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Rohini 98391871821

This document describes an experiment to separate the hysteresis and eddy current losses that make up the total iron loss in a single-phase transformer. An alternator is used to vary the supply frequency, and measurements are taken of core loss at different frequencies. By plotting core loss per cycle versus frequency, the constants for hysteresis and eddy current loss can be determined from the slope and intercept, allowing separation of the losses. The procedure, circuit diagram, sample calculations and results are provided.

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Aneena Thasneem
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78 views5 pages

Rohini 98391871821

This document describes an experiment to separate the hysteresis and eddy current losses that make up the total iron loss in a single-phase transformer. An alternator is used to vary the supply frequency, and measurements are taken of core loss at different frequencies. By plotting core loss per cycle versus frequency, the constants for hysteresis and eddy current loss can be determined from the slope and intercept, allowing separation of the losses. The procedure, circuit diagram, sample calculations and results are provided.

Uploaded by

Aneena Thasneem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

SEPARATION OF LOSSES IN A SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

AIM
To separate the hysteresis and eddy current losses from iron loss in a
single phase Transformer at normal voltage and frequency.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Sl. Apparatus Specification* Quantit


No: y
1 Voltmeter 0-150 V, MI 1
2 Ammeter 0-1A MC 1
0-1A, MI 1
3 Wattmeter 150V, 5A, LPF 1
4 Rheostat 272 Ω, 1.7A 1
5 Rheostat 100 Ω,5A, 1000 1
Ω,1A
6 Transformer 1Ф,120/240V, 1
1KVA

PRINCIPLE
The components of iron loss consist of hysteresis loss and eddy current
loss. Both are functions of frequency and maximum flux density in the core can
be separated by finding iron losses at various frequencies and plotting the
graphs Pc/N Vs N. Variable supply frequency can be obtained from an alternator.
There are mainly two types of losses occurs in a transformer. They and
iron loss or core loss and copper loss or winding loss. As the name indicates,
the loss occurs in core is known as core loss and loss in winding is known as
winding loss. The iron loss includes hysteresis losses and eddy current losses,
both are functions of frequency and maximum flux density in the core.

EE3303 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-I


ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

The values of these losses are independent of load current. Hence it is


assumed as constant from no load to full load and named as constant loss.Hence
constant loss in a transformer is given by,
Constant loss (core loss / iron loss) = hysteresis loss + eddy current loss.
Pc= WH + WE WH = KH (Bm)1.6 fWE = KE (Bm)2 f2
Where KH and KE are proportionality constants.
Therefore Pc= KH (Bm)1.6 f+ KE (Bm)2 f2
The hysteresis loss is varying linearly with the frequency while the eddy
current loss varies as the square of supply frequency.
The core loss per cycle is given by, Pc/f = KH (Bm)1.6 + KE (Bm)2 f
This shows that hysteresis loss per cycle is independent of frequency and
eddy current per cycle is proportional to the frequency. For the open circuit test
V and f are varied together so that V/f is a constant. Since Bm α V/f for a
particular value of V/f, the equation for core loss per cycle can be written as, Pc/f
= K1+ K2f
Where K1 = KH (Bm)1.6 and K2 = KE (Bm)2 f.
Thus the plot of Pc/f versus f results a straight line. From the graph, value
of K1 and K2 can be determined. Slope of the straight line gives K2 and intercept
gives K1. Thus core loss can be separated as,
Hysteresis loss, WH = K1f Eddy current loss, WE =K2 f2
An alternator is a three phase a.c. generator whose speed and frequency
are related as N=120f/P.
Where N- Speed
f- Frequency
P- Number of poles of alternator.
EE3303 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-I
ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure.
2. Keep the field rheostat of alternator in maximum position and field
rheostat of motorin minimum position. Also keep the armature rheostat of
motor in maximum position.
3. Switch ON the power supply.
4. Start the motor using three point starter.
5. Cut off the starting rheostat gradually.
6. Adjust the field rheostat of motor to drive the alternator at its rated
speed to get normal supply frequency (50Hz).
7. Adjust the field rheostat of alternator to supply rated voltage to the
transformer.
8. Note the wattmeter reading.
9. Now the frequency is varied to different convenient values by adjusting
the speed of the prime mover (motor) and in each case voltage is also
adjusted to keep V/f ratio constant.
EE3303 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-I
ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

10. Tabulate the readings.


11. Switch OFF the power supply after bringing all the rheostats to initial
positions.
PRECAUTIONS
1. There should not be any loose connection in the circuit.
2. While varying the field rheostat of alternator, care must be taken so that
the induced voltage does not exceed the rated voltage on LV side of the
transformer.
3. In each set of reading, the V/f ratio must be constant.
TABULAR COLUMN

Speed, Frequency Voltage Power


Sl.N N , Pc Pc/f
V (V)
o (rpm) f ( Hz) (W)
1
2
3
4

SAMPLE GRAPH

EE3303 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-I


ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

SAMPLE CALCULATION
Speed, N=….............. Rpm
N=120f/P
Frequency, f=NP/120=…............... Hz
Power, Pc=… ................W
Pc/f=… ...................... W/Hz
From graph,
K1 =… ...................... W/Hz
K2= tan θ=… ................W/Hz2

Sl. Spee Frequenc WH = WE=K2f Pc=WH+W


2
N dN yf (Hz) K1f(W) (W) E (W)
o (rpm
)
1
2
3
4
5
6

Hysteresis loss, WH = K1f =… .............. W


Eddy current loss, WE = K2f2 = .................. W
Total Loss, Pc =WH + WE=… .... W

RESULT

Thus separated the core loss in a Single phase Transformer into


hysteresis loss andeddy current loss at normal voltage and normal frequency.

Hysteresis loss =
Eddy current loss=

EE3303 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-I

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