Q1.

An idealized I compressible flow has the proposed three-dimensional velocity distribu on

𝑉 = 4𝑥𝑦 𝑖 + 𝑓(𝑌0𝑗 − 𝑧𝑦 𝑘
Find the appropriate form of the func on 𝑓(𝑦) which sa sfies the con nuity rela on.

Q2. A two-dimiensional velocity field is given by

𝑉 = (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑥)𝑖 + (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦)𝑗

In arbitrary units. At (𝑥, 𝑦) = (1, 2), compute (a) the accelera ons 𝑎 and 𝑎 . (b) the velocity
component in the direc on 𝜃 = 40 . (c) the direc on of maximum velocity.

Q3. An idealized velocity field is given by the formula

𝑉 = 4𝑡𝑥𝑖 − 2𝑡 𝑦𝑗 + 4𝑥𝑧𝑘
Is this flow field steady or unsteady? Is it two or three-dimensional? At the point (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) =
(−1, +1, 0), compute (a) the accelera on vector and (b) any unit vector normal to the
accelera on.

Q4. A er discarding any constants of integra on, determine the appropriate value of the unknown
veloci es 𝑢 and 𝑣 which sa sfy the equa on of two-dimensional incompressible con nuity for:

(a) 𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑦; (b) 𝑣 = 𝑥 𝑦; (c) 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦; 𝑣 = 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦

Q5. A piston compresses gas in a cylinder by moving at constant speed 𝑉, as in Figure. Let the gas
density and length at 𝑡 = 0 be 𝜌 and 𝐿 , respec vely. Let the gas velocity vary linearly from 𝑢 =
𝑉 at thepiston face to 𝑢 = 0 at 𝑥 = 𝐿. If the gas density varies only with me, find an expression
for 𝜌(𝑡).

Q6. A fric onless, incompressible steady-flow field is given by

𝑉 = 2𝑥𝑦𝑖 – 𝑦 𝑗
in arbitrary units. Let the density be 𝜌 = constant and neglect gravity. Find an expression for the
pressure gradient in the x direc on.

Q7. A proposed three-dimensional incompressible flow field has the following vector form:
𝑉 = 𝐾𝑥𝑖 + 𝐾𝑦𝑗 – 2𝐾𝑧𝑘
(a) Determine if this field is a valid solu on to con nuity and Navier-Stokes. (b) If 𝑔 = – 𝑔𝑘, find
the pressure field 𝑝(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧). (c) Is the flow irrota onal?

Q8. A constant-thickness film of viscous liquid flows in laminar mo on down a plate inclined at angle
𝜃, as in Figure. The velocity profile is 𝑢 = 𝐶𝑦(2ℎ – 𝑦) 𝑣 = 𝑤 = 0. Find the constant C in
terms of the specific weight and viscosity and the angle 𝜃. Find the volume flux 𝑄 per unit width
in terms of these parameters.
Q9. A two-dimensional incompressible flow field is defined by the velocity components
𝑥 𝑌 𝑦
𝑢 = 2𝑉 − 𝑣 = −2𝑉
𝐿 𝐿 𝐿
where 𝑉 and 𝐿 are constants. If they exist, find the stream func on and velocity poten al.

Q10. A tank of area 𝐴 is draining in laminar flow through a pipe of diameter 𝐷 and length 𝐿, as shown
in Figure. Neglec ng the exit-jet kine c energy and assuming the pipe flow is driven by the
hydrosta c pressure at its entrance, derive a formula for the tank level ℎ(𝑡) if its ini al level is ℎ .

Q11. The pipe flow in Figure fills a cylindrical tank as shown. At me 𝑡 = 0, the water depth in the tank
is 30 𝑐𝑚. Es mate the me required to fill the remainder of the tank.

Q12. An incompressible fluid flows past an impermeable flat plate, as in Figure, with a uniform inlet
profile 𝑢 = 𝑈 and a cubic polynomial exit profile
3𝜂 − 𝜂 𝑦
𝑢=𝑈 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝜂 =
2 𝛿
Compute the volume flow 𝑄 across the top surface of the control volume.
Q13. The water level in a tank is 20 𝑚 above the ground. A hose is connected to the bo om of the
tank, and the nozzle at the end of the hose is pointed straight up. The tank cover is air ght, and
the air pressure above the water surface is 2 𝑎𝑡𝑚 gage. The system is at sea level. Determine
the maximum height to which the water stream could rise.

Q14. Pitot-sta c probe connected to a water manometer is used to measure the velocity of air. If the
deflec on (the ver cal distance between the fluid levels in the two arms) is 7.3 𝑐𝑚, determine
the air velocity. Take the density of air to be 1.25 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚 .

Q15. Water flows at a rate of 20 𝐿/𝑠 through a horizontal pipe whose diameter is constant at 3 𝑐𝑚.
The pressure drop across a valve in the pipe is measured to be 2 𝑘𝑃𝑎, as shown in Figure.
Determine the irreversible head loss of the valve, and the useful pumping power needed to
overcome the resul ng pressure drop.

Q16. Water flows at a rate of 0.035 𝑚 /𝑠 in a horizontal pipe whose diameter is reduced from 15 𝑐𝑚
to 8 𝑐𝑚 by a reducer. If the pressure at the centreline is measured to be 480 𝑘𝑃𝑎 and 445 𝑘𝑃𝑎
before and a er the reducer, respec vely, determine the irreversible head loss in the reducer.
Take the kine c energy correc on factors to be 1.05.

Q17. A large tank is ini ally filled with water 2 𝑚 above the center of a sharp-edged 10 𝑐𝑚 diameter
orifice. The tank water surface is open to the atmosphere, and the orifice drains to the
atmosphere. If the total irreversible head loss in the system is 0.3 𝑚, determine the ini al
discharge velocity of water from the tank. Take the kine c energy correc on factor at the orifice
to be 1.2.
Q18. An oil pump is drawing 35 𝑘𝑊 of electric power while pumping oil with 𝜌 = 860 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚 at a
rate of 0.1 𝑚 /𝑠. The inlet and outlet diameters of the pipe are 8 𝑐𝑚 and 12 𝑐𝑚, respec vely.
If the pressure rise of oil in the pump is measured to be 400 𝑘𝑃𝑎 and the motor efficiency is 90
percent, determine the mechanical efficiency of the pump. Take the kine c energy correc on
factor to be 1.05.

Q19. Water is flowing through a Venturi meter whose diameter is 7 𝑐𝑚 at the entrance part and 4 𝑐𝑚
at the throat. The pressure is measured to be 430 𝑘𝑃𝑎 at the entrance and 120 𝑘𝑃𝑎 at the
throat. Neglec ng fric onal effects, determine the flow rate of water.

Q20. Air flows through a pipe at a rate of 200 𝐿/𝑠. The pipe consists of two sec ons of diameters
20 𝑐𝑚 and 10 𝑐𝑚 with a smooth reducing sec on that connects them. The pressure difference
between the two pipe sec ons is measured by a water manometer. Neglec ng fric onal effects,
determine the differen al height of water between the two pipe sec ons. Take the air density
to be 1.20 𝑘𝑔/𝑚 .

Q21. Consider the following steady, two-dimensional velocity field:

𝑉⃗ = (𝑢, 𝑣) = (0.5 + 1.2𝑥)𝚤⃗ + (−2 − 1.2𝑦)𝚥⃗
Is there a stagna on point in flow field? If so, where is it?

Q22. Consider the following steady, two-dimensional velocity field:

𝑉⃗ = (𝑢, 𝑣) = (𝑎 − (𝑏 − 𝑐𝑥) )𝚤⃗ + (−2𝑐𝑏𝑦 − 2𝑐 𝑥𝑦)𝚥⃗
Is there a stagna on point in flow field? If so, where is it?

Q23. A steady, incompressible, two-dimensional velocity field is given by the following components in
the 𝑥𝑦-plane:
𝑢 = 1.1 + 2.8 + 0.65𝑦
𝑣 = 0.98 − 2.1𝑥 − 2.8𝑦
Calculate the accelera on field (find expressions for accelera on components 𝑎 and 𝑎 ) and
calculate the accelera on at the point (𝑥, 𝑦) = (−2, 3).

Q24. Consider a flow field represented by the stream func on 𝜓 = 3𝑥 𝑦 − 10𝑥 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 . Is this a
possible two-dimensional incompressible flow? Is the flow irrota onal?
Q25. Consider the flow field represented by the stream func on 𝜓 = 𝑥 − 15𝑥 𝑦 + 15𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 .
Is this a possible two-dimensional, incompressible flow? Is the flow irrota onal?