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6 Mechanism of Evolution

(1) The key mechanisms of evolution are artificial selection, natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, recombination, and gene flow. Artificial selection is when humans breed desirable traits, natural selection is how species adapt to environments, and genetic drift is random changes to allele frequencies. (2) Mutation, recombination, and gene flow cause genetic variations within populations. Mutation involves changes to DNA, recombination shuffles genes during meiosis, and gene flow moves alleles between populations. (3) Bottlenecks and founder effects reduce genetic variation when small subgroups migrate, leading to loss of alleles.

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125 views1 page

6 Mechanism of Evolution

(1) The key mechanisms of evolution are artificial selection, natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, recombination, and gene flow. Artificial selection is when humans breed desirable traits, natural selection is how species adapt to environments, and genetic drift is random changes to allele frequencies. (2) Mutation, recombination, and gene flow cause genetic variations within populations. Mutation involves changes to DNA, recombination shuffles genes during meiosis, and gene flow moves alleles between populations. (3) Bottlenecks and founder effects reduce genetic variation when small subgroups migrate, leading to loss of alleles.

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Cj Lindero
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6 MECHANISM OF EVOLUTION CAUSES OF BOTTLENECK EFFECT * Volcanic eruptions *

Earthquake * Over-hunting * Radiation poisoning


* Artificial Selection * Natural Selection * Genetic Drift *
Mutation * Recombination * Gene flow Founder Effect * Happens when there is a loss of genetic
variations because migration of a small subgroup in a
(1)Artificial Selection - Humans can select the variations that
population
are useful to them. - This can be done through selective
breeding. - Breeders are able to produce wide range of plants (4) Mutation - A change in a structure of a gene caused by
& animals that look very different from the ancestors. alterations in a DNA sequence of an organism

EX. corgi + husky DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUTATION

(2) Natural Selection - It is the process through which species Substitution- occurs when the genetic codon has one altered
adapt to their environment - It is the engine that drives nitrogenous base
evolution - This can only takes place if there is variations or
Insertion- characterized by the addition of an extra set of
differences among individuals in population
base pairs to the genetic material
EX. Dodo bird
Deletion- occurs when the set of a base pairs in the genetic
(3) Genetic Drift - A change in the frequency of an allele material is omitted
within a population over time - A mechanism of evolution in
(5) Recombination - A rearrangement of genes - Naturally
which allele frequencies of a population change over
occurs during the crossing over stage in meiosis, where there
generations due to chance occur in all populations of non-
is an exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes
infinite size, but its effects are strongest in small population
(6) Gene Flow - It is the exchange of alleles between two or
EX. Population bottleneck, Founder Effect
more population - For this reason it is sometimes referred to
Population Bottleneck * Occurs when the sudden sharp as Allele Flow or Gene Migration
decline in the population

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