THE IMPACT TO MALAYSIA'S TOURISM INDUSTRY

LECTURE CLASS: L1
COURSE NAME: HPT30103 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH PROPOSAL ASSIGNMENT (GROUP)
GROUP NUMBER: 3
LECTURER’S NAME: SIR AMIN JAN

STUDENTS NAME MATRIX NO

RIZQ FATHAN ADHA BIN ZAIDI H21A2625
AFWAN BIN SHOIME H21A2764
MOHAMMAD ZAIM HAIKAL BIN HAMID H21A2166
AINA BINTI RAZUALHAZI H21A1978
NUR IZZA KAMILA BINTI ROZLAN H21A2432
ZALHASMA YUSRA BINTI ZARILIZUAN H21A2755
UMMI NADHIRAH BINTI NOR AZMAN H21A3110
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Content Pages

LIST OF FIGURES 4

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 5

ABSTRACT 6

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 7

1.2 Background of the Study 8

1.3 Problem Statement 8-9

1.4 Research Questions 10

1.5 Research Objectives 10

1.6 Scope of Study 11

1.7 Significance of Study 11-12

1.8 Definition of Terms 12-13

1.9 Summary 13

CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 14

2.2 Dependent Variable (DV) 15

2.2.1 Definition of DV 15

2.2.2 Antecedents of DV 16

2.3 Independent Variable (IV) 1 16-17

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2.4 Independent Variable (IV) 2 17

2.5 Independent Variable (IV) 3 17-18

2.6 Hypothesis 18

2.7 Conceptual Framework 19

2.8 Summary 20

CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 21

3.2 Research Design 21-22

3.3 Population and Sample 22-23

3.4 Sampling Technique 23

3.5 Instrument 23

3.6 Data Analysis 23-24

3.6.1 Descriptive Statistic 24

3.6.2 Reliability test 24

3.6.3 Pearson Correlation 25

3.7 Summary 25

REFERENCES 26

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LIST OF FIGURES:

Chapter 2:
Figure 1: Relationship between Independent and Dependent Variable tourism……………15
Figure 2: Relationship between Demographic and Perception toward tourism…………….16
Figure 3: Factors of Choosing Business Event Destination…………………………………19

Chapter 3:
Table 1: Estimate of the World Muslim Population from 2000 – 2075…………………….22-23

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS:

WTTC World Travel & Tourism Council

OIC Organization of Islamic Cooperation

IFF Islamic Festival Fashion

ReSIT Regional Seminar on Islamic Tourism

WITM World Islamic Tourism Mart

UNWTO United Nations World Tourism Organization

SUS-TAS Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale

ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations

MOCAT Ministry of Culture, Art and Tourism

GNI Gross National Income

ITC Islamics Tourism Centre

ETP Economic Transformation Program

NKEAs National Key Economic Areas

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 ABSTRACT

This essay aims to examine the development of Islamic travel, particularly in Malaysia, a country
with a diverse population. Islamic tourism has been blended with religious influences, which most
certainly affects both the advantages and disadvantages of its expansion in Malaysia. To fill up the
knowledge gaps about the rise of Islamic tourism, the information acquired from the literature
study was critically discussed. The primary concern raised in this essay is how Islamic tourism,
also known as religious or spiritual tourism, may have a substantial impact on Malaysia's tourism
economy. The study's conclusions outline the effects of Islamic tourism on the economy, society,
politics, and environment. Since the tourist sector is a lucrative one, it can also be used as a tool to
fight poverty in Muslim nations while protecting and safeguarding Islamic socio-culture. Islamic
travel reduces environmental degradation and helps to stablish political crises.

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Business research is a process of acquiring detailed information on all the areas of business
and using such information in maximizing the sales and profit of the business. Such a study helps
companies determine which products and services are most profitable or in demand. He needs to
be aware of his surroundings and the characteristics of the phenomenon he is demonstrating to act
responsibly. This can be interpreted as trying to solve it. In this situation, something must be
missing or there must be a discrepancy between what we perceive and know and what ought to be.
The movement of tourists from one location to another is well-known in the tourism sector.

Travel and tourism are activities that include taking a vacation of less than a year that
takes people away from their normal environment (WTTC,2012). Tourism comes in many forms,
including mass tourism, sports tourism, cultural tourism, island tourism, adventure tourism, and
agricultural tourism. However, a brand-new tourism category has evolved centered on spiritual or
religious values, such as Islamic tourism, which is promoted through community-based projects,
volunteering, and events. This necessitates comprehension, which calls for a thorough
investigation of how it was viewed in terms of supply and demand.

This study attempts to comprehend and explore the impacts of Islamic tourism on
Malaysia's tourism industry as a review for further studies within this context. The emergence of
Islamic tourism has a significant relationship to the tragedy of September 11, 2001, whereby
Middle Eastern tourists started to change their travel flow from Western countries to other Muslim
countries, especially in Asia.

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1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The impact on the tourism sector in Malaysia. To control the movement of the tourism
business in Malaysia, the Department of Tourism was founded in 1985. Malaysia has placed a
strong emphasis on major industries that are geared toward production since the 1970s. The
government looked for new industries after the 1980s economic downturn that could generate
significant returns for the long-term economic growth of the nation. With that in mind, the tourism
sector has been acknowledged as a new industry that can produce substantial income. For the
government to concentrate more on developing this business to a higher level and maintain
competitiveness in the market, the Ministries of Tourism and Arts and Culture merged in 2004.
This enables the management to enhance some tourist attractions without creating issues.

Islamic tourism concept Islamic tourism has historically been associated with pilgrims who
travel to Mecca to perform the Hajj, one of Islam's five pillars, with an average of 8.6 million
people doing so each year. Muslim travelers have been inspired to travel to study Islamic ideas
and civilization Prophet Muhammad's travels to disseminate Islamic teachings. should examine
and copy the key approaches taken by some outside groups or western organizations toward the
travel and tourism sector.

1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The issue that arises whenever the majority of Muslim tourists visit or migrate to regions
or western nations that lack Muslim tourists' exposure to necessary amenities, such as places of
worship, halal food, modest clothes, and so on. Islamic tourism is a type of tourism that offers
holidays that are customized to the needs and preferences of the consumer. In this instance, the
hotel that adheres to Shariah rules does not serve alcoholic beverages and has separate spa and
swimming areas for men and women. Muslim travelers increasingly travel for leisure, business,
work, medical, and educational purposes, thus it would be prudent for nations to pay attention to
their demands and travel patterns in order to improve facilities and appeal to this rapidly expanding
travel segment.

Additionally, economic, cultural, and strict religious elements are combined to create an
Islamic tourist concept. The importance of prayer hours, Halal food locations, and travel advice
on Muslim behavior in reaching general goals, spiritual goals, and social goals should all be

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stressed while advertising Muslim travel destinations. According to Weidenfeld (2009), there is
competition, reciprocal influence, complementarity, and cohabitation between religion and
tourism. The majority of Muslim nations are underdeveloped. There are a few reasons why Muslim
nations are less well-known in the travel industry and receive fewer tourists.

One of the key causes is that Muslim countries have frequently been involved in wars in
recent decades, such as the Gulf War in 1990, and Middle Eastern countries have continued to
experience instability. However, infrastructure and amenities are less developed in Muslim-
majority nations. The 57 Muslim nations that make up the Organization of Islamic Conference
were founded on September 25, 1969, and its foundation fosters cooperation and cooperation
among nations in all areas, particularly when it comes to defending and advancing the interests of
the Muslim world (OIC, 2012).

To precisely identify or comprehend its clients. The federal government has outlined the
planning and marketing initiatives for tourism. By providing data and funding for the National
Five Years Plan's tourism development in each of Malaysia's states, In Southeast Asia, Malaysia
is the nation that is most active in promoting and identifying prospects for Islamic tourism,
followed by Singapore. In order to promote the growth of Islamic tourism, Malaysia made
significant efforts and took the initiative to host the first OIC Global Islamic Tourism Conference
and Exhibition. Additionally, Malaysia has taken the lead in promoting goods and services based
on the Islamic lifestyle by planning occasions like the Islamic Festival Fashion (IFF), Halal
Showcase, Islamic MATTA Fair, and Islamic tourism conferences like the Regional Seminar on
Islamic Tourism (ReSIT, 2012) and World Islamic Tourism Mart (WITM, 2012), which are put
on by the Islamic Tourism Centre, MATTA, and Tourism Ministry.

Middle Eastern nations like Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, the United Arab
Emirates, Syria, and the Syrian Arab Republic are among the top destinations for Muslim visitors
in Malaysia. This demonstrates the connections between Islam. As nations get closer, people are
beginning to go to places where the majority of the locals practice their own faith. This is
happening beyond just basic purposes like education.

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1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

This study aims to investigate how local tourists' attitudes about ecotourism in Malaysia
are influenced by confirmation, perceived usefulness, perceived security, privacy, trust, self-
efficacy, satisfaction, and continuance intention. the following five research questions are put
forth:

Q1- What is the relationship between convenience and customer satisfaction in the tourism
industry?

Q2- What is the relationship between service quality and product quality in tourist satisfaction?

Q3 - What is the relationship between social factors and personal factors in behavior among local
tourists and foreign tourists?

Q4 - What is the difference between accommodation and transport between within the tourism
industry in Malaysia and abroad?

Q5 - What is the relationship between situational factors and tourist satisfaction behavior when
traveling in Malaysia?

1.5 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

There are five objectives that this study aims to achieve as follows:

RO1 -to study the relationship between facilities and customer satisfaction in the tourism industry.

RO2- to analyze the relationship between service quality and product quality in tourist satisfaction

RO3- to develop the relationship between social factors and personal factors in behavior among
local tourists.

RO4 - To study the differences between accommodation and transport found in the tourism
industry in Malaysia and abroad.

RO5 - To analyze the relationship between situational factors and tourist satisfaction behavior
while traveling in Malaysia.

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1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY

This research is primarily focused on the impact on Malaysia's tourism industry. details on
Muslim tourist accommodation, halal food service for Islamic tourist customers, and additional
amenities such as prayer vehicles, and so on This study also investigates the effects of economic,
sociocultural, political, and environmental factors. The study also presents a review idea of the
tourist consequences of a new tourism product, which is a religious tourism known as Islamic
tourism in Malaysia.

1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The importance of research is a written explanation of why the research is necessary. This
is a justification of the importance of the work and its impact on the field of research, its
contribution to new knowledge and the way others will benefit. Explain why the study is necessary
and why it worries researchers. The study section in Chapter 1 provides an overview of the problem
and how the study will be conducted.

Explain how the proposed study will contribute to the field. As a marketing tool, customer
satisfaction plays an important role in attracting the most volatile market segments. According to
Bitner and Hubbert (1994), customer satisfaction is a term used to measure the extent to which a
product or service offered by an organization meets customer expectations, or in other words,
customer satisfaction is the fulfillment of customer wants, needs and expectations, thus creating
customer loyalty.

Tourist satisfaction with the product or service offered, also asserted that customer
satisfaction is a response to the conditions, processes, and outcomes of the service experience
received especially among Islamic tourists. Thus, satisfaction is an important factor for successful
destination marketing (Kozak & Remington, 2000). In terms of tourism, tourists are the customers
who generate national income. Therefore, to continue the development of the tourism sector,
special attention should be given to the assessment of tourist satisfaction in terms of the quality of
services offered such as comfortable accommodation, vehicles or transportation in good condition,
easy food sources for Muslim tourists and so on.

Malaysia is one of the world's 17 mega-diverse nations due to its combination of forest,
river, and marine environments. (A mega-diverse nation is one that is home to the majority of

11
Earth's species and contains a large number of endemic species, or those that can only be found in
one place on the globe.). In 2012, dive tourism is one of the fastest-growing segments of the tourist
business, according to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Tourism Malaysia recognizes
the sector's potential and has promoted the country's diving spots, notably Sipadan in Sabah, as a
draw for divers. Unfortunately, the government lacks a policy to steer this industry in a sustainable
manner, and driving operations are inadequately controlled.

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following is all of terms and definitions for the study of all the concepts used in this
study, regarding the Impact on Malaysia's Islamic tourism industry.

Tourist Satisfaction

Tourist satisfaction may be defined as the amount of the tourist's fulfilment experience that
happened from the trip experience concerning a product or service characteristic that fulfils the
tourist's wishes, expectations, and needs in conjunction with the trip.

Islamic Tourism Concept

The definition of the concept of Islamic tourism is still ambiguous and the ramification of
the Islamic tourism terms itself is not clearly defined (Henderson, 2010). The concept of Islamic
Tourism also can be considered as ‘ibadah and Da’wah where tourists travel from one place to
another place is being seen as a blessing from God by avoid any wrongdoings during the travel.
Any other words it can also be translated as spiritual tourism

Accommodation

Accommodation may be defined as a set of rooms or a building in which someone may

live or stay and is crucial to any tourist who want to go to another destination or on a vacation
since tourists will always require a place to stay such as hotels, caravan parks, camp sites, and so
on. The accommodation will include amenities such as free internet (Wi-Fi) and other services.
while different for Islamic tourism, they focus more on accommodation to avoid immorality.

Muslim friendly accommodation attributes referred to the Islamic and sharia compliance
accommodation service and hospitality products. Muslim visitors would like to travel the place
with the accommodation services that provide facilities and safeguard the interest of Muslim

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tourists (Henderson: 2016). In line with this, some tourism service provider specifically reveals
the Muslim friendly accommodation attributes online. thus, attributes of accommodation with
Muslim friendly criteria such as praying facilities, halal food facilities, and no alcohol at minibar
should attract more Muslim travelers. As Muslim has to perform the prayer, it is necessary to
provide places or facilities such as providing praying direction (Qibla) and praying mat or praying
room or mosque for Muslim tourist. Halal food means Muslim friendly accommodation provider
offers the traveler’s the food facilities followed by Islamic sharia. this is an essential factor in
encouraging Muslim visitors to their hotel choice.

1.9 SUMMARY

In this chapter, the researcher provides a summary of the study on the impact to Malaysia’s
tourism industry. Meanwhile the researcher also discusses the study's background, problem
statement, research questions, and research objective. We also describe the concept of Islamic
Tourism more detailed perspective in three aspect such environment, facilities, and activities.
Thus, the scope of the study includes the significance of the study, as well as the definition of
concepts. Islamic tourism is a new tourism product that is viewed as a new contributor to
Malaysia's economy, particularly in the tourism sector. The rise of Islamic tourism throughout the
world has prompted Malaysia to devise new strategies and plans to supply adequate products and
services to Muslim visitors. Malaysia offers several potential to grow Islamic tourism because
Islam is the country's official religion, and the country benefits from political and economic
stability. Furthermore, Islamic tourism may be termed sustainable tourism since it has a good
influence on the environment, preserves and conserves socio-cultural value, and generates revenue
for local people, with the majority of local people serving visitors with Islamic value
considerations. Thus, the study of this article would help to provide some review and information
theoretically and practically to the public and commercial sectors in effectively implementing
Islamic tourism plans while taking economic, socio-cultural, political, and environmental factors
into account. The study also adds a review idea of tourist impacts of a new tourism product, which
is a religious tourism known as Islamic tourism in Malaysia.

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 CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION
2.1 Introduction
This chapter will discuss the Scientific Investigation and Business Research Process. This
discussion will start with impacts to tourist industry followed by the rigour, purposive and
parsimony the impacts to tourism industry in Malaysia. Scientific Investigation refers to the
research methods and techniques that scientific use to develop hypotheses, gather data, conduct
experiment, analyse data, and draw. The tourism industry, also known as the travel industry, is
linked to the idea of people travelling to other locations, either domestically or internationally, for
leisure, social or business purposes. It is closely connected to the hotel industry, the
hospitality industry and the transport industry, and much of it is based around keeping tourists
happy, occupied and equipped with the things they need during their time away from home.

After that, the different types of though process between deduction and induction will be
explained more with induction is general principles are inferred from specific observation to arrive
at valid conclusion while deduction is deductive reasoning relies on specific are inferred from
general principles to arrive at valid conclusion.

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2.2 Dependent Variable

A dependent variable is a variable that changes as a result of modifying the independent

variable. Your independent variable “depends” on the outcome you are interested in measuring.
Dependent variable is also referred to as: Response variable reacts when the different variable
changes. It is something that depends on other elements. For example, it may be a dependent
variable because it can vary based on several variables according to induction and deduction.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

The impact of tourism industry

Rigour

Purposive
Tourism

Parsimony

Figure 1. Relationship between independent and Dependent Variable tourism

2.21 Definition of the variable

Variables can be defined as "something that may vary or differ" (Brown, 1998:7). there are
researchers who define more deeply, saying that a variable is "is simply a symbol or a concept that
can assume any one of a set of values"(Davis, 1998:23). A dependent variable is what changes as
a result of the independent variable manipulation in experiments. It's what you're interested in
measuring, and it “depends” on your independent variable. In statistics, dependent variables are
also called: Response variables they respond to a change in another variable. However, the actions
of visitors and their usage of resources can pollute the ecosystem by bringing in more people. In
tourist locations particularly during peak tourist seasons, contamination of the land and sea
increases in addition to air pollution brought on by an increase in the usage of fossil fuels.

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 2.2.2 Antecedents of Dependent Variable

Our dependent variable is always the phenomena or behaviour that we are attempting to
explain or forecast. The independent variable in a study functions as a predictor or causative
variable. In an antecedent-consequent link, the antecedent is always the independent variable and
the consequence is always the dependent variable. Politicians' views are a predicate because the
majority of Muslim countries are developing nations. There are a few reasons why Muslim nations
are less well-known in the travel industry and receive fewer tourists. One of the key causes is that
Muslim nations have frequently fought in conflicts over the past few decades, such as the Gulf
1990's war and the ongoing instability of the Middle Eastern countries. In addition, less
infrastructures and facilities are offered in Muslim nations.

Demographic Variable Perception toward Tourism

Tourism: Tourism:

-Gender -Economic Aspect

-Age -Environment Aspect
-Education Socio-Cultural Aspect
-Occupation
-Income

Figure 2. Relationship between demographic and perception toward tourism

2.3 Rigour

Rigorous research means that it uses appropriate instruments to meet the stated objectives
of the investigation for the level of precision in the analysis. In order to achieve the stated goals of
the inquiry for the level of accuracy in the analysis, careful research requires the use of the right
methods. Additionally, it should have a solid theoretical underpinning and methodological
framework. In respect to impact assessment studies on the tourism industry, this seeks to uncover
problems with methodological rigour in the data collection process. In order to suggest an
integrated data collection system and a scenario-driven study agenda, a thorough assessment of
the tourist literature was completed. The objective of this work is to ensure a methodologically

16
valid data collection procedure by systematising common methodological issues and exposing
alternate research avenues. The need for research is demonstrated by the fact that proper
assessments of the impact of the tourism industry are frequently hampered by methodological
problems with data gathering. The study framework and agenda might be useful recommendations
for authors who are interested in exploring the topic, which will advance academic knowledge.

2.4 Purposive

The majority of studies use a straightforward, purposeful sample that may or may not be
chosen at random. A convenience sample is one that is drawn from a source that is simple for the
researcher to obtain. It can provide insight on areas that need to be stressed and help management
understand what customers' expectations and perceptions are in terms of key elements in service
delivery. In addition to being able to offer recommendations for creating the ideal plan and
adapting to change. A sample whose features are predetermined for the investigation is known as
a purposive sample. Convenience and purposeful sampling only allow for the generalisation of
research findings to the (sub)group from which they were drawn, not to the entire population. The
principles are explained in this article with the use of illustrations of appropriate and inappropriate
sampling techniques. Studies with enriched designs and database studies are considered as
common instances of convenience and purposive sampling. The facility's and the purposive
sample's internal and external validity issues are made clear. It must stop being underestimated
how crucial sound sampling methods are to the design and interpretation of research.

2.5 Parsimony

Parsimony is simplicity in explaining complex situations or statistical analysis is always

preferred over complex results and findings. It is usually preferable to use parsimony, which is
simplicity, to describe complex situations or statistical analysis rather than complex outcomes and
discoveries. The Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale (SUS-TAS) is a promising tool for evaluating
the sustainability of the travel industry. This scale has been effectively validated by academics in
many contexts. By investigating various potential SUS-TAS application possibilities, this study
builds on the positive findings of the last SUS-TAS study. This study discovered a fairly
straightforward 20-item SUS-TAS that facilitated data collecting efficiency without compromising
psychometric qualities using data from 11 Midwestern U.S. counties. Additionally, proving the
accuracy of SUS-TAS forecasts, such as those that foretell locals' aspirations to participate in

17
tourism planning on various levels. Additionally, it is recommended that seven distinct dimensions
rather than a combination of elements be used to interpret SUS-TAS.

2.6 HYPOTHESIS

The literature review revealed that on factors that affect the choice of destination for
business event for local event organizers and planner in Malaysia. This study examined the key
factors that event planners should consider when choosing their venues. In order to determine
whether a partnership exists and whether a destination's qualities can act as a variable dependant,
this research uses event characteristics and event incentives as separate variables.

H1

To evaluate the perception of the value of destination characteristics in settling destination

for Malaysian tourism industry.

H2

To determine if characteristics of event, event motivations, and aspects of destination can

predict the value of destination features by Malaysia tourism?

H3

To investigate differences in how different event planners perceive the importance of the
destination's features

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2.7 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Based on the past literature review, the researchers have proposed a framework that
adopted from Crouch and Ritchie (1997) to study Malaysian tourism thought on factors of
choosing malaysia tourism destination. Hence, the framework as shown below.

Factors Of Choosing Business The perception of the value

Event Destination. of destination
characteristics.

Characteristics of event,
event motivation and
aspect of destination.

Differences in how different

event planners.

Figure 3. Factors of Choosing Business Event Destination

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.2.8 SUMMARY

Conclusion Tourist receipts and capital investment in the tourism industry were employed
in this study to determine their empirical effects on growth in the Malaysian economy. The
empirical results show that tourist receipts and capital investment in the tourism industry have
significant positive impacts on economic growth in Malaysia. This implies that the hypothesis of
tourism-led growth does exist in Malaysia. The allocation of capital investments in the tourism
industry is important to ensure that the industry’s growth is sustainable and that resources are used
at the optimum level. Human capital investment in the tourism industry is also important because
the tourism industry directly and indirectly involves industries that require different types of
human resources. For example, Jolliffe and Baum (2004) and Formadi and Mayer (2009) stated
that event management requires multiple skills, including professional, managerial, cognitive, and
soft skills. The tourism players should design a variety of tourism products, promotional
campaigns, and special events such as food festivals and cultural events that reflect and represent
the uniqueness of the Malaysian tourism industry. In addition, the decision makers have to be
aware of all the factors that play a role in the development process in order to avoid or minimize
the undesirable impacts (Stankova, 2010). Information on Malaysian tourism, including special
events, festivals, and tourist spots, should also be updated from time to time. The authorities can
utilize online social media or mobile phone apps to promote tourism activities because the Internet
is one of the most common and useful tools for the public to search for information and plan trips.
The government may use more E-visas and sign more travel treaties with other countries in the
region, such as Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries, to encourage
their citizens to visit Malaysia. The ASEAN region contributed 75.8% of the total tourist arrivals
in Malaysia by 2016 (Tourism Malaysia, 2017). A closer and strategic collaboration with
neighboring countries can further stimulate the cross-border tourism and, hence, generate
employment opportunities, income, and local linkages among economic activities.

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 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
The Malaysian Tourism Department was founded in 1985 to coordinate the movement of
the country's tourism industry. Malaysia has placed a strong emphasis on main sectors since the
1970s, which were focusing on productive industries. The government was looking for new
industries that could generate substantial revenue for the country's long-term economic
development following the 1980s economic recession (Hanim et al., 2010). With that in mind, the
tourism sector has been identified as a new industry that has the potential to generate significant
revenue. Malaysia formed the Ministry of Culture, Art, and Tourism (MOCAT) in 1987 (Yusof,
1991). In order for the government to concentrate more on advancing this industry, Malaysia split
this ministry into two separate ministries in 2004: the Ministry of Tourism and the Ministry of Arts
and Culture. This was done in response to the tourism industry's rapid growth in the globalisation
era as well as within the context of Malaysia.

The Economic Transformation Program (ETP) of the 10th Malaysia Plan has identified 12
National Key Economic Areas (NKEAs), with the tourist sector being one of the lists to be used
to leverage competitive advantages. This is because it makes a significant contribution to the
nation's Gross National Income (GNI) and serves as a major economic engine (ETP, 2011). The
tourism business expanded more quickly and geographically in tandem with technological
advances. To address this issue, the Ministry of Tourism established the Islamic Tourism Centre
(ITC) in February 2009 with the goal of fostering and concentrating on the growth of Islamic
tourism initiatives in Malaysia.

3.2 Research Design

Research design defines a straightforward and logical plan to answer research questions
through data collection, interpretation, analysis, and discussion. All research projects are different,
but many are alike. Data collection and analysis methodologies. The authors indicate that research
can be categorized into exploratory, descriptive, and causal. Burns and Bush (2010):56

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This study began with an exploratory technique to gather customer satisfaction data. Because the
study focused on factfinding, it employed a descriptive approach after identifying consumer
satisfaction factors. Descriptive research design accomplished. The research was quantitative.

3.3 Population and Sample

Target Population

Malaysia was selected as a research site due to its limited suitability in terms of resources
and time. This capital is one of Malaysia’s largest cities. It has an airline number and is compatible
with all levels of social class in Malaysia. Customers are expected to be more interested in using
air services than other means of transportation that may take longer to reach their destination. We
use google form to access the respondents to this survey Google Forms is distributed to all
customer categories using Malaysia Airlines services. The complete data set was collected over 75
years.

Sample Size

Table 1 represents the estimation of the world Muslim population for 75 years starting from
year 2000 until the year 2075. The data denotes significant growth for every ten years and up to
33.14 percent for the year of 2075.

Year World Population Muslim (%) Muslim Population

2000 6,150,471,087 22.72 1,397,526,691

2010 6,925,824,107 23.90 1,654,941,394

2020 7,798,921,234 25.13 1,959,770,095

2030 8,782,084,481 26.43 2,320,726,124

2040 9,889,189,225 27.79 2,748,211,429

2050 11,135,860,028 29.22 3,254,412,872

2075 14,984,127,319 33.14 4,966,253,886

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 Table 1: Estimate of the World Muslim Population from 2000 – 2075

3.4 Sampling Technique

The procedure of selecting study participants is known as sampling, according to Kindly

et al. (2016). According to Kothari, sample size is the number of items chosen from the universe
to make up a sample. Njoya, Daniel (2017). Both probability sampling methods and non-
probability sampling methods fall within the two primary categories of sampling techniques. The
methods used include probability sampling and fundamental random sampling. Every individual
or thing in the population has an equal chance of being chosen in a basic random selection.

Cluster sampling takes into account both cluster homogeneity and heterogeneity. Each
cluster should be a minor proportion of the total population. Because cluster random sampling
used to be a common method for performing market research, this kind of sampling can save a lot
of time, money, and effort. When data regarding clusters rather than the entire population can be
gathered, this approach is used.

3.5 Instrument

An instrument is a piece of equipment used to gather, assess, and examine data relevant to
your study objectives. Assessment of patients, clients, students, instructors, staff, etc. is most
frequently done using these tools in the social sciences, health sciences, and education. Interviews,
exams, questionnaires, and checklists are all examples of research instruments. The researcher
often chooses the research instrument, which is linked to the research approach. Examples of
research tools and study techniques are provided in this document.

3.6 Data Analysis

The process of transforming, removing impurities from, and evaluating raw data is known
as data analysis. The result is pertinent information that can help businesses make informed
decisions. The strategy aids in reducing the risks involved in decision-making by offering crucial
information and data, which are frequently presented as charts, illustrations, tables, and graphs.

This is how the value of data is represented in quantitative data analysis: each data
collection has a distinct numerical value. Any quantifiable information that may be used for

23
statistical analysis and mathematical computations to conclude the results, in reality, is regarded
as this data.

Additionally, since mathematical derivations are easy to create using qualitative data, it is
possible to control the measurement of numerous elements. For statistical analysis, qualitative data
is frequently collected by administering surveys, polls, or questionnaires to a certain group of
people. A sizable populace can use the findings.

3.6.1 Descriptive Statistic

Descriptive statistics are used to define the essential qualities of information in a

study by providing an overview of the sample and its stages as well as a simple graphical
analysis to aid in data comprehension and a thorough analysis of the information.
Descriptive statistics, which also explain the meaning of the data, are frequently
distinguished from low-level statistics. For example, you can infer what the population
thinks from sample data by using inferential statistics. Furthermore, it is common to
employ inferential statistics to determine whether the observed differences between groups
may have been influenced or if they arose by chance during this investigation. The use of
descriptive statistics allows us to efficiently facilitate a lot of information. Each descriptive
statistic simplifies a complex summary by distilling a vast quantity of information.

3.6.2 Reliability Test

The level to which a test is accurately measured is referred to as test reliability. Test
validity has a lot to do with it. Test reliability is defined as error-free measurement
accuracy. The test is thought to be legitimate if it is accurate enough to function in the
baseline environment that it is believed to operate. The test's reliability isn't a
predetermined quality; rather, it is taken into account along with painful variations in
dependability for various populations and levels of the components being tested. This
method guarantees the validity of our research's findings.

3.6.3 Pearson Correlation

Tourism takes place in the context of the geographical environment that consists of
the natural, cultural and social environment. Tourism can make difference and have s

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 ignificant impacts on tourism areas these impacts may be socio-cultural, economic, and
environmental. This research aims to study and analyze tourism impacts from the view of
tourists. This research is a descriptive-analytical study. The required data for the study has
been gathered and analyzed through field studies and questionnaires. Pearson correlation
has been used to test the hypotheses. The results of the study indicate a significant direct
relationship between socio-cultural, economic, and environmental impacts and tourism
development.

The tourism industry has been recognized as a new industry that contributes to high
revenue and Malaysia established the Ministry of Culture, Art and Tourism (MOCAT) in
1987. Malaysia divided this ministry into two different ministries, the Ministry of Tourism
and the Ministry of Arts and Culture in 2004 so that the government can focus more on
developing this industry to a higher level. This is due to the significance of the contribution
to the Gross National Income (GNI) and therefore, a faster and wider parallel with the
advancement of the technologies. With that concern, the Ministry of Tourism has
established Islamics Tourism Centre (ITC) to support and focus on developing strategies
for Islamic tourism in Malaysia.

3.7 Summary

Islamic tourism is a growing trend in the travel and tourism industry and is seen as a new
economic contributor to Malaysia. Malaysia has created additional strategies and plans to offer
Muslim tourists enough services and amenities as a result of the global growth of Islamic tourism.
Because Islam is the country's official religion and because of the stability of its politics and
economy, Malaysia offers much potential to grow Islamic tourism. Islamic tourism can also be
regarded as sustainable tourism because it has positive effects on the environment, preserves and
conserves socio-cultural values, and provides employment for locals, who primarily serve tourists
while keeping Islamic values in mind. In order to successfully execute Islamic tourism policies
while taking into account economic, sociocultural, political, and environmental considerations, the
public and private sectors might benefit from some theoretical and practical information gained
from the study of this paper. In the Malaysian context, the study also adds a review of the impacts
of a new tourism product known as Islamic tourism.

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