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Cumulative Frequency

The document provides information about cumulative frequency, including how to calculate it by adding frequencies, how to construct a cumulative frequency graph or ogive, and how to determine the median, quartiles, interquartile range, and percentiles from a cumulative frequency distribution. It then provides 6 examples involving constructing cumulative frequency tables and graphs from data and using them to estimate values like the median, quartiles, and probabilities.

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1K views6 pages

Cumulative Frequency

The document provides information about cumulative frequency, including how to calculate it by adding frequencies, how to construct a cumulative frequency graph or ogive, and how to determine the median, quartiles, interquartile range, and percentiles from a cumulative frequency distribution. It then provides 6 examples involving constructing cumulative frequency tables and graphs from data and using them to estimate values like the median, quartiles, and probabilities.

Uploaded by

melissa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY

The cumulative frequency is obtained by adding each frequency in the table, to the cumulative frequency in the
row above it.

Cumulative Frequency Graph (Ogive)


A cumulative frequency graph, also known as an Ogive, is a curve showing the cumulative frequency for a given set
of data.

To make a cumulative frequency graph, you need to plot:


Cumulative frequency on the yaxis Upper class boundaries on the x axis

The range
The range = the upper boundary of the largest event – the lower boundary of the smallest event

Percentiles
A percentile is a certain percentage of a set of data. Percentiles are used to observe how many of a given set of
data fall within a certain percentage range; for example; a thirtieth percentile indicates data that lies at the 30%
mark of the entire data set.

Quartiles
-Q 1 (the lower quartile) is the value at 25% of the data set
-Q 2 (the middle quartile or median) is the value at 50% of the data set
-Q 3 (the upper quartile) is the value at 75% of the data set

Interquartile Range
The interquartile range is the difference between the upper and lower
quartiles. That is, interquartile range = Q3 – Q1

Semi-Interquartile Range
Q3 – Q1
The semi-interquartile range of a distribution is half the interquartile range.
2

1) The diagram shows the cumulative frequency curve


of the mark that 200 students obtained on a test
Determine the following:
a) the median
b) the lower quartile
c) the upper quartile
d) the interquartile range
e) the semi-interquartile range
f) If 38% of the students passed the test, what was
the pass mark?
1) Jan 2023
The cumulative frequency curve shows information about the times taken by 200 students to solve a
Mathematics Olympiad problem.

a) Using the cumulative frequency curve shown, find an estimate for


i) the number of students who took more than 50 minutes to solve the problem [1]
ii) the median time taken to solve the problem [1]
iii) the probability that a student chosen at random took at most 28 minutes to solve the problem [2]

b) i) Using the cumulative frequency curve, complete the table below. [3]

ii) use the information in the completed table to calculate an estimate of the average time taken by the
students to solve the problem. [2]
3) The table below shows how the minutes taken by all students to complete a science experiment were recorded
and grouped.

Time (minutes) No. of Students who Cumulative Frequency


Completed (Frequency)

1–5 1 1
Jan 2016
6 – 10 2 3

11 – 15 5

16 – 20 7

21 – 25 10

26 – 30 15

31 – 35 8

36 – 40 2

(a) Complete the cumulative frequency column in the table. [2]


(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 5 minutes on the x-axis and 2 cm to represent 5 students on they-axis, draw a
cumulative frequency curve to represent the information in the table. [5]
Using the graph, estimate
(c) (i) the median time taken to complete the experiment [2]
(ii) the probability that a student, chosen at random, took 30 minutes or less to complete the experiment. [2]

Show on your graph, using broken lines, how these estimates were obtained.
4) The table below shows the ages, to the nearest year, of the persons who visited the clinic during a particular
week.
Age (years) Number of Persons Cumulative Frequency

40 - 49 4 4

50 - 59 11 15
June 2012
60 - 69 20

70 - 79 12

80 - 89 3 50

a) Copy and complete the table to show the cumulative frequency. [2]
b) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 10 years on the x axis, and 1cm to represent 5 persons on the y axis, draw
the cumulative frequency curve for the data. [5]
c) Use your graph to estimate
(i) the median age for the data [2]
(ii) the probability that a person who visited the clinic was 75 years or younger. [2]
Draw lines on your graph to show how these estimates were obtained.
5) Jan 2020

A group of 100 students estimated the mass, m (grams), of a seed. The cumulative frequency curve shows the
results.

(a) Using the cumulative frequency curve,


estimate the
i) median [1]
ii) upper quartile [1]
iii) semi interquartile range [2]
iv) number of students whose estimate
is 2.8 grams or less. [1]
(b) i) Use the cumulative frequency curve to
complete the frequency table below. [2]

Mass of Seed, m Frequency


(grams)

0<𝑚≤2 20

2<𝑚≤4

4<𝑚≤6

6<𝑚≤8 6

8 < 𝑚 ≤ 10 1

ii) A student is chosen at random.


Find the probability that the student
estimated the mass to be greater than 6
grams. [2]
6) The table below shows the time, to the nearest minute, that 80 students waited to be served at a school’s
canteen.

Waiting Time No. of Students Cumulative Frequency


(minutes)

1–5 4 4
June 2009
6 – 10 7 11
11 – 15 11 22
16 – 20 18
21 – 25 22
26 – 30 10
31 – 35 5
36 – 40 3

a) Copy and complete the table showing the cumulative frequency. [2]
b) Use the values from your table to draw a cumulative frequency curve. [4]
c) Use your graph to estimate
(i) the median for the data [2]
(ii) the number of students who waited for no more than 29 minutes [2]
iii) the probability that a student, chosen at random from the group, waited for no more than 17 minutes [2]

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