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MTH102: ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS II

Many quantities in everyday life depend on one or more___________

Changing variables

_________ is a phenomenon that relates how one variable or quantity depends on the other variable or
quantity

A function OR

The relationship between two variables such that, to each value of the dependent there is exactly one
corresponding value of the dependent variable

A function

_______________of the function is the set of all values of the independent variable for which the

function is defined. The domain the set of all values taken on by the dependent variable. Is called

The Range

A ____________is a correspondence from a first set, called the domain,

Function

A Function is a correspondence to a second set, called__________

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The Range

A function is mostly specified by _________

Equations or formulas

____________ can Also be described using tables, graphs and diagram

A function

The equation above describes Y as a function of ________

Function of X

From the equation above is the independent variable and y is_____________

The dependent variable.

Why is it helpful to isolate the dependent variable on the left side?

To decide whether an equation defines a function

FOR EXAMPLE

In the equation. X+Y =1

In the above equation to determine where the equation defines Y and a function of X,

The equation is written as Y= V~X

From this form, you can see that for any value of X , there is exactly one value of Y . So, Y is
a function of X .

equations that assign two values (_+) to the dependent variable for a given value of the
independent variable do not______________ define functions of x

You generally isolate the dependent variable on the left. When using____________

an equation to define a function,

THEREFOR..........

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The equation X+3y=1 is then written as _________

From the equation above Y is ____________

The dependent variable

In function notation the above formula is written as__________

from this equation____________is The independent variable (input).

X the name of the function is _____________

‘’f’’.

The symbol f(x) is read as _________

‘’f of x’’ or ‘’f at x’’

The symbol f(x) represent ___________ the

value of the function at the number x.

What is the value of f when x =3?

__________is the value of f (3) in the above value of F when x=3?

A function value

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it allows you to be less wordy is an advantage of ____________

Function notation

For instance, instead of asking ‘’what is the value of y when x=3?’’ you can ask ‘’what is f(3)?

Note that the function f(x) does not mean__________

F times X

___________is the opposite of differentiation

Integration

_____________is the graph of its ordered pairs.

The graph of a function

The horizontal axis represents the independent variable and the vertical axis represents_____________

The dependent variable

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Just like the example above, a function is not one to one if______________ two

different values of x yield the same value of f(x),

______________is the graph of its ordered pairs.

The graph of a function

_______________ states that if every vertical line intersects the graph of an equation at most
once, then the equation defines y as a function of x.

vertical line test.

A function defined by two or more equations over a specified domain is called___________

piecewise – defined function

A function is _________ if to each value of the dependent variable in the range there
corresponds exactly one value of the independent variable.

one to one

Geometrically, a function is one- to- one if,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

to each value of the dependent variable in the range there corresponds exactly one value of
the independent variable.

a graph that represents a one- to –one test must satisfy________and __________

The vertical line test and the horizontal line test.

What happens If any vertical line intersects a graph in more than one point,?

the graph does not define y as a function of x.

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CONSIDER THESE GRAPHS BELOW

Y is a function of X Y is not a function of x. Two values

Of Y corresponds to an X value

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The function given by (f.g) (x) = f (g(x)) is _____________

The composite of f with g.

___________is the set of all x in the domain of g such that g(x) is the domain of f.

The domain of (f.g)

Let f and g be two functions such that: f (g(x)) = x for each x in the domain of g and g(f(x)) = x for each x in
the domain of f Under these conditions, the function g is_______________

The inverse of the function f.

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If f and g are two functions such that: f (g(x)) = x for each x in the

domain of g and g(f(x)) = x for each x in the domain of f

The function of g here is called _____________

Inverse of the function

The inverse of a function is denoted by_________

The inverse of a function F-¹ is read as__________

“f- inverse”

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Not every function has_____________

An inverse function.

For a function to have an inverse function, it must be____________

one- to- one.

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FOR EXAMPLE.........

_________________states that provided an elastic limit of a spring is not exceeded; the extension (e) is
directly proportional to the tension or force acting on it.

Hooke's law

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THE LIMIT OF A FUNCTION IS DEFINED MATHEMATICALLY BY SAY.........................

Limits can be evaluated by_______________

Direct substitution

PROPERTIES OF LIMIT

Let b and c be real numbers, and let n be a positive integer

In the property IV, if n is even, then c must be___________

positive.

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OPERATIONS WITH LIMITS

Let b and c be real numbers let n be a positive integer, and

let f and g be functions with the following limits.

In property VI, if n is even, then L must be__________ positive

if ____________

If p is a polynomial function and c is any real number

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FOR EXAMPLE

The example above show or state that the limit of polynomial can be evaluated by__________ direct

substitution.

TECHNICS FOR EVALUATING LIMITS

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A Limit can fail to exist when___________________ f(x)

increases or decrease without bound as x approaches c.

In mathematics,____________refers to rigorous formulation of the intuitive concept of function

that varies with no abrupt breaks or jumps.

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continuity

if the X values are closed together, then the y value of the function will also be close. This
expression implied_____________ Continuity

if its graph on the interval can be traced using a pencil and paper without lifting the pencil from
the paper (i.e. the graph of f is unbroken at c, and there are no holes, jumps, or gaps or to say
that a function is continuous at x=c when there is no interruption in the graph of f at c. Then
we can say____________

That the function is continuous

There are __________types of functions

Two (2)

___________and __________ are the two types of functions polynomial

functions and rational functions.

A _______________ function is continuous at every real number.

polynomial

A _____________function is continuous at every number in its domain.

rational

FOR EXAMPLE ; FIND THE CONTINUITY OF THE FOLLOWING

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A function is said to be____________ if and only if it is continuous at every point of its domain.

continuous

Consider an open interval I that contains a real number c. If a function f is defined on I (except
possibly at c), and f is not continuous at c, then f is said to have a _____________ at c.

discontinuity

There are _______ category of discontinuity

Two (2)

_________and_______are the categories of discontinuity

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Removable and Non removable

A discontinuity is called_________ if f can be made continuous by appropriately defining (or

redefining) f(c). removable

A discontinuity at x = c is _________ if the function cannot be made continuous at x=c by

defining or redefining the function at x=c. non removable

__________ are fundamental tools of calculus

Derivatives

__________is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point.

The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value

___________ is often described as the “instantaneous rate of change”, Derivative

_________ is the action of computing a derivative.

Differentiation

The process of finding a derivative is called _________ differentiation.

_________ is defined as the ratio of the vertical distance the line rises or falls between two
points P and Q to the horizontal distance between P and Q. Gradient

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Differentiation of products of functions include:

Product rule quotient rule composite function

The Product rule is also called ___________ Differentiation of

products of functions differentiation of a quotient of two

function is called__________ quotient rule

A Function of a function is called_________ composite

function

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____________ is a way of adding slices to find the whole.

Integration

Integration is like filling a tank from a tap.

________________ can be used to find areas, volumes, central points and many useful things.

Integration

_______________can also be used for areas under curve surfaces, Centre of mass – displacement
and velocity, fluid flow, modelling the behavior of object under stress

Integration

Integration involves bringing 2 or more separate lives together

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_________________is A solid figure generated by revolving a given curve around an axis of

revolution solid of revolution.

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