Workbook 2: Unit 4: Sets and Unit 5: Angles

Name:
Unit 4: Review of sets
Review 1: Notation and description of sets
i) Set is a collection of well-defined members or objects. For example, if we have a collection A of odd
numbers less than 10, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 are objects of the set A. A set is denoted by a capital letter such
as A, B, C, X, etc. and each object are called “member” or “element” of the set. In the same example,
we can describe the set A in various ways such as, A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} (standard notation), A = {odd
numbers less than 10} or A= {𝑥: 𝑥 < 10 where 𝑥 is an odd number} (it is called set builder notation)
e.g., Describe the following sets using standard notation and set builder notation.
i) Set B of even numbers less than 10. ii) Set C of integers between -3 and 2
B= {0, 2, 4, 6, 8} or C = {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2}
B={ 𝑥: 𝑥 < 10 where 𝑥 is an even number} C = {𝑥: −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2}

ii) When an object belongs to a set, we can use the symbol ∈ and for an object doesn’t belong to a set,
we can use ∉. When we have a set A that has 5 members, it is denoted as 𝑛(𝐴) =5.
e.g., Given set A, A = {1, 3, 5}, write ∈ or ∉ in the following statements and denote the number of
members.
i) 3 A ii) 4 A iii) 0 A, iv) number of members of set A
3 ∈ A 4 ∉ A 0 ∉ A 𝑛(𝐴)=3
Exercises for review 1: (5 minutes)
1. Describe the following sets using standard notation and set builder notation.
i) Set D of integers between -5 and 3 ii) Set E of multiples of 10 less than 100
iii) Set F of vowels of English iv) Set G of factors of 12
2. Given Y = {2, 4, 6, 8}, write ∈ or ∉ in the following statements and denote the number of members.
i) 3 Y ii) 4 Y iii) 0 Y iv) 10 Y, iv) number of members of set Y

Review 2: Listing of the members of a set

e.g., List all the members of the following sets and find the number of members.
i) A= { 𝑥: 𝑥 < 10 where 𝑥 is a whole number} ii) B= { 𝑥: −3 ≤ 𝑥 < 5 where 𝑥 is an integer}
A= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} 𝑛(𝐴)=10 B= {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}, 𝑛(𝐵)=8

Exercises for review 2: (9 minutes)

List all the members of the following sets and find the number of members.
i) A= { 𝑥: 𝑥 < 5 where 𝑥 is a whole number} ii) B= { 𝑥: −2 ≤ 𝑥 < 4 where 𝑥 is an integer}

iii) C= { 𝑥: 𝑥 ≤ 12 where 𝑥 is an even number} iv) D= { 𝑥: −5 < 𝑥 ≤ 2 where 𝑥 is an integer}

v) E={ 𝑥: 𝑥 ≤ 2, where 𝑥 is a natural number} vi) F={ 𝑥: 𝑥 ≤ 5, where 𝑥 is a prime number}

Review 3: Types of set
i) We can classify sets by the number of members as follows:
If a set has a limited number of members, it is called finite set.
If a set has an infinite number of members, it is called infinite set.
If a set has only one member, it is called unit set.
If a set A doesn’t have any members, it is called null set or empty set and denoted as A=𝜙 or A = { }
If the set has all the members of the collection, it is called universal set and denoted by U.
e.g.
1. Classify the following sets into finite or infinite set.
i) Set A of multiple of 2 ii) Set B of factors of 100 iii) Set C of natural numbers
Set A is an infinite set, Set B is a finite set, Set C is an infinite set

2. Classify the following sets into unit set or empty set.

i) Set D of multiple of 10 less than 10 ii) Set E of multiple of 99 less than 100
iii) Set F of numbers that are multiple of 2 and odd number at the same time
Set D is an empty set, Set E is a unite set, Set F is an empty set
Exercises for review 3: (5 minutes)
1. Classify the following sets into finite or infinite set.
i) Set A of factors of 10 ii) Set B of integers iii) Set C of whole numbers
iv) Set D of letter of English v) Set E of all the languages used in Ghana

2. Classify the following sets into unit set or empty set.

i) Set F of months that have less than 30 days
ii) Set G of numbers that are prime number and even number at the same time
iii) Set H of Ghanian football player who got Ballon d'Or

Review 4: Subsets
i) When all the members of a set A belong to a set B and set B has more members, then the Set A is a
subset of the set B, and it is written by using ⊂ or ⊃ as A⊂B or B⊃ 𝐴 (A is subset of set B)
e.g. Identify if one of the following pair of sets is the subset of another one and write using ⊂ or ⊃.
i) A = {1,2,3}, B= {1,2,3,4,5} ii) C= {2,4,6,8,10}, D={2,4,6}
A⊂B (or B ⊃A) D⊂C (or C ⊃D)
Exercises for review 4: (2 minutes)
Identify if one of the following pair of sets is the subset of another one and write using ⊂ or ⊃.
i) A = {2,4,6}, B= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} ii) C= {1,3,5}, D={1,2,3,4,5,6}
iii) E= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}, F= {1,2,3,6} iv) G={2,4,6,8,10}, H={10}

Review 5: Number of subsets of a set

i) We can know how many subsets a set can have by using number of members(e): number of subsets
= 2e. For example, a set A = {1,2,3} has 3 members so the number of subsets is 23=2 x 2 x 2 = 8.
If we list all the subsets of the set A, we can have {1}, {2}, {3}, {1,2}, {1,3}, {2,3}, {1,2,3}, { } we have 8
subsets. The empty set and the set itself are always the subset of the set.
e.g., Write the number of subsets and all the subsets of the following sets.
i) B= {0,1} ii) C={2,4,6}
22=2 x 2 = 4, 4 subsets, 23=2 x 2 x 2 = 8, 8 subsets,
{0}, {1}, {0,1}, { } {2}, {4}, {6}, {2,4}, {2,6}, {4,6}, {2,4,6}, { }
Exercises for review 5: (3 minutes)
1. Write the number of subsets and all the subsets of the following sets.
i) D= {3,6} ii) E={0,2,4}
Review 6: Equal and equivalent sets
If two or more sets have exactly the same members, they are equal. If two or more sets have the same
number of members, they are equivalent.
e.g., Identify which sets are equal and which ones are equivalent.
i) A= {1,3,5}, B={2,4,6} ii) C={1,3,5,7,9}, D{1,3,5,7,9}
Equivalent Equal
Exercises for review 6: (1 minute)
1. Identify which sets are equal and which ones are equivalent.
i) A= {0,1,2,3}, B={0,1,2,3} ii) C={-2, -1, 0, 1, 2}, D{2,1,0,-1,-2}

Review 7: Intersection of sets

i) The Intersection of two (or more) sets contains all the common members between these sets.
Intersection of sets is denoted by using the symbol ∩ for example the intersection of set A and B is
denoted by A ∩ B that means A intersection B.
i) If A= {1,2,3,4,5} and B={2,4, 6}, find A ∩ B ii) If C={2,4,6,8} and D={1,3,5,7}, find C ∩ D
As intersection contains the common members, As intersection contains the common members,
A ∩ B= {2,4} They don’t have any common members.
C ∩ D= ∅
Two sets that don’t have any common members are
called disjoint set.
Exercises for review 7: (9 minutes)
1. Find the intersection of following sets
i) A= {1,2,3,4,5,6}, B={1,3,5,7,9} ii) C={2,4}, D={2,4,6,8,10}
A ∩ B C ∩ D
iii) E={1,2,3,4}, F={5,6,7,8} iv) G={ 𝑥: −3 ≤ 𝑥 < 5 where 𝑥 is an integer},
E ∩ F H={ 𝑥: 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 3 where 𝑥 is an integer}
G ∩ H
iv) I={ 𝑥: 𝑥 < 8 where 𝑥 is multiple of 2}, iv) K={prime number between 21 to 30},
J={ 𝑥: 0≤ 𝑥<10 where 𝑥 is factor of 8} L={Odd number between 21 to 30}
I∩J K ∩ L

Review 8: Union of sets

i) The union of two (or more) sets contains all the members of set A, set B or both A and B. The union
of sets is denoted by using the symbol ∪, for example the union of set A and B is denoted by A ∪ B
and it means A union B.
e.g.
i) If A={1,2,3,4} and B={2,4,6}, find A ∪ B ii) If C={1,3,5} and D={2,4,6}, find C ∪ D
As union contains all the members As intersection contains all the members,
A ∪ B= {1, 2, 3, 4, 6} C ∪ D= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

Exercises for review 8: (9 minutes)

1. Find the union of following sets
i) A={1,2,3,4,5}, B={3,5,7,9} ii) C={0,2,4,8}, D={0,2,4,6,8,10}
A ∪ B C ∪ D
iii) E={1,2,3,4}, F={2,4} iv) G={ 𝑥: −3 ≤ 𝑥 < 3 where 𝑥 is an integer},
E ∪ F H={ 𝑥: 𝑥 < 3 where 𝑥 is a natural number}
G ∪ H
iv) I={ 𝑥: 𝑥 < 8 where 𝑥 is multiple of 2}, iv) K={prime number between 21 to 30},
J={ 𝑥: 0≤ 𝑥<10 where 𝑥 is factor of 8 } L={Odd number between 21 to 30}
I ∪ J K ∪ L
Review 9: Complement of a set.
i) The complement of set A is the difference between the universal set U and set A. It means that
complement of set A is a set of members of universal set but not the members of set A. The complement
of set A is written as A’.
e.g. If the universal set U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} and set A= {1,3,5,7,9}, the complement of set A is other
than the members of set A, therefore, A’ = {2,4,6,8,10}

Exercises for review 9: (9 minutes)

1. Given the universal set U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20} find the complement
of the following sets.
i) A={2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20} A’= ii) B = {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19} B’=
iii) C = {3,6,9,12,15,18}, C’=

2. Given the universal set U = {𝑥: −10 < 𝑥 < 10 where 𝑥 is an integer} find the complement of the
following sets.
i) A={𝑥: −5 < 𝑥 < 5 where 𝑥 is an integer} A’=
ii) B = {𝑥: 0 < 𝑥 < 10 where 𝑥 is a natural number} B’=
iii) C ={𝑥: 0< 𝑥 < 10 where 𝑥 is a prime number} C’=

Review 10: Venn Diagrams

i) Any sets can be represented by using Venn diagrams. The Universal set is represented by a rectangle
and every subset is represented by a circle inside the rectangle of the universal set.
e.g. Given the universal set U =
{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20} ,
set A = {3,6,9,12,15,18} and set B = {7, 14} we can
represent these sets using Venn diagrams as follows:

Exercises for review 10: (6 minutes)

1. Represent the following universal set and sets using Venn diagrams.
i) Given the universal set U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20},
set A = {2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18} and set B = {3,5,7,11,13,17,19}
ii) Given the universal set U = { 𝑥: −5 < 𝑥 < 5 where 𝑥 is an integer},
set A = {odd numbers less than 5} and set B = {-3, 0, 3}
2. Observe the following Venn diagrams and list (describe) the universal set and subsets.
Review 11: Venn Diagram in Intersection of sets
i) The intersection of sets also is represented by
using Venn Diagram as intersection of two or
more circles. For example, given set A =
{1,2,3,4,5} and set B = {2,4,6,8} we can represent
the intersection of A and B (A ∩ B) as follows:

Exercises for review 11: (6 minutes)

Represent the intersection of the following sets using Venn Diagrams.
i) A = {1,2,3,4,5,6} and B = {1,3,5,7,9} ii) C = {-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3} and D = {-5,-4,-3,-2,-1}
iii) E = { 𝑥: 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 10 where 𝑥 is an integer} iv) G = {Prime numbers less than 10}
F = { 𝑥 :−5 ≤ 𝑥 < 5 where 𝑥 is an integer} H = {Odd numbers less than 10}

Review 12: Venn Diagram in union of sets

The union of sets also is represented by using Venn Diagram.
i) Given set A = {1,2,3,4,5} and set B = {2,4,6,8}
we can represent the union of A and B (A ∪ B)
as follows:

ii) Given set C = {2,4,6} and set D = {1,3,5} we

can represent the union of A and B (A ∪ B) as
follows:

Exercises for review 12: (6 minutes)

Represent the union of the following sets using Venn Diagrams.
i) A = {2,4,6} and B = {4,8,12} ii) C = {0,1,2,3,4} and D = {-5,-4,-3,-2,-1}
iii) E = { 𝑥: 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 6 where 𝑥 is an integer} iv) G = {even numbers between 1 and 10}
F = { 𝑥 :−3 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 where 𝑥 is an integer} H = {odd numbers between 1 and 10}
Review 13: Venn Diagram in Complement of a set.
The complement of a set also is represented by
using Venn Diagram. For example, if
U={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} and A = {2,4,6,8,10}, the
complement of set A (A’) is represented as shown
on the right.

Exercises for review 13: (6 minutes)

Represent the complement of the following set using Venn Diagrams.
i) U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} and B = {1,3,5,7,9} ii) U = {-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4} and C = {-3,-1,1,3}
iii) U = { 𝑥: -3 ≤ 𝑥 < 6 where 𝑥 is an integer} iv) U = {even numbers between 1 and 20}
D = { 𝑥 :−3 ≤ 𝑥 < 0 where 𝑥 is an integer} H = {even numbers between 1 and 9}

Review 14: Interpretation of Venn Diagram

Given the following Venn Diagram, find the Solution
Universal set U, set A, set B, A ∪ B, A ∩ B, A’ Universal set has all the members, therefore,
and B’. U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
A = {2,4,6,8,10}
B = {2,3,5,7}
Union of A and B is all the members of A, B or
both therefore,
A ∪ B = {2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10}
Intersection of A and B is only the members in
common, therefore,
A ∩ B = {2}
Complement of A is difference between U and A,
therefore,
A’ = {1,3,5,7,9}
B’ = {1,4,6,8,9,10}
Exercises for review 14: (3 minutes)
Given the following Venn Diagrams, find the Universal set U, set A, set B, A ∪ B, A ∩ B, A’ and B’.
Review 15: Use of Venn diagrams to solve problem of linear equation.
We can use the Venn diagram to represent some situation of linear equations.
i) There are 40 students in a class and 18 are ii) In a school there are 50 students. Each student
boys. How many girls are in the class? participates in football club, basketball club or
both. If 10 students participate in basketball club
only and 15 students participate both clubs, how
many students participate in football club only?

We can write the number of members of each We can write the number of members of each
sets. As the total is 40 and boys are 18, the sets. As the total is 50 and basketball only is 10
union of G and B is 40. 𝑥 + 18 = 40, 𝑥 =22 and both is 15, the union of B and F is 50.
(10 + 15) + 𝑥 = 50, 𝑥 =25
Exercises for review 15: (3 minutes)
1. Represent the following situation with Venn Diagram and find the answer.
i) There are 40 students in a class and 24 are girls. How many boys are in the class?
ii) In a school there are 60 students. Each student participates in remedial lesson on English, maths or
both. If 15 students participate English only and 20 students participate both, how many students
participate in maths only?

Review 16: Use of Venn diagrams and equation to solve two-sets problem 1
Two-sets problem is a question where two sets are involved and can be solved by using Venn Diagram,
number of members of sets, intersection of sets and linear equation. For example, In a class of 50
students, 40 play football and 30 plays basketball. Each student plays at least one of these sports.
i) Represent this situation by Venn Diagram ii) Find how many students play both sports.
i) The number of Universal set is 𝑛(𝑈)=50, set F ii) As the number of students who play both sports
is 𝑛(𝐹)=40 and set B is 𝑛(𝐵)=30. As 40 + 30 = is represented as the intersection of set F and B,
70 and it is to much because the total should be We can use the variable 𝑥 for it and represent it
50, it means that some students are overlapped as below.
in both sets (play both sports)
As the sum of 40 −
𝑥 ,𝑥 and 30 − 𝑥
should be 50,

(40 − 𝑥) + 𝑥 + (30 − 𝑥) = 50
−2𝑥 + 𝑥 = 50 − 70
−𝑥 = −20
𝑥 = 20
Exercises for review 16: (3 minutes) Solve the following two-sets problems.
1. In a class of 60 students, 45 play football and 40 plays basketball. Each student plays at least one of
these sports. i) Represent this situation by Venn Diagram ii) Find how many students paly both sports.

2. In a class of 40 students, 25 study English every day, and 20 study maths every day. Each student
studies at least one of these subjects.
i) Represent this situation by Venn Diagram ii) Find how many students study both subjects.
Review 17: Use of Venn Diagrams to solve two-sets problems 2
i) In a class of 50 students, all Represent this situation by Find how many students study
the students study English, Venn Diagram maths only.
Maths or both subjects every As we can find the number of
day. 30 students study English students who study maths only
only and 20 study both through subtracting that of students
subjects. How many students who study English only and both,
study Math only? from the Universal set,
50 − (30 − 20) − 20 = 𝑥
𝑥 = 20
Exercises for review 17: (3 minutes)
1. Solve the following two-sets problems.
i) In a class of 60 students, all the students study English, Maths or both subjects every day. 40 students
study English only and 25 study both subjects. How many students study Math only?

ii) In a school of 150 students, all the students play Volleyball, Football or both sports. 100 students play
Volleyball only and 80 play both sports. How many students play Football only?

Review 18: Use of Venn Diagrams to solve two-sets problems 3

i) If two sets A and B are Represent this situation by As 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) is 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) −
intersecting sets, 𝑛(𝐴) = 50, Venn Diagram 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵),
𝑛(𝐵) = 30, and 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 50 + 30 – 15 = 65
15, find 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵).

Exercises for review 18: (5 minutes)

1. Solve the following two-sets problems.
i) If two sets C and D are intersecting sets, 𝑛(𝐶) = 40, 𝑛(𝐷) = 25, and 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝐷) = 10, find 𝑛(𝐶 ∪ 𝐷).

ii) If two sets E and F are intersecting sets, 𝑛(𝐸) = 20, 𝑛(𝐹) = 60, and 𝑛(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 5, find 𝑛(𝐸 ∪ 𝐹).

iii) If two sets G and H are intersecting sets, 𝑛(𝐺) = 40, 𝑛(𝐻) = 60, and 𝑛(𝐺 ∩ 𝐻) = 25, find 𝑛(𝐺 ∪ 𝐻).
 Review 19: Use of Venn Diagrams to solve two-sets problems 4
i) If two sets A and B are Represent this situation by As 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) is 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) −
intersecting sets, 𝑛(𝐴) = 50, Venn Diagram 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵),
𝑛(𝐵) = 30, and 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 50 + 30 – 70 = 10
70, find 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵).

Exercises for review 19: (5 minutes)

1. Solve the following two-sets problems.
i) If two sets C and D are intersecting sets, 𝑛(𝐶) = 40, 𝑛(𝐷) = 25, and 𝑛(𝐶 ∪ 𝐷) = 45, find 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝐷).

ii) If two sets E and F are intersecting sets, 𝑛(𝐸) = 40, 𝑛(𝐹) = 60, and 𝑛(𝐸 ∪ 𝐹) = 75, find 𝑛(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹).

iii) If two sets G and H are intersecting sets, 𝑛(𝐺) = 70, 𝑛(𝐻) = 80, and 𝑛(𝐺 ∪ 𝐻) = 100, find
𝑛(𝐺 ∩ 𝐻).

Try to solve the past BECE questions related to Sets. (1 minute and 30 seconds per question)
i) If Q = {1,3,5,7,9,10,11,13,15} and ii) If A ={2,6,8} and B={4,6,8,10}, which of the
T = {1,2,3,5,6,7,10,11,12}, find 𝑄 ∪ 𝑇 following statement is true?

A. {1,2,3,5,7,10,11} A. 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐵
B. {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15} B. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {2,6,8}
C. {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13} C. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {2,4,6,8,10}
D. {1,2,3,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,15} D. 𝐴 ⊃ 𝐵
(2017 BECE Objective test) (2017 BECE Objective test)
iii) Which of the following statement about sets is iv) In a class of 30 girls, 17 play football, 12 play
true? hockey and 4 play both games.
A. Every set is a subset of the null (empty) set. i) Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the given
B. The universal set is the subset of the null set. information.
C. The intersection of two sets is always a null ii) How many girls play:
set. 𝛼) one or two of the games
D. The universal set is the union of all its subsets. 𝛽) none of the two games
(2017 BECE Objective test) (2017 BECE Essay type questions)
Try to solve the past BECE questions related to Sets. (1 minute and 30 seconds per question)
i) If P = { 𝑥: 𝑥 is an even number greater than two ii) Which of the following is an infinite set?
and less or equal to twelve}, list the members of
P. A. {1,2,…,5,6,7}
A. {2,4,2,8,10,12} B. {4,6,8,10,12}
B. {2,4,6,8,10,12} C. {2,3,5,7,11,…}
C. {2,4,6,8,10} D. {3,6,…,18,21,…33,36}
D. {4,6,8,10,12} (2018 BECE Objective test)
(2018 BECE Objective test)
iii) If 𝑃 = {factors of 36} and 𝑄 ={Multiplies of 4
less than 40}, find the number of subsets in
𝑃 ∩ 𝑄.
A. 10, B. 8, C. 6, D. 4
(2018 BECE Objective test)

Try to solve the past BECE questions related to Sets. (1 minute and 30 seconds per question)
i) Given that 𝐴 = {2,4,6,8,10} and 𝐵 = {4,8,12},
find 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵.
A. {4,8}
B. {2,8,12}
C. {2,4,6,8,10,12}
D. {2,4,4,6,8,8,10,12} Use the Venn diagram M and N are the subsets
(2019 BECE Objective test) of the universal set U. Use this information to
answer questions ii) and iii).
ii) Find 𝑀 ∪ 𝑁 iii) How many members are in the set 𝑁.
A. {7} A. 2, B. 3, C. 4, D. 6
B. {2,7} (2019 BECE Objective test)
C. {3,5,8}
D. {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
(2019 BECE Objective test)
iv) Given that 𝑋 ={whole numbers from 4 to 13}
and 𝑌 ={multiples of 3 between 2 and 20}, find
𝑋 ∩ 𝑌.
(2019 BECE Essay type questions)
Try to solve the past BECE questions related to Sets. (1 minute and 30 seconds per question)
i) Given that N = { 𝑥: 𝑥 is a factor of 18}, and M = ii) If 𝑃 ={7,11,13} and 𝑄 ={9,11,13}, find 𝑃 ∪ 𝑄.
{ 𝑥: 𝑥 is a multiple of 12}, find 𝑁 ∩ 𝑀. A. {7,9,11,13}
A. {1,2,3,6} B. {7,9}
B. {1,2,3,6,12} C. {11,13}
C. {2,3,6,12,18} D. {9,13}
D. { }
(2020 BECE Objective test) (2020 BECE Objective test)
iii) If M = {Prime integers between 1 and 11}, and
N = {factors of 12} find:.
A. M ∩ 𝑁
B. 𝑀 ∩ 𝑁
(2020 BECE Essay type questions)

Try to solve the past BECE questions related to Sets. (1 minute and 30 seconds per question)
i) If 𝐴= {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15} and ii) If 𝑃 ={4,8,12,16,20} and 𝑄 ={16,4,12,𝑘,20},
𝐵 ={3,6,9,12,15}, find 𝑛(𝑁 ∩ 𝑀). and P = Q, find the value of 𝑘.
A. 3 A. 20
B. 5 B. 16
C. 10 C. 8
D. 15 D. 4
(2021 BECE Objective test) (2021 BECE Objective test)
In the Venn diagram, M and N are intersecting
sets in the universal set U. Answer the questions
a), and b)
a) Express 𝑛(𝑀) and 𝑛(𝑁) in terms of 𝑥.
b) Given that 𝑛(𝑀)= 𝑛(𝑁), find the:
i) value of 𝑥
ii) 𝑛(𝑈)
(2020 BECE Essay type questions)
Unit 5: Review of angles
Review 1: Sum of angles in a straight line and angles which meet at a point.
Remember the following.
The sum of angles The sum of angles which
in a straight line is meet at a point (in this case
180o. In the at the point D) is 360o. In the
diagram, angle diagram, angle ADC ( 𝑎) +
ADC (𝑎) + angle angle BDC (𝑏) + angle BDE
BDC (𝑏) is 180o. (𝑐) + angle ADE (𝑑) is 360o.

For example, find the value of the lettered angles (𝑎,𝑏, 𝑐) in the following diagram.

As the sum of angles in a As the sum of angles in a As the sum of angles which
straight line is 180o, 𝑎 = 180 – straight line is 180o, 𝑏 = 180 – meet at a point is 360o, 𝑐 = 360
50, 𝑎 = 130o. 110 – 50, 𝑏 = 20o. – 130 – 50 – 50, 𝑏 = 130o.
Exercises for equation 1: (4 minutes)
1. Find the value of the lettered angles (𝑎,𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑) in the following diagram.
i) ii) iii) iv)

Review 2: Vertically opposite angles

Remember vertically opposite angles.
Two lines AB and CD Example: Find the
intersect at point 𝑂 , value of angle 𝑐 and
making four angles. 𝑑.
The angles which are As the angle 𝑐 is
opposite position like vertically opposite
angle 𝑎 and 𝑐 or 𝑏 angle of 130o, 𝑐
and 𝑑 are vertically =130o.
opposite angles. They As the angle 𝑑 is the
are equal 𝑎 = 𝑐 and vertically opposite
𝑏 = 𝑑. angle of 50o, 𝑐=50o.
Exercises for review 2: (6 minutes)
1. Find the value of the lettered angles (𝑎 𝑡𝑜 𝑗) in the following diagram.
i) ii) iii) Use straight line iv) AB and CD are
straight line
Review 3: Angles made in parallel lines and a transversal line 1
Given that two lines AB and CD are parallel lines, - Angles which are on the position like 𝑎 and
and a line EF cuts parallel lines, making 8 angles. 𝑒 , 𝑐 and 𝑔 , 𝑑 and ℎ, 𝑏 and 𝑓 are called
Compare these angles to identify which are equal corresponding angles. Corresponding angels
to another. are equal.
- Angles which are on the position like 𝑑 and
𝑓 , 𝑐 and 𝑒 are called alternate (interior)
angles. Alternate angles are equal.
- The angles 𝑑 and 𝑒 , 𝑐 and 𝑓 are co-
interior angles. The sum of these two angles
is 180o.
- In this diagram also apply straight line (180o),
angles which meet at a point (360o) and
In the diagram, AB and CD is parallel lines. vertically opposite angles.
The angles with grey color such as 𝑏, 𝑑, 𝑓, 𝑔 are - (Additional: Angels which are the position like
equal and the angles with white color such as 𝑎 and 𝑔 , 𝑏 and ℎ are called alternate exterior
𝑎, 𝑐, 𝑒, 𝑔 are equal size. angles. Alternate exterior angles are equal.
Exercises for review 3: (3 minutes)
Given that two lines AB and CD are parallel lines, and a line EF
cuts parallel lines, answer the following questions.

i) Write all the pairs of corresponding angles

ii) Write all the pairs of alternate (interior) angles
iii) Write all the pairs of co-interior angles.
iv) Write all the angles equal to the angle 𝑎.
v) Write all the angles equal to the angle 𝑏.

Review 4: Angles made in parallel lines and a transversal line 2

Given that two lines AB and CD are parallel lines, a line EF cuts
parallel lines, and the angle 𝑎 = 110° , find the value of the
angles, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒, 𝑓, 𝑔, ℎ.
Example of solutions. (There are more options to solve)
Angle 𝑏 = 70°. (As the angle 𝑎 and 𝑏 make a straight line).
Angle 𝑐 = 110° (As the angle 𝑐 is vertically opposite angle.
Angle 𝑑 = 70° (As the angle 𝑎 and 𝑑 make a straight line).
Angle 𝑒 = 110° (As the angle 𝑒 is corresponding angle).
Angle 𝑓 = 70° (As the angle 𝑓 is corresponding angle of 𝑏).
Angle 𝑔 = 110° (As the angle 𝑔 is vertically opposite angle of 𝑒).
Angle ℎ = 70° (As the angle 𝑓 is corresponding angle of 𝑑).

Exercises for review 4: (6 minutes)

Given that two lines AB and CD are parallel lines, a line EF cuts parallel lines, find the value of the
angles, lettered angles using the angle given in each case.
Review 5: Sum of the angles in a triangle and quadrilateral.
When we cut the We can divide a
angles of a triangle quadrilateral into two
and put them triangles. As the sum of
together, they make a angles of a triangle is 180o,
straight line. It means if we have two, 2 x 180 =
that the sum of angles 360o the sum of a
of a triangle is 180o quadrilateral is 360o.
Example: find the value of angles 𝑎 and 𝑏.
As the sum of the As the sum of the
angles of a triangle is angles of a
180o, 𝑎 = 180 – 55 – quadrilateral is 360o,
90 = 35, 35o. 𝑎 = 360 – 110 – 75 –
80 = 95, 95o.

Exercises for review 5: (4 minutes)

1. Find the value of angles 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑.

Review 6: Sum of the angles of polygons

Find the sum of the angles of each polygon from the number of triangles.
Pentagon Hexagon Octagon Decagon

A pentagon has 5 A hexagon has 6 sides An octagon has 8 A hexagon has 10

sides and 3 triangles. and 4 triangles. sides and 6 triangles. sides and 8 triangles.
180o x 3 = 540o 180o x 4 = 720o 180o x 6 = 1080o 180o x 8 = 1440o
We can find the sum of angles of polygon by using 180 x number of triangles. As the number of the
triangles of a polygon is calculated by “Number of sides – 2”, we can use the following formula to
find the sum of angles of a polygon: 180 x (Number of sides – 2) = 180 x (𝑛 − 2), where 𝑛 is the
number of sides of the polygon. For example, a nonagon has 9 sides, therefore, 180 x (9 − 2) =
180o x 7 = 1260o.
Exercises for review 6: (6 minutes)
1. Find the sum of the angles of following polygon.

i) Heptagon (7 sides) ii) decagon (10 sides)

iii) dodecagon (12 sides) iv) tetradecagon (14 side)

Review 7: The value of an angle of a regular polygon
The polygon in which the size of sides is same is called regular polygon. In a regular polygon, each
angle has the same value. Find the value of each angle of the following regular polygon.
Triangle (Equilateral) Quadrilateral (square) Regular pentagon Regular octagon

As the sum of 3 angles As the sum of 4 angles As the sum of 5 angles As the sum of 8 angles
of a triangle is 180o and of a quadrilateral is of a pentagon is 540o of a pentagon is 1080o
o
the value of angles are 360 and the value of and the value of and the value of
same, each angle is angles are same, each angles are same, each angles are same, each
180o ÷3 = 60o. angle is 360o ÷ 4 = angle is 540o ÷ 5 = angle is 1080o ÷ 8 =
o
90 . 108o. 135o.
Exercises for review 7: (4 minutes)
1. Find the value of each angle of the following regular polygon.
i) Regular hexagon ii) Regular decagon

iii) Regular dodecagon iv) Regular heptagon

Review 8: Angles of triangles and quadrilateral (isosceles triangle and parallelogram)

In an isosceles In a
parallelogram,
triangle, two opposite angles
base angles are equal in
measure. The
are equal in sum of two angles
measure. on the same side
is 180o.
Find the angles 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 of the following isosceles triangle and parallelogram.

As the sum of angles of triangle As two base angles are equal in As the opposite angle are equal
is 180o the sum of two base measure, the other base angle in measure, angle 𝑐 is 70o. As
angles is 180o – 30o = 150o. As is 20o. As the sum of angles of the sum of two angles on the
two base angles are equal in triangle is 180o, the angle 𝑏 is same side is 180o, 180o – 70o =
measure, we can divide 150o by 180o – 20o – 20o = 140o. 110o.
2. 150o ÷2 = 75o.
Exercises for review 8: (6 minutes)
Find the angles 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒, 𝑓 of the following isosceles triangle and parallelogram.
Review 9: Exterior angles of a triangle
Remember about exterior angles and its measure of a triangle.
An exterior angle of a triangle is an angle outside of the triangle
formed by one of its side and extension of side, as shown on the left.
An exterior angle forms 180o with an interior angle.

In a triangle, the sum of interior angles 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 180o, and the sum

of an interior angle and an exterior angle is 180o, for example, 𝑐 + 𝑑 =
180 o. Therefore 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 𝑐 + 𝑑 = 180 o. It means that the sum of
opposite interior angles 𝑎 + 𝑏 is equal to the exterior 𝑑.
Find the exterior angle 𝑑 of the following triangles.
As the angle 𝑑 is an Isosceles triangle As the angle 𝑑 is an exterior
exterior angle, we can angle, we can add two
add two opposite interior opposite interior angles of the
angles of the triangle; triangle. Two base angles of
55o + 90o = 145o. an isosceles triangle are
equal; 47o + 47o = 94o.

Exercises for review 9: (6 minutes)

Find the exterior angle 𝑑 of the following triangles.
Isosceles triangle Isosceles triangle

Review 10: Combination of parallel lines and triangle 1

Given that AB and CD are parallel, find angle 𝑎 in the following diagram.
This solution is an example. You can use other solutions using
the angle you can find. To become
As 𝑎 is an interior angle of the easy this type of question, we
triangle, if we find another suggest writing known angles in
angle and subtract two known the diagram as shown below.
angles from 180o, we can find
the angle 𝑎.
Another angle is an alternate
angle of 70o, 70o. 𝑎 = 180o –
60o – 70o = 50o.

Exercises for review 10: (5 minutes)

Find the lettered angles in the following diagrams.
Review 11: Combination of parallel lines and triangles 2
Given that AB and CD are parallel, find angle 𝑎 in the following diagram.
Example of solution 1 Example of solution 2

① As

alternate angle of two parallel ①Draw an auxiliary parallel line

lines, 75o. to AB and CD.
②As the angle 𝑎 is an exterior ② and ③ As alternate angle
angle of the triangle, 75o + 55o= of two parallel lines, 75o and 55o.
130o. ④ As the angle 𝑎 is sum of 75o
and 55o, 75o + 55o= 130o.
Exercises for review 11: (5 minutes)
Given that AB and CD are parallel, find angle 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 in the following diagram.

Review 12: Combination of parallel lines and triangles 3

In the diagram 𝑃𝑄 ̅̅̅̅ is parallel 𝑃𝑄
̅̅̅̅ means that line PQ, and ∠
to 𝑆𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ , ∠𝑅𝑆𝑇 = 45° and means angle. To identify where is
∠𝑅𝑇𝑆 = 55°. Find the value of ∠𝑅𝑃𝑄 , you can trace vertices
∠𝑅𝑃𝑄 and ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄. (points) from 𝑅 , to 𝑃 and finally
𝑄 with finger.
As ∠𝑅𝑃𝑄 is an alternate angle of
∠𝑅𝑇𝑆, ∠𝑅𝑃𝑄 = 55°.
Example of solution
As ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄 is an interior angle of
the triangle 𝑃𝑅𝑄 , and ∠𝑅𝑄𝑃 =
45° as alternate angle of ∠𝑅𝑆𝑇 ,
∠𝑃𝑅𝑄 = 180° − 55° − 45° = 80°
Exercises for review 10: (5 minutes)
In the following diagram ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 is parallel to ̅𝑆𝑇
̅̅̅ find the following angles using the given angles.

∠𝑆𝑅𝑇 and ∠𝑅𝑇𝑆 ∠𝑄𝑃𝑅 and ∠𝑃𝑅𝑇 Triangle S𝑇𝑅 is isosceles.

∠𝑅𝑃𝑄 and ∠𝑃𝑅𝑆
 Review 13: Combination of angles and algebra (linear equation)
Find the value of 𝑥 and 𝑓 in the following diagram.

BECE 2008 Objective test, Not drawn to scale

BECE 2005 Objective test, Not drawn to scale i) Find the value of 𝑥.
PQR is a straight line. ii) Find the value of 𝑓.
As 𝑃𝑄𝑅 is a straight line, 102o + 𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 180o. i) As 4𝑥 + 5𝑥 is a straight line, 4𝑥 + 5𝑥=180
Solve the equation. Solve the equation.
102 + 3𝑥 = 180 4𝑥 + 5𝑥 = 180
3𝑥 = 180 -102 9𝑥 = 180
3𝑥 = 78 𝑥 = 20
𝑥 = 26, 26o ii) As 5𝑥 is an exterior angle and it should be
equal to the sum of opposite angls 3𝑥 + 𝑓.
3𝑥 + 𝑓 = 5𝑥
As 𝑥 = 20, sustitute this value to 𝑥.
60 + 𝑓 = 100
𝑓 = 100 – 60
𝑓 = 40.
There are many options to solve this ii).
Exercises for review 13: (5 minutes)
Find the value of 𝑥 in the following diagram.

Not Drawn to Scale

̅̅̅̅ is parallel
In the diagram, 𝐴𝐷
BECE 2009 Essay Type BECE 2012 Essay Type to 𝐸𝐺̅̅̅̅ , angle CFG= 40°
Not Drawn to scale Not Drawn to scale triangle 𝐵𝐶𝐹 is isosceles.
i) Find the value of angle 𝐶𝐵𝐹
ii) Find the value of angle 𝐷𝐶𝐹
iii) Find the value of 𝑥
BECE 2014 Essay Type

Try to solve the past BECE questions related to Angles. (1 minute and 30 seconds per question)
The figure 𝑄𝑅𝑃 is an equilateral triangle. If angle The sum of the interior angles of a regular polygon
𝑃𝑅𝑆 = (2𝑥 − 10)°, find the value of 𝑥.
with 10 sides is.
A. 144o B. 900o
A. 55o B. 65o
C. 85o D. 95o
C. 1440o D. 1800o
BECE 2017 Objective test
BECE 2016 Objective test
Try to solve the past BECE questions related to Angles. (1 minute and 30 seconds per question)
Find the value of 𝑥 in the diagram. In the diagram, 𝑈𝑉𝑊 is an isosceles triangle.
Not drawn to scale. Length of 𝑈𝑉 is equal to the length of 𝑈𝑊 (it can
be written by |𝑈𝑉| = |𝑈𝑊| ) and angle 𝑉𝑈𝑊 =
70°. Find angle 𝑈𝑉𝑊. (Not Drawn to Scale)

A. 70o B. 60o
C. 55o D. 35o
A. 28o B. 30o C. 34o D. 60o
BECE 2017 Objective test
BECE 2017 Objective test
In the diagram 𝐴𝐵̅̅̅̅ is parallel to ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷. In the diagram ̅̅̅̅
𝑄𝑃 is parallel to ̅𝑆𝑇
̅̅̅, angle 𝑄𝑃𝑅 =
Find the value of: 68° and angle 𝑆𝑅𝑇 = 40°.
i) 𝑥
ii) 𝑦

Not Drawn
To Scale

i) Find the value of angle 𝑃𝑄𝑅.

Not Drawn to Scale A. 40o B. 68o C. 72o D. 108o
BECE 2017 Essay test
ii) Find the value of angle 𝑇𝑆𝑅.
A. 40o B. 68o C. 72o D. 112o

BECE 2018 Objective test

Sum of the interior angles of a regular polygon is Find ∠𝑄𝑃𝑆 in the diagram. (Not drawn to scale)
900o. Find the number of sides of the polygon.

BECE 2018 Essay test

A. 70o B. 40o C. 35o D. 20o

BECE 2019 Objective test
In the diagram, line 𝑀𝑁 is parallel to line 𝑇𝑈, line Use the diagram to find the value of 𝑥. (Not drawn
𝑇𝑆 cuts line 𝑀𝑁 at 𝑂 and ∠𝑀𝑂𝑆 = 115°. to scale)
Find ∠𝑂𝑇𝑈. (Not Drawn to Scale)

A. 65o B. 55o C. 45o D. 25o

BECE 2019 Objective test

BECE 2019 Essay test

Try to solve the past BECE questions related to Angles. (1 minute and 30 seconds per question)
Use the diagram below to answer question i) and In the diagram, 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 are angles on a
ii). Not drawn to scale
straight line. If 𝑥°: 𝑧° = 2 ∶ 3 and 𝑦° = 80°, find 𝑥°.
Not drawn to scale

i) Find the value of 𝑥.

A. 68o B. 75o C. 112o D. 124o

ii) Find the value of 𝑦. BECE 2020 Essay test

A. 68o B. 75o C. 112o D. 124o
BECE 2020 Objective test

Given that 𝑥 = 8, what type of angles is (9𝑥 + 8)° In the diagram, line 𝐴𝐵 is parallel to line 𝑃𝐷. Find
the value of 𝑥. Not drawn to scale
A. Straight angle (180o)
B. Obtuse angle (more than 90o and less than
180o)
C. Acute angle (less than 90o)
D. Right angle (90o)

BECE 2021 Objective test

A. 20o B. 80o C. 100o D. 120o

BECE 2021 Objective test
The following are the angles formed at the centre
of a circle: 40° , 60° , 100°, 3𝑥° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5𝑥°. Find the
value of 𝑥.

BECE 2021 Essay test