc. — they Someone's at the door, aren't they? He will never come back, will he? Negative adverbs — positive auxiliary ‘They hardly ever go there, do they? Let's go, shall we? Tats © let us) — Shall we? (Shall we 99?) Hed batter do, hadn"the? he had better ( first auxiliary) You'd rather be in Hawaii, wouldn't you? There's alot to do, isn't there? There is/arelwasiwere — is there?, etc. ‘There were many people here, weren't there? You used to live here, didn't you? Used to = didn't She didn't use to lke pasta, did she? Exercise 10: Finish these sentences by adding a tag questions with the correct form of the verb and the subject pronoun, 4. Tom won't be late,_? 11, There are a lot of people here, _? 2. They were very angry, _ 42 Let's have dinner, _? 3. Ann is on holiday, _? 73. This isn't very interesting, 7 4, You weren't listening, 7 414.1'm too fat, —-? 6. Sue doesn't lke onions,_ 2 45. You! woulunt tellanyorie, “? 6. Jack's applied for the job, ? 46. Listen, 7? 7. You've got a camera,_? 117 shouldt Wave @otlahgry,)_c? 8. You can type _? 418. He won't mind if| go early, 7 40.Tom could help you, _? EMBEDDED QUESTIONS ‘An embedded question is one, which is included in a sentence or another question. The word order is. not that of typical questions, except for subject questions. Study the following rule. Subject + verb (phrase) + question word + subject + verb NOTE: There must not auxiliary between the question word and the subject in an embedded question. Question: Where will the meeting take place? Embedded question: We haven't ascertained where the meeting will take place. Q-word Subject Verb phrase Question: Why did the plane land at the wrong airport? Embedded question: The authority doesn't know why the plane landed at the wrong airport Qword Subject Verb phrase The following rule applies if the embedded question is embedded in another question. auxiliary + subject + verb + question word + subject + verb ‘Copyright © MENTORE’ 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 959796 www mentors.combd Page-13,Do you know where he went? Could you tell me what time it is? NOTE: There is no change in the order of subject position questions because the question word is functioning as the subject, Who will paint that picture? They can't decide who will paint that picture. Whose car is parked in the lot? The police can't determine whose car is parked in the lot. Exercise 11, Make a new sentence from these questions. 1. Where has Robb gone? — Do you know __? 2. Where is the post office? — Could you tell me _? 3. What does this word mean? — Do you know __? 4, What's the time? — 1 wonder _ 5 6 7. 8 Where did you park your car? — Can't you remember _? Is Ann coming to the meeting? — 1 don't know __. Where does Jack live? — Have you any idea__? What time did he leave? — Do you know __? 9, Where can | change some money? — Could you tell me _? 10. What qualifications do | need? — 1 want to know __ 11, Why didn't Tom come to the party? — 1 don't know __. 12. How much does it cost to park here? — Do you know _‘ Exercise 12. Define whether the Sentenées até CORRECTI(G) oF INCORRECT (I). Correct mistakes. 1. Iwill ask how much do,they sell for 2. Did the professor tell youwhen is the text test? 3. Iwonder when itis gaing to-begin. 4. Forget about where we-are:going to play.tennis.as:itis starting to rain: 5. Did you see what did he do? EXPERT ADVICE You are far along in the course already to start exploring the actual exam questions. It is ‘essential that you familiarize yourself with the question papers and build up your exam technique. Time management, judgement of which questions to attempt and which to skip, working under pressure- these are but a fow things you need to do almost automatically as you solve questions in the actual exam, These skills are honed through practice. Attempt a paper and use it as a diagnostic assessment to figure out what you need to work on. Do not fall into the trap of waiting until your preparation is ,,complete" to attempt papers. This kind of perfectionistic approach only piles up work for later on in the admission season when you will have a lot more to do and worry about. Attempting the papers and working through them IS PART OF YOUR PREPARATION. It is not something that you do at the end of it. In addition, if you find yourself doing poorly on difficult papers, tests and material, do not get disheartened. You will get better as long as you keep working and practicing. But you do need to keep practicing. Good luck, ‘Copyright © MENTORE’ 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 959796 www mentors.combd Page-1éPREFIX pro- The prefix pro- means -ferward.” Examples Meanings The man’s body was propelled through the air by the force of the explosion. The man’s body was driven forward through the air by the force of the explosion, The boys are progressing slowly on thelr bike ride through the state. The Boys are moving forward slowly on their Bike ride through the state. The Dean says that Professor Borglum is entitled toa promotion. The Dean says that Professor Borglum Is entiled to be moved forward (advanced). re The prefix re- means -again’ Examples Meanings The paramedics revived the surfer after pulling him from the rough water. The paramedics made the surfer alive again (brought him back to life) after pulling him from the rough water. Her retort was devastating, Her sharp answer back (reply) was devastating. Gary has not completely recovered from his injuries. Gary has not completely become well again (been rehabilitated) from his injuries. These materials can be reeyeled. “These materials can be processed again (reprocessed). She reverted to her previousjatitude ‘She went baok [relurned) to her previous alitude retro- Retro- means -backward” or“back.* Examples, This statute is intended to apply retroactively. This statute is intended to apply backward in time. In retrospect, | probably should've asked for a jury trial Looking back to the past, | probably should've asked for a jury trial The range of mation in retrofiexion has improved. The range of mation in bending backward has improved, sub- ‘The prefix sub- means -under.” Examples, Meanings The town council decided to bulld a subterranean hurricane shelter. The town decided to build an underground hurricane shelter. The submarine rose suddenly to the surface, The vessel that travels underwater rose suddenly to the surface, He needs to improve the way he treats subordinates. He needs to improve the way he treats people whose positions are under his position. Without the landlord's permission, a sublease is not permitted by your agreement, Without the landlord's permission, alease under another lease is not permitted by your agreement. Copyright combd Page-15 MENTORS’ 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-5 Dial: 9131878, 9348059, 8959796 www.mentorSUFFIX Adverb Endings The suffix -ly added to an adjective usually forms an adverb. For example, intelligent plus -ly equals intelligently. Other examples of adverbs formed this way include absolutely, independently, delightfully, politely, greatly, silently, nicely, centrally, resolutely, falsely, brightly, meaningfully, definitely, and randomly, Note: There are some exceptions to this rule. Hard and fast can be used as both adjectives and adverbs, while hardly is an adverb that means -barely.” Both friendly and lively look like they should be adverbs, but they are actually adjectives. PART - III: TAKE-HOME EXERCISE Decide whether to use an adjective or an adverb in each ofthe following sentences. Martha performed (good/well) on the exam The car moves (quick/quickly). The ground was (firm/firmly) after the night's frost. Abir scored the test (accurate/accurately) The winner ofthe contest is certainly (beautiulbeautifuly) My new car runs so (smooth/smoothly). The color of my house is (brightbrightly) yellow. That old computer runs so (slow/slowly), 9. Aer going to the dance; Mary was-(realeall) tre: 10, That meal was (deligious/deliciously). 11. Floods cause millions of dollars worth of property damage (annual/annually) 42, Writer Emest Hemingway.is known for his (simple/simply) language and his lively dialogue. 18. Skyscrapers developed (simultaneous/simultaneously) im Chicagovand New York City 14, The endocrine system functions in.(close/closely) relationship with.the nervous system. 48. Mushrooms are found in an (incredible/incredibly) range of sizes, colors and shapes. 46. Opera singer Maria Callas was known for her (intense/intensely) powerful voice. In the following sentences choose the correct form in parentheses. It's not (enough warm/warm enough) to sit in the garden. Thaven't got (enough money/money enough) to go on holiday this year. He doesn't speak (English enough/enough English) to make himself understood. This coat is not (enough warmiwarm enough) for me to wear in winter. That chair isnt (strong enough/enough strong) for you to stand on This bed is not (enough widelwide enough) for two people to sleep in | don't have (enough timertime enough) to doit He didn't run (fast enough/enough fast). 9. Is this coffee (enough strongistrong enough) for you? 10. He is not (old enoughienough old) to get a driver's license. 11, Dowe have (enough drinks/drinks enough) for the party? 12. The director thought the man was not (heavy enough/enough heavy) forthe role. 13. There were not (enough people/people enough) to form a dance group. 14. Are there (chairs enough/enough chairs) in the room? 1e whether the sentences are CORRECT (C) or INCORRECT (\). Correct mistakes. 1. He senta telegram saying when he would arrive. | forgot to ask him what time does the class begin. Copyright © MewroR¢’ 2070-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9348058, 8959796 www.mentors.combd Page-16Bill did not realize what time it was when I knocked on the door, Can you tell us who that distinguished-looking gentleman is? ‘Ask Mr. Blake what does his daughter study at the university Can you be sure where will he be this Friday afternoon? ‘We should find out how hot is it in the summer before we decide to vacation there. Can anyone explain why he had that terrible attitude? ‘We never found the village where were bom our parents. 10. She does not know who did paint that beautiful mural Vocabulary Section LIST OF VOCABULARY - 5 dupe N. someone easily fooled. While the gullible Watson often was made a dupe by unscrupulous parties, Sherlock Holmes was far more difficult to fool, also V. duplicity N. double-dealing; hypocrisy. When Tanya leamed that Mark had been two-timing her, she was furious at his duplicity. ebullient ADJ. showing _excitement; overflowing with enthusiasm. Amy's ebullient nature could not be repressed; she was always bubbling over with excitement ebullianc6,.N. ‘eclectic ADJ. composed of elements drawn, from disparate sources. His style of interior decoration was eclectic: bile and piéces of furnishings from widely divergent periods, strikingly juxtaposed to create a unique decor. eclecticism, N. edify V. instruct; correct morally. Although his Purpose was to edify and not to entertain his audience, many of his listeners were amused rather than enlightened. effectual ADJ. able to produce a desired effect, valid. Medical researchers are concerned because of the development of drug-resistant strains of bacteria; many once Useful antibiotics are no longer effectualin curing bacterial infections, effervescence N. inner excitement or ‘exuberance; bubbling from fermentation or carbonation. Nothing depressed Sue for long; her natural effervescence soon reasserted itself, Soda that loses its effervescence goes flat. effervescent, ADJ. effervesce, V. egotistical ADJ. excessively self-centered: selfimportant; conceited, Typical egotistical remark: -But enough of this chit-chat about you and your litle problems. Let's talk about what's really important: Me!" elated ADJ. overjoyed: in high spirits. Grinning from ear to ear, Bonnie Blair was clearly elated by her fifth Olympic gold medal. elation, N BlSGY NOW BSEAN, or song expressing lamentation. On the death of Edward King, Milteri"composed "the elegy Lycidas.” elegiac, ADS ixit-N\ cure-all; Something invigorating. The ews Of her chanés to go abroad acted on her like an elixir. eloquence N. expressiveness; persuasive speech. The crowds were stirred by Martin Luther King's eloquence. eloquent, ADJ. elucidate V. explain; enlighten. He was called pon to elucidate the disputed points in his article. elusive ADJ. evasive; baffling; hard to grasp. Trying to pin down exactly when the contractors would be finished remodeling the house, Nancy was frustrated by their elusive replies. olude, V. emaciated ADJ. thin and wasted. Many severe illnesses leave their victims so emaciated that they must gain back their lost ‘weight before they can fully recover. ‘embellish V. adorn; ornament. The costume designer embellished the leading lady's ball gown with yards and yards of ribbon and lace. (Copyright © MewroR¢’ 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 8959796 www mento combd Page-17‘emend V. correct; correct by a critic. The critic ‘emended the book by selecting the passages which he thought most appropriate to the text. emulate V. imitate; rival. In a brief essay, describe a person you admire, someone whose virtues you would like to emulate. ‘endorse V. approve; support. Everyone waited to see which one of the rival candidates for the city council the mayor would endorse. (secondary meaning) endorsement, N. ‘enigma N. puzzle; mystery. -What do women want?" asked Dr. Sigmund Freud. Their behavior was an enigma to him ‘ephemeral ADJ. shortived; fleeting. The mayfly is an ephemeral creature: its adult life lasts litte more than a day. ‘equanimity _N. calmness of temperament; composure. Even the inevitable strains of caring for an ailing mother did not disturb Bea's equanimity. ‘equitable ADJ. fair; impartal.|.am.seeking.an, ‘equitable solution to this dispute; one that,will be fair and acceptable to both sides. equity N. faimess; justice? Our courts guarantee equity to all equivocal ADJ. ambiguous;==Intentionally misleading. Rejecting the candidate's ‘equivocal comments on tax reform, the reporters pressed him to state clearly where he stood on the issue. equivocate, V. erroneous ADJ, mistaken; wrong. 1 thought my answer was correct, but it was erroneous. erudite ADJ. learned; scholarly. Unlike much scholarly writing, Huizinga's prose was entertaining as well as erudite, ively as well as learned. ‘esoteric ADJ, hard to understand; known only to the chosen few. The New Yorker short stories often include esoteric allusions to ‘obscure people and events: the implication is, if you are in the in-crowd, you'll get the reference; if you come from Cleveland, you won't ‘eulogy N. expression of praise, often on the ‘occasion of someone's death. Instead of delivering a spoken eulogy at Genny's memorial service, Jeff sang a song he had written in her honor. ‘euphemism N. mild expression in place of an unpleasant one. The expression -Re passed away’ is a euphemism for -he died. euphonious ADJ. pleasing in sound. Euphonious even when spoken, the Italian language is particularly pleasing to the ear when sung. euphony. N. ‘exacerbate V. worsen; embitter. The latest bombing exacerbated England's already existing bitterness against the IRA, causing the prime minister to break off the peace taks abruptly. ‘exalt V. raise in rank or dignity; praise. The actor Alec Guinness was exalted to the rank of knighthood by the queen. excerpt N. selected passage (written or musical). The cinematic equivalent of an excerpt from a novel is a clip from a film. also v. exhaustive: /ADJ.. thorough; comprehensive. We_have made..an exhaustive study of all published SAT tests and are happy to share ‘our research with you, exhilarating...ADJ: invigorating and refreshing; cheering. Though some of the hikers found tramping through the snow tring, Jeffrey found the walk on the cold, crisp day exhilarating, ‘exonerate V. acquit; exculpate. The defense team feverishly sought fresh evidence that might exonerate their client. exorbitant ADJ. excessive. The people ‘grumbled at his exorbitant prices but paid them because he had a monopoly. ‘expedient ADJ. suitable; practical; politic. A pragmatic politician, he was guided by what was expedient rather than by what was ethical expediency, N. ‘expedite V. hasten, Because we are on a tight schedule, we hope you will be able to expedite the delivery of our order. The more expeditious your response is, the happier we'll be. ‘explicit ADU. totally clear; definite; outspoken. Don't just hint around that you're dissatisfied: be explicit about what's bugging you (Copyright © MewroR¢’ 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 8959796 www mento combd Page-18exploit V. make use of, sometimes unjustly. Cesar Chavez fought attempts to exploit migrant farmworkers in California, exploitation, N. exploitative, ADJ. ‘extol V. praise; glorify. The president extolled the astronauts, calling them the pioneers of the Space Age. extraneous ADJ. not essential; superfluous. No wonder Ted can't think straight! His mind is so cluttered up with extraneous trivia, he can’t concentrate on the essentials. extricate V. free; disentangle. Icebreakers were needed to extricate the trapped whales from the icy floes that closed them in, ‘exuberance N. overflowing abundance; joyful fallacious ADJ, —false;_—misleading, Paradoxically, fallacious reasoning does not always yield erroneous results: even though your logic may be faulty, the answer you get may nevertheless be correct, fallacy, N fallow ADJ. plowed but not sowed; uncultivated. Farmers have learned that it is advisable to permit land to lie fallow every few years. falter V. hesitate. When told to dive off the high board, she did not falter, but proceeded at once, fanaticism N. excessive zeal; extreme devotion to a belief or cause, When Islamic fundamentalists demanded the death of ‘enthusiasm; flamboyance; lavishness. 1 was bowled over by the exuberance of Amy's welcome. What an enthusiastic greeting! ‘Salman Rushdie because his novel questioned their faith, world opinion condemned them for their fanaticism, LIST OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS - 5 "Odds and ends = Onedge = Onend = Onhand * Onneedies and pins = Onone’s own = On second thought = Onthe go On the tip of one's tongue = On the whole = Out of (something) = Outof one's mind = Play it safe = Point out = Apretty penny = Pull one’s leg = Push one's luck = Put aside = Put away = Put off = Puton = Put together = Put up with = Right away = Ring a bell (with) = Rough it ‘Small, miséélianeous tems Nervous Consecutively, without break Easily available Nervotis; anxious Independent After reconsidering ‘Always busy; always moving Almost able to remember In general Not having something Insane; illogical; irrational Choose a cautious plan Indicate Alot of money Joke with someone; make up a story ‘To continue doing something; to keep taking chances Save for later; set aside Return something to its proper place Delay; postpone Begin to wear Assemble Tolerate Immediately ‘Sound familiar to Experience somewhat difficult or primitive conditions (Copyright © MewroR¢’ 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 8959796 www mento combd Page-13* Rule out = Runa temperature * Run for office * Runinto * Runlate + Run out of "Save one's breath "Search me + See (someone) off * Sesto * Serve one right * Short for * Show around + Show off = Show up * Shut down * Sign up (For) * Sing another tune " Size up = Sleep on it + Slowly but surely + Snowed under * So far, so good + Snowed under * So far, so good * Sooner or later ‘Say something is impossible; eliminate Have a fever Try to get elected (1) meet unexpectedly; bump into; (2) collide with Be late; be in a hurry Exhaust the supply of Don't bother asking someone | don't know; | have no idea; beats me ‘Accompany (to an airport or train station, for example) ‘Take care of; check on; fix Receive the proper punishment; get the penalty one deserves Anickname for Orient; give a tour Try to attract attention by unusual behavior Arrive Close Enroll (for a class, for example) ‘Change one’s opinion; feel differently Measure; estimate Postpone a decision until the next day Gradually; steadily but not quickly Very busy. Up untitnnow, there-areing problems Very-busy Up until now, there are rio problems At some indefinite future time, (Copyright © MewroR¢’ 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-5 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 8959796 www mento comb Page-20