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PARRY

PARRY was an early chatbot created in 1972 by psychiatrist Kenneth Colby to simulate a person with paranoid schizophrenia. It implemented a crude model of the behaviors and beliefs of someone with that condition. In tests, experienced psychiatrists could only identify whether responses came from PARRY or real patients about 48% of the time, which is consistent with random guessing. PARRY had conversations with ELIZA and was able to pass a basic version of the Turing Test.

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150 views2 pages

PARRY

PARRY was an early chatbot created in 1972 by psychiatrist Kenneth Colby to simulate a person with paranoid schizophrenia. It implemented a crude model of the behaviors and beliefs of someone with that condition. In tests, experienced psychiatrists could only identify whether responses came from PARRY or real patients about 48% of the time, which is consistent with random guessing. PARRY had conversations with ELIZA and was able to pass a basic version of the Turing Test.

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sophia787
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PARRY

PARRY was an early example of a chatbot, implemented in 1972 by psychiatrist Kenneth Colby.

History
PARRY was written in 1972 by psychiatrist Kenneth Colby, then at Stanford University.[1] While ELIZA
was a tongue-in-cheek simulation of a Rogerian therapist, PARRY attempted to simulate a person with
paranoid schizophrenia.[1] The program implemented a crude model of the behavior of a person with
paranoid schizophrenia based on concepts, conceptualizations, and beliefs (judgements about
conceptualizations: accept, reject, neutral). It also embodied a conversational strategy, and as such was a
much more serious and advanced program than ELIZA. It was described as "ELIZA with attitude".[2]

PARRY was tested in the early 1970s using a variation of the Turing Test. A group of experienced
psychiatrists analysed a combination of real patients and computers running PARRY through teleprinters.
Another group of 33 psychiatrists were shown transcripts of the conversations. The two groups were then
asked to identify which of the "patients" were human and which were computer programs.[3] The
psychiatrists were able to make the correct identification only 48 percent of the time — a figure consistent
with random guessing.[4]

PARRY and ELIZA (also known as "the Doctor"[5]) interacted several times.[1][6][7] The most famous of
these exchanges occurred at the ICCC 1972, where PARRY and ELIZA were hooked up over ARPANET
and responded to each other.[7]

See also
History of natural language processing

Notes and references


1. Güven Güzeldere; Stefano Franchi (1995-07-24). "dialogues with colorful personalities of
early ai" (http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/4-2/text/dialogues.html). Stanford Humanities
Review, SEHR, volume 4, issue 2: Constructions of the Mind. Stanford University. Retrieved
2008-02-17.
2. Boden 2006, p. 370.
3. Colby et al. 1972, p. 220.
4. Saygin; Cicekli; Akman (2000), "Turing Test: 50 years later" (http://sayginlab.ucsd.edu/files/2
015/01/MMTT.pdf) (PDF), Minds and Machines, 10 (4): 463–518,
doi:10.1023/A:1011288000451 (https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1011288000451),
hdl:11693/24987 (https://hdl.handle.net/11693%2F24987), S2CID 990084 (https://api.seman
ticscholar.org/CorpusID:990084)
5. Alan J. Sondheim. "<nettime> Important Documents from the Early Internet (1972)" (https://w
eb.archive.org/web/20080613072047/http://www.nettime.org/Lists-Archives/nettime-l-9707/
msg00059.html). nettime.org. Archived from the original (http://www.nettime.org/Lists-Archive
s/nettime-l-9707/msg00059.html) on 2008-06-13. Retrieved 2008-02-18. – transcript of the
1972 document shows programs DOCTOR (an eliza-type program) at Bolt Beranek and
Newman and PARRY at Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
6. V. Cerf (21 January 1972). PARRY encounters the DOCTOR (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/
html/rfc439). IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC0439 (https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC0439). RFC
439 (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc439). – Transcript of a session between Parry and
Eliza. (This is not the dialogue from the ICCC, which took place October 24–26, 1972,
whereas this session is from September 18, 1972.)
7. "Computer History Museum – Exhibits – Internet History – 1970's" (http://www.computerhisto
ry.org/internet_history/internet_history_70s.html). Computer History Museum. Retrieved
2008-02-18.

External links
Parry's Source Code (http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/areas/classics/
parry/) The original LISP code for Parry.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PARRY&oldid=1154866448"

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