ANSWER KEY

1. What type of solution is formed when a solid solute is dissolved in a liquid solvent?
A. Homogeneous
B. Heterogeneous
C. Colloidal
D. None of the above
Explanation: A homogeneous solution is formed when a solid solute is dissolved in a liquid solvent, resulting in a
uniform mixture.
2. What is the term for the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature?
A. Molar mass
B. Solubility
C. Molarity
D. Molality
Explanation: Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature
and pressure.
3. Which of the following is not a type of solution?
A. Solid-solid
B. Liquid-gas
C. Gas-solid
D. Gas-liquid
Explanation: Solid-solid is not a type of solution, as it refers to a mixture of two or more solids that do not
dissolve in each other.
4. What is the process called when a solute dissolves in a solvent?
A. Precipitation
B. Crystallization
C. Dissolution
D. Condensation
Explanation: Dissolution is the process by which a solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.
5. Which of the following is an example of a nonpolar solvent?
A. Water
B. Ethanol
C. Hexane
D. Acetic acid
Explanation: Hexane is an example of a nonpolar solvent because it has a symmetric molecular structure and
lacks partial charges.
6. Which of the following factors affects the solubility of a gas in a liquid?
A. Temperature
B. Pressure
C. Nature of the gas and the solvent
D. All of the above
Explanation: The solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by temperature, pressure, and the nature of the gas and
the solvent.
7. What is the term for the amount of solute present in a given amount of solution?
A. Molarity
B. Molality
C. Concentration
D. Solubility
Explanation: Concentration is the amount of solute present in a given amount of solution.
8. Which of the following is an example of a supersaturated solution?
A. A solution with more solute than can dissolve at a given temperature
B. A solution with less solute than can dissolve at a given temperature
C. A solution with the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature
D. None of the above
Explanation: A supersaturated solution is a solution with more solute than can dissolve at a given temperature,
resulting in the formation of a precipitate.
9. What is the term for the amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent?
A. Molarity
B. Molality
C. Concentration
D. Solubility
Explanation: Molality is the amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent.
10. Which of the following is an example of a polar solvent?
A. Benzene
B. Toluene
C. Acetone
D. Carbon tetrachloride
Explanation: Acetone is an example of a polar solvent because it has a polar functional group that creates partial
charges within the molecule.
11. What is the term for the energy required to break the intermolecular forces between solute particles?
 A. Heat of solution
B. Heat of fusion
C. Heat of vaporization
D. Heat of combustion
Explanation: The heat of solution is the energy required to break the intermolecular forces between solute
particles, allowing them to dissolve in a solvent.
12. What is the term for the amount of heat absorbed or released during a chemical reaction or physical change?
A. Enthalpy
B. Entropy
C. Heat capacity
D. Specific heat
Explanation: Enthalpy is the amount of heat absorbed or released during a chemical reaction or physical change.
13. Which of the following is an example of an endothermic process?
A. Freezing water
B. Burning wood
C. Condensing steam
D. Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water
Explanation: Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water is an endothermic process because it requires the absorption
of heat.
14. What is the term for the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one
degree Celsius?
A. Heat of fusion
B. Specific heat
C. Heat of vaporization
D. Molar heat capacity
Explanation: Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by
one degree Celsius.
15. Which of the following factors does not affect the solubility of a solid in a liquid?
A. Temperature
B. Pressure
C. Surface area of the solid
D. Nature of the solid and the solvent
Explanation: Pressure does not affect the solubility of a solid in a liquid, as the solubility of solids is only slightly
affected by changes in pressure.
16. Which of the following is an example of a colligative property?
A. Boiling point elevation
B. Enthalpy of solution
C. Heat capacity
D. Specific heat
Explanation: Boiling point elevation is an example of a colligative property, which depends on the number of
particles in a solution, rather than their identity.
17. What is the term for the temperature at which a liquid boil at a given pressure?
A. Melting point
B. Freezing point
C. Boiling point
D. Condensation point
Explanation: Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid boil at a given pressure, causing it to vaporize.
18. Which of the following factors affects the solubility of a gas in a liquid more than the others?
A. Temperature
B. Pressure
C. Nature of the gas and the solvent
D. Surface area of the liquid
Explanation: The solubility of a gas in a liquid is more affected by changes in pressure than changes in
temperature or the nature of the gas and the solvent.
19. What is the term for the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and
pressure?
A. Saturation point
B. Supersaturation point
C. Equilibrium point
D. Solubility point
Explanation: Saturation point is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given
temperature and pressure, before the solution becomes supersaturated.
20. Which of the following factors does not affect the rate of dissolution of a solid in a liquid?
A. Temperature
B. Pressure
C. Stirring or agitation
D. Particle size of the solid
21. What is the term for the energy required to break the intermolecular forces between solute particles?
A. Heat of solution
 B. Heat of fusion
C. Heat of vaporization
D. Heat of combustion
Explanation: The heat of solution is the energy required to break the intermolecular forces between solute
particles, allowing them to dissolve in a solvent.
22. What is the term for the amount of heat absorbed or released during a chemical reaction or physical change?
A. Enthalpy
B. Entropy
C. Heat capacity
D. Specific heat
Explanation: Enthalpy is the amount of heat absorbed or released during a chemical reaction or physical change.
23. Which of the following is an example of an endothermic process?
A. Freezing water
B. Burning wood
C. Condensing steam
D. Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water
Explanation: Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water is an endothermic process because it requires the absorption
of heat.
24. What is the term for the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one
degree Celsius?
A. Heat of fusion
B. Specific heat
C. Heat of vaporization
D. Molar heat capacity
Explanation: Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by
one degree Celsius.
25. Which of the following factors does not affect the solubility of a solid in a liquid?
A. Temperature
B. Pressure
C. Surface area of the solid
D. Nature of the solid and the solvent
Explanation: Pressure does not affect the solubility of a solid in a liquid, as the solubility of solids is only slightly
affected by changes in pressure.
26. Which of the following is an example of a colligative property?
A. Boiling point elevation
B. Enthalpy of solution
C. Heat capacity
D. Specific heat
Explanation: Boiling point elevation is an example of a colligative property, which depends on the number of
particles in a solution, rather than their identity.
27. What is the term for the temperature at which a liquid boils at a given pressure?
A. Melting point
B. Freezing point
C. Boiling point
D. Condensation point
Explanation: Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid boils at a given pressure, causing it to vaporize.
28. Which of the following factors affects the solubility of a gas in a liquid more than the others?
A. Temperature
B. Pressure
C. Nature of the gas and the solvent
D. Surface area of the liquid
Explanation: The solubility of a gas in a liquid is more affected by changes in pressure than changes in
temperature or the nature of the gas and the solvent.
29. What is the term for the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and
pressure?
A. Saturation point
B. Supersaturation point
C. Equilibrium point
D. Solubility point
Explanation: Saturation point is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given
temperature and pressure, before the solution becomes supersaturated.
30. Which of the following factors does not affect the rate of dissolution of a solid in a liquid?
A. Temperature
B. Pressure
C. Stirring or agitation
D. Particle size of the solid
31. What is the formula for calculating molarity?
A. M = (moles of solute)/(liters of solvent)
B. M = (moles of solute)/(moles of solvent)
 C. M = (grams of solute)/(liters of solvent)
D. M = (grams of solute)/(moles of solvent)
Explanation: Molarity is calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the volume of the solution in
liters.
32. What is the formula for calculating molality?
A. m = (moles of solute)/(liters of solvent)
B. m = (moles of solute)/(moles of solvent)
C. m = (grams of solute)/(liters of solvent)
D. m = (moles of solute)/(kilograms of solvent)
Explanation: Molality is calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the mass of the solvent in
kilograms.
33. What is the difference between molarity and molality?
A. Molarity is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent, while molality is the number of moles of
solute per liter of solution.
B. Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, while molality is the number of moles of
solute per kilogram of solvent.
C. Molarity is the concentration of a solution based on the volume of the solvent, while molality is the
concentration of a solution based on the mass of the solute.
D. Molarity and molality are two different ways of expressing the same concentration of a solution.
34. What is the difference between mass percent and percent by volume?
A. Mass percent is a measure of the amount of solute in a solution as a percentage of the total mass of the
solution, while percent by volume is a measure of the amount of solute in a solution as a percentage of
the total volume of the solution.
B. Mass percent is a measure of the amount of solvent in a solution as a percentage of the total mass of the
solution, while percent by volume is a measure of the amount of solvent in a solution as a percentage of
the total volume of the solution.
C. Mass percent is a measure of the amount of solute in a solution as a percentage of the total volume of the
solution, while percent by volume is a measure of the amount of solute in a solution as a percentage of
the total mass of the solution.
D. Mass percent and percent by volume are two different ways of expressing the same concentration of a
solution.
35. What is the difference between molar mass and molecular weight?
A. Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, while molecular weight is the mass of one molecule
of a substance.
B. Molar mass is the mass of one molecule of a substance, while molecular weight is the mass of one mole
of a substance.
C. Molar mass and molecular weight are two different ways of expressing the same mass of a substance.
D. Molar mass and molecular weight are not related to the mass of a substance.
36. Which of the following types of intermolecular forces involves the temporary induced dipole moments in a
molecule?
A. London dispersion forces
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. Dipole-dipole interactions
D. Ionic bonding
Explanation: London dispersion forces involve temporary induced dipole moments in a molecule. These forces
are the weakest intermolecular forces and are present in all molecules.
37. Which of the following types of intermolecular forces is strongest?
A. London dispersion forces
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. Dipole-dipole interactions
D. Ionic bonding
Explanation: Hydrogen bonding is the strongest type of intermolecular force. It is much stronger than London
dispersion forces or dipole-dipole interactions because it involves the attraction between a hydrogen atom and an
electronegative atom.
38. Which of the following types of intermolecular forces are present in both CH 3OH and CH3NH2?
A. London dispersion forces
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. Dipole-dipole interactions
D. Ionic bonding
Explanation: Both CH3OH and CH3NH2 have hydrogen bonding interactions between their molecules. This is
because both molecules have a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom (oxygen or nitrogen) and a
lone pair of electrons on another molecule.
39. Which of the following substances would exhibit the strongest dipole-dipole interactions between its molecules?
A. CO2
B. NH3
C. H2S
D. CH4
 Explanation: NH3 would exhibit the strongest dipole-dipole interactions between its molecules. This is because it
is a polar molecule with a large dipole moment due to the electronegative nitrogen atom and lone pair of
electrons.
40. Which of the following types of intermolecular forces is present in all molecules?
A. London dispersion forces
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. Dipole-dipole interactions
D. Ionic bonding
Explanation: London dispersion forces are present in all molecules. These forces result from the temporary
induced dipole moments in a molecule due to the random motion of its electrons.
41. Which of the following types of intermolecular forces is present in all polar molecules?
A. London dispersion forces
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. Dipole-dipole interactions
D. Ionic bonding
Explanation: Dipole-dipole interactions are present in all polar molecules. These forces result from the attraction
between the positive end of one molecule and the negative end of another molecule.
42. Which of the following types of intermolecular forces involves the attraction between a positive ion and a negative
ion?
A. London dispersion forces
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. Dipole-dipole interactions
D. Ionic bonding
Explanation: Ionic bonding involves the attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion. This is a much
stronger force than any intermolecular force and results in the formation of a solid ionic compound.
43. Which of the following substances would exhibit the strongest hydrogen bonding interactions between its
molecules?
A. HF
B. HCl
C. HBr
D. HI
Explanation: HF would exhibit the strongest hydrogen bonding interactions between its molecules. This is
because it has the highest electronegativity and, thus, the strongest hydrogen bonding capability.
44. Which of the following types of intermolecular forces would be strongest in a molecule with a large dipole
moment?
A. London dispersion forces
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. Dipole-dipole interactions
D. Ionic bonding
Explanation: Dipole-dipole interactions would be strongest in a molecule with a large dipole moment. This is
because the attraction between the positive and negative ends of the molecule would be stronger.
45. Which of the following types of intermolecular forces involves the sharing of electrons between atoms in a
molecule?
A. London dispersion forces
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. Covalent bonding
D. Ionic bonding
Explanation: Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms in a molecule. This is a much
stronger force than any intermolecular force and results in the formation of a stable covalent compound.
46. Which of the following statements accurately describes capillary action?
A. The ability of a liquid to spread out over a surface
B. The force that holds molecules together in a liquid
C. The ability of a liquid to flow through narrow spaces due to adhesion and cohesion
D. The force that holds atoms together in a molecule
Explanation: Capillary action is a phenomenon that occurs when the adhesion of a liquid to a surface is greater
than the cohesive forces between the liquid molecules. This results in the liquid being drawn up into narrow
spaces, such as the tiny spaces between the fibers of a paper towel or the narrow tube of a graduated cylinder.
47. Which of the following factors can affect the rate of capillary action?
A. The diameter of the capillary tube
B. The surface tension of the liquid
C. The temperature of the liquid
D. All of the above
Explanation: The diameter of the capillary tube, the surface tension of the liquid, and the temperature of the
liquid are all factors that can affect the rate of capillary action. A smaller diameter tube will generally result in a
greater rate of capillary action, while a higher surface tension or lower temperature will generally result in a slower
rate of capillary action.
48. Which of the following types of intermolecular forces is responsible for capillary action?
A. Dipole-dipole forces
B. London dispersion forces
 C. Hydrogen bonding
D. All of the above
Explanation: Capillary action is caused by the balance between adhesive forces (the attraction between the
liquid and the surface) and cohesive forces (the attraction between the liquid molecules). The strength of these
forces depends on a variety of factors, including the types of intermolecular forces involved.
49. What is the difference between capillary action and surface tension?
A. Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow through narrow spaces, while surface tension is the force
that holds the molecules of a liquid together.
B. Capillary action is the force that holds the molecules of a liquid together, while surface tension is the
ability of a liquid to spread out over a surface.
C. Capillary action and surface tension are two different terms for the same phenomenon.
D. Capillary action and surface tension are both related to the boiling point of a liquid.
Explanation: While both capillary action and surface tension are related to the intermolecular forces between
liquid molecules, they are distinct phenomena. Surface tension is the result of the cohesive forces between the
liquid molecules, which cause the surface of the liquid to be more tightly packed than the bulk of the liquid.
Capillary action, on the other hand, is caused by the balance between adhesive forces (between the liquid and the
surface) and cohesive forces (within the liquid).
50. What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion?
A. Adhesion refers to the attraction between different molecules, while cohesion refers to the attraction
between identical molecules.
B. Adhesion refers to the attraction between identical molecules, while cohesion refers to the attraction
between different molecules.
C. Adhesion and cohesion are two different terms for the same phenomenon.
D. Adhesion and cohesion both refer to the attraction between charged particles.
Explanation: Adhesion and cohesion are both intermolecular forces that affect the behavior of liquids. Adhesion
refers to the attraction between molecules of different substances, such as between a liquid and a solid surface.
Cohesion refers to the attraction between molecules of the same substance, such as between the molecules of a
liquid. Capillary action occurs when the adhesive forces between a liquid and a solid surface are greater than the
cohesive forces between the liquid molecules.
51. Which of the following liquids is most likely to exhibit strong capillary action?
A. Water
B. Ethanol
C. Mercury
D. Vegetable oil
Explanation: The strength of capillary action depends on a variety of factors, including the properties of the liquid
involved. Water has a relatively high surface tension and strong adhesive forces to many solid surfaces, making it
a good candidate for capillary action. Mercury, on the other hand, has a very low surface tension and weak
adhesive forces to most surfaces, making it unlikely to exhibit capillary action.
52. Which of the following statements is true about capillary tubes?
A. A smaller diameter capillary tube will result in slower capillary action.
B. A larger diameter capillary tube will result in stronger capillary action.
C. The diameter of the capillary tube has no effect on capillary action.
D. The diameter of the capillary tube only affects the rate of capillary action in liquids with high surface
tension.
Explanation: The strength of capillary action depends in part on the diameter of the capillary tube. A larger
diameter tube will generally result in stronger capillary action, as there is more surface area for the liquid to
adhere to. A smaller diameter tube will generally result in faster capillary action, as there is less distance for the
liquid to travel.
53. Which of the following factors can affect the angle of contact between a liquid and a solid surface?
A. The surface tension of the liquid
B. The surface energy of the solid
C. The roughness of the solid surface
D. All of the above
Explanation: The angle of contact between a liquid and a solid surface is an important factor in capillary action. It
depends on the balance between the adhesive forces between the liquid and solid surfaces, and the cohesive
forces within the liquid. The surface tension of the liquid, the surface energy of the solid, and the roughness of the
solid surface can all affect the angle of contact and, as a result, the strength of capillary action.
54. What is the relationship between capillary action and the meniscus in a liquid-filled container?
A. Capillary action causes the liquid to form a concave meniscus in a narrow container.
B. Capillary action causes the liquid to form a convex meniscus in a narrow container.
C. Capillary action has no effect on the shape of the meniscus in a liquid-filled container.
D. The shape of the meniscus in a liquid-filled container is determined solely by the surface tension of the
liquid.
Explanation: The meniscus is the curved surface of a liquid in a container, caused by the interplay between the
adhesive forces between the liquid and the container surface, and the cohesive forces within the liquid. Capillary
action can cause the liquid to climb up the walls of a narrow container, resulting in a concave meniscus.
55. Which of the following factors can affect the strength of capillary action in a liquid?
A. Temperature
B. Surface area of the container
 C. Gravity
D. All of the above
Explanation: The strength of capillary action in a liquid can be affected by various factors. Temperature can affect
the viscosity of the liquid, which can impact the rate of capillary action. The surface area of the container can
affect the amount of surface area available for capillary action to occur. Gravity can also impact the strength of
capillary action, with stronger capillary action occurring in low-gravity environments.
56. Which of the following materials would not exhibit capillary action?
A. Glass
B. Cotton
C. Aluminum
D. Plastic
Explanation: Capillary action occurs when there is an interaction between the liquid and the solid surface. While
glass, cotton, and aluminum can all interact with liquids to exhibit capillary action, plastics are typically non-porous
and do not have the necessary surface interactions to exhibit capillary action.
57. Which of the following liquids would have the highest capillary rise in a glass tube?
A. Water
B. Oil
C. Vinegar
D. Soap solution
Explanation: The capillary rise in a glass tube is influenced by the surface tension, density, viscosity, and contact
angle of the liquid with the tube. Water has a higher surface tension than oil or vinegar, which allows it to rise
higher in a glass tube. Soap solution has a lower surface tension than water, and so it would not rise as high in a
glass tube.
58. What is the effect of adding soap to water on capillary action?
A. Capillary action increases
B. Capillary action decreases
C. Capillary action remains the same
D. It depends on the type of soap used.
Explanation: When soap is added to water, it reduces the surface tension of the water by disrupting the cohesive
forces between the water molecules. Since capillary action is driven by surface tension, a decrease in surface
tension leads to a decrease in capillary action. Therefore, capillary action would decrease when soap is added to
water.
59. Which of the following is a characteristic of a solid?
A. Indefinite shape
B. Definite volume
C. No definite shape or volume
D. Molecules are far apart
Explanation: A solid has a definite shape and volume because the molecules are closely packed together and
have little room to move.
60. What is the process of changing from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase called?
A. Condensation
B. Melting
C. Sublimation
D. Deposition
Explanation: Sublimation is the process of changing directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the
liquid phase.
61. Which of the following is a characteristic of a gas?
A. Definite shape
B. Definite volume
C. No definite shape or volume
D. Molecules are closely packed
Explanation: A gas has no definite shape or volume because the molecules are widely spread out and move
independently of each other.
62. What is the process of changing from a gas to a liquid called?
A. Evaporation
B. Sublimation
C. Condensation
D. Melting
Explanation: Condensation is the process of changing from a gas to a liquid.
63. Which of the following is a characteristic of a liquid?
A. Definite shape
B. Definite volume
C. No definite shape or volume
D. Molecules are widely spaced
Explanation: A liquid has a definite volume because the molecules are closely packed together but have more
room to move than a solid, which allows the liquid to take the shape of its container.
64. What is the process of changing from a liquid to a gas called?
A. Condensation
B. Evaporation
 C. Sublimation
D. Melting
Explanation: Evaporation is the process of changing from a liquid to a gas.
65. Which of the following is a characteristic of plasma?
A. Definite shape
B. Definite volume
C. No definite shape or volume
D. Molecules are widely spaced
Explanation: Plasma is a state of matter where the atoms are ionized and there is no definite shape or volume.
Plasma is found in stars and lightning.
66. What is the process of changing from a gas directly to a solid called?
A. Melting
B. Deposition
C. Sublimation
D. Condensation
Explanation: Deposition is the process of changing from a gas directly to a solid.
67. Which of the following is a characteristic of a supercritical fluid?
A. Definite shape
B. Definite volume
C. No definite shape or volume
D. Molecules are widely spaced
Explanation: A supercritical fluid is a state of matter where the substance is above its critical point and has
properties of both a liquid and a gas. The substance has no definite shape or volume and its molecules are widely
spaced.
68. What is the process of changing from a solid to a liquid called?
A. Melting
B. Freezing
C. Sublimation
D. Deposition
Explanation: Melting is the process of changing from a solid to a liquid. This occurs when heat is added to the
solid, causing the molecules to gain energy and move more freely
69. What is the process of changing from a liquid to a solid called?
A. Condensation
B. Evaporation
C. Sublimation
D. Freezing
Explanation: Freezing is the process of changing from a liquid to a solid. This occurs when the temperature of a
liquid is lowered, causing the molecules to lose energy and move closer together to form a solid.
70. Which of the following phase changes requires the most energy?
A. Melting
B. Freezing
C. Evaporation
D. Condensation
Explanation: Evaporation requires the most energy because it involves changing a substance from a liquid to a
gas, which requires breaking the intermolecular bonds holding the molecules together. In order to break these
bonds, a significant amount of energy is required.