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LAB - Physical and Chemical Changes

This lab experiment aims to distinguish between physical and chemical changes. A physical change involves no new substances being formed, such as a change in state from liquid to solid. A chemical change produces new substances, as evidenced by changes in color, odor, temperature or bubbles. The experiment involves mixing various substances like barium chloride solution and potassium sulfate solution. Parts 1, 3 and 4 demonstrate physical changes as the substances change state but remain the same chemically. Parts 2 and 5 show chemical changes as new substances form, seen through changes in color and bubbles. This lab allows distinguishing physical and chemical changes through observing evidence like new substances, color changes and gas production.

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victoria gagro
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260 views4 pages

LAB - Physical and Chemical Changes

This lab experiment aims to distinguish between physical and chemical changes. A physical change involves no new substances being formed, such as a change in state from liquid to solid. A chemical change produces new substances, as evidenced by changes in color, odor, temperature or bubbles. The experiment involves mixing various substances like barium chloride solution and potassium sulfate solution. Parts 1, 3 and 4 demonstrate physical changes as the substances change state but remain the same chemically. Parts 2 and 5 show chemical changes as new substances form, seen through changes in color and bubbles. This lab allows distinguishing physical and chemical changes through observing evidence like new substances, color changes and gas production.

Uploaded by

victoria gagro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAB:

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Thinking: /11 Communication: /14

PURPOSE

The purpose of this lab is to determine how one can distinguish between chemical and
physical changes.

PRE-LAB QUESTIONS [Communication: 3 marks]

1. What is a physical change? Give an example.


A physical change describes one where a substance itself remains unchanged.No
new substances are made.Changes in size and change in
stateExample,melting,freezing

2. What is a chemical change? Give an example.


A chemical change ,is a change in the starting substance,resulting in the production
of one or more substance.Origanal substance are rearranged into smth
new.Example,burning wood,making a cake

3. What are the five pieces of evidence that a chemical change has occurred?
● Colour
● odour/smell
● New solid(precipitate)
● Temperature
● Bubbles form production of gas

HYPOTHESIS

Write a hypothesis about the way in which one can distinguish between chemical and
physical changes. [Note: Use the following format to write your hypothesis:
“If…then…because”] [Thinking: 2 marks]
If the change in the starting substance results in the production of one or more
substance then it is a chemical change.If the substance itself remains unchanged
then it is a physical change.

MATERIALS/PROCEDURE

Apparatus Materials

Test tubes Barium chloride (BaCl2)


Rubber stopper Potassium sulfate solution (Na2CO4)
Test tube rack Copper (II) sulfate crystals (CuSO4)
Scoopula Distilled water (H2O)
Tongs Steel Wool (Fe)
Eye dropper Vinegar
Watch glass Zinc (Zn)
Hot plate

Part 1:
1. Observe and record the physical properties of barium chloride solution potassium sulfate solution
before they are mixed.
2. Observe and record what happens after a few drops of each substance are mixed in a test tube.
3. Dispose of the materials as directed by your teacher.

Part 2:
1. Pour about 5 mL of distilled water into a clean, dry test tube. Record your observations.
2. Using a scoopula, obtain a few crystals of copper (II) sulfate. Record your observations.
3. Add the copper (II) sulfate crystals to the water, place a stopper in the test tube, and gently shake the
test tube. Record your observations.
4. Save the test tube and the liquid in it for Parts 3 and 4 of this investigation.

Part 3:
1. Use an eyedropper to place two drops of the liquid from Part 2 onto the watch glass. Record your
observations.
2. Place the watch glass onto the hot plate. Heat it gently BUT do not overheat - stop heating as soon as
you notice a dry product. Record your observations. [CAUTION: Keep your face away from the liquid
as it will spill as it dries.]
3. Wash the watch glass when it cools.
Part 4:
1. Examine the test tube and liquid from Part 2. Record your observations.
2. Examine the steel wool, and record your observations. Using the tongs, pick up a piece of steel wool
small enough to fit in the test tube.
3. Add the steel wool to the liquid in the test tube. Record observations.
4. Dispose of the materials as directed by your teacher.
Part 5:
1. Pour 4 to 5 mL of vinegar into a clean, dry test tube. Record your observations.
2. Obtain a small piece of zinc. Record your observations.
3. Carefully add the zinc to the vinegar. Record observations.
4. Dispose of the materials as directed by your teacher.

OBSERVATIONS

Table 1: Qualitative observations before, during, and after physical and chemical
changes have taken place. [Communication: 14 marks]

Part Physical Properties of Starting Changes During and/or After Mixing


of Lab Substance(s) Starting Substances Together
(state, colour, etc.)

1 Barium chloride solution: Liquid turned white,slowly turned


cloudy white
Clear,somewhat translucent,its a
liquid,cloudy

Potassium sulfate solution:

Clear,somewhat translucent,its a
liquid,cloudy

2 Copper (II) sulfate crystals: Clear,liquid,blue,crystals dissolved,light


can pass through
Solid,in crystal form

Distilled water:

clear,liquid

3 Copper (II) sulfate solution: Dissolved,solid form,back to crystal


form,light blue and white,powder form
Clear blue liquid

4 Copper (II) sulfate solution: The colour is more brown of the steel
wool
Clear blue liquid

Steel wool:

solid,grey,fluffy,stringy,thin

5 Vinegar: Slowly getting


foggy,fizzing,bubbling,bubbles coming
Clear ,looks like water
Magnesium off the magnesium,you can hear it
fizz,foam at the top
solid,siliver

DISCUSSION/QUESTIONS:
[Thinking: 6 marks]
1. Which part(s) of the lab demonstrated a physical change? What evidence
supports your inference?
2-it only changed in its state,no new substances were formed
3-no new substances were formed,it only changed from a liquid to a solid

2. Which part(s) of the lab demonstrated a chemical change? What evidence


supports your inference?
5-The colour changed and bubbles were formed
1-the colour changed
4-the colour of the steel wool changed

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