Introduction To C++ Programming

What is C++ ?

✔ C++ is a cross-platform language that can be used to create high-performance

applications.
✔ C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, as an extension to the C language.
✔ C++ gives programmers a high level of control over system resources and
memory.
✔ The language was updated 3 major times in 2011, 2014, and 2017 to C++11,
C++14, and C++17.
 Why use C++ ?
✔ C++ is one of the world's most popular programming languages.
✔ C++ can be found in today's operating systems, Graphical User Interfaces, and
embedded systems.
✔ C++ is an object-oriented programming language which gives a clear structure to
programs and allows code to be reused, lowering development costs.
✔ C++ is portable and can be used to develop applications that can be adapted to
multiple platforms.
✔ As C++ is close to C# and Java, it makes it easy for programmers to switch to C++
or vice versa
 Start with C++

✔ To start using C++, you need two things:

✔ A text editor, like Notepad, to write C++ code.
✔ A compiler, like GCC, to translate the C++ code into a language that the
computer will understand.
First Program : Hello World

#include <iostream> 1) Open note pad, or any text editor and write this
using namespace std; program.
2) Save the program with any name like
int main() { program_name.cpp
cout << "Hello World!"; 3) Open command prompt, compile the program using g++
return 0; command.
} 4) Execute .exe file.
C++ Syntax
#include <iostream> is a header file library that lets
#include <iostream> us work with input and output objects, such
using namespace std; as cout (used in line 5). Header files add functionality to
C++ programs.

using namespace std means that we can use names for

objects and variables from the standard library.

int main() { Another thing that always appear in a C++ program,

is int main(). This is called a function. Any code inside
cout << "Hello World!";
its curly brackets {} will be executed.
return 0;
cout (pronounced "see-out") is an object used together
}
with the insertion operator (<<) to output/print text. In
our example it will output "Hello World".

return 0 ends the main function.

Note: Every C++ statement ends with a semicolon ;.

Output

Output:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
Hello World!
I am learning C++
int main() {
cout << "Hello World!";
cout << "I am learning C++";
return 0;
}
C++ Comments

#include <iostream> Output:

using namespace std;
Hello World!
int main() { I am learning C++
// This is Comment
cout << "Hello World!"; ✔ Comments can be used to explain C++ code, and
cout << "I am learning C++"; to make it more readable. It can also be used to
/* line 1 comment prevent execution when testing alternative code.
line 2 comment Comments can be singled-lined or multi-lined.
line 3 comment */ ✔ Single-line comments start with two forward
return 0; slashes (//).
} ✔ Multi-line comments start with /* and ends with */.
C++ Variables

Variables are containers for storing data values.

In C++, there are different types of variables (defined with different keywords), for example:
✔ int - stores integers (whole numbers), without decimals, such as 123 or -123
✔ double - stores floating point numbers, with decimals, such as 19.99 or -19.99
✔ char - stores single characters, such as 'a' or 'B'. Char values are surrounded by single quotes
✔ string - stores text, such as "Hello World". String values are surrounded by double quotes
✔ bool - stores values with two states: true or false
C++ Variables

Declaring (Creating) Variables:

Where type is one of C++ types (such as int), and variable is the name of the variable (such
as x or myName). The equal sign is used to assign values to the variable.

Create a variable called myNum of type int and assign it the

int myNum = 15; value 15:
cout << myNum;

Print myNum on the screen.

Program 1:

WAP in C++ to add two integer number.

#include<iostream> Output:
using namespace std;
int main(){ SUM = 15
int x=5;
int y=10;
int sum=x+y;
cout<<"SUM = "<<sum;
return 0;
}
C++ User Input
✔ You have already learned that cout is used to output (print) values. Now we will
use cin to get user input.
✔ cin is a predefined variable that reads data from the keyboard with the extraction
operator (>>).

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int x;
cout<<"Enter value of x :";
cin>>x;
cout<<"You have entered the value of x = "<<x;
return 0;
}

Output:

Enter value of x : 15 (Enter)

You have entered the value of x = 15
Program 2:

WAP in C++ to add two integer number. Take integer input from console.

#include<iostream> Output:
using namespace std;
int main(){ Enter value of x: 12 (Enter)
int x,y; Enter value of y: 6 (Enter)
cout<<"Enter value of x: “; SUM = 18
cin>>x;
cout<<"Enter value of y: “;
cin>>y;
int sum=x+y;
cout<<"SUM = "<<sum;
return 0;
};