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Ta 1

This document contains 8 practice problems related to vapor power cycles and Rankine cycle steam power plants. The problems cover concepts like thermal efficiency calculations, determining work and heat values, calculating steam consumption, and evaluating the impacts of regenerative feed heating on cycle efficiency. Sample answers are provided for some of the problems.

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29 views2 pages

Ta 1

This document contains 8 practice problems related to vapor power cycles and Rankine cycle steam power plants. The problems cover concepts like thermal efficiency calculations, determining work and heat values, calculating steam consumption, and evaluating the impacts of regenerative feed heating on cycle efficiency. Sample answers are provided for some of the problems.

Uploaded by

Albatross Beastboy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NIRMA UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
B Tech Semester VII

Course: Energy Systems II

Term Assignment 1 (Vapor Power Cycles)

1. In a power plant working on Rankine cycle steam was supplied to steam turbine at 15 bar and
is exhausted into a condenser to 0.5 bar. Considering feed pump work, determine thermal
efficiency of the plant if:
a. Initially steam is dry saturated
b. Initially steam has a dryness fraction of 0.92
c. Initially steam is superheated, its temperature being 275 °C
[ANS.: a) 22.53%; b)22.37%; c)23.11%]

2. Dry and saturated steam at pressure 11 bar is supplied to a turbine and expanded isentropically
to pressure 0.07 bar. Calculate the (a) heat supplied (b) total change of entropy (c) heat rejected
(d) theoretical thermal efficiency (e) overall actual output and thermal efficiency. If 𝜂𝑡 = 80%,
𝜂𝑚 = 95%, 𝜂𝑔 = 96%, 𝜂𝑝 = 80%.
[ANS.: heat supplied = 2616.9 kJ/kg K, total change of entropy = -5.994 kJ/kg, heat
rejected = 1872 kJ/kg, theoretical thermal efficiency = 28.46%, actual output = 565.59
kJ/kg, overall thermal efficiency = 20.75%]

3. A Rankine cycle steam power plant is working at 40 bar dry saturated steam at turbine inlet and
0.05 bar at condenser inlet as liquid-vapour mixture. Considering isentropic expansion in
turbine and constant pressure heat exchange in boiler and condenser, find (i) cycle efficiency
(ii) work ratio (iii) specific steam consumption.

4. Two steam turbines A and B operate with the same initial pressure of 15 bar and the same
degree of superheat 88 °C. In turbine A the exhaust pressure is 0.1 bar whereas in turbine B the
exhaust pressure is 0.03 bar. Calculate (a) theoretical steam consumption of turbines A and B
in kg/kWh (b) percentage reduction in steam consumption due to the lower exhaust pressure in
turbine B (c) actual percentage increase in overall thermal efficiency due to lower exhaust
pressure in turbine B if 𝜂𝑡 = 80%, 𝜂𝑚 = 95%, 𝜂𝑔 = 96%, 𝜂𝑏 = 90% in both cases.
[ANS.: steam consumption of turbines A and B = 4.179 kg/kWh and 3.55 kg/kWh,
percentage reduction in steam consumption = 17.71%, overall thermal efficiency =
30.25% and 34.51%]

5. A steam turbine plant is supplied with steam at pressure 20 bar and superheated to 120 ℃. The
exhaust pressure is 0.08 bar. The temperature of the condensate in the hot well is 33 ℃ (𝑣𝑓 =
0.001 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔). If the measured steam condensate is 5 kg/kWh, and if the generator efficiency
is 95%, find the absolute thermal efficiency of the entire boiler and turbine plant. Use steam
tables for property values.
6. Steam at pressure of 13.73 bar abs and temperature of 250 °C is expanded through a turbine to
a pressure of 4.12 bar abs. It is then reheated at a constant pressure to a temperature of 200 °C
and then it completes its expansion through the turbine to an exhaust pressure of 0.206 bar abs.
Calculate the ideal efficiency of the plant and work done (a) taking the reheating into account
(b) if the steam is expanded direct to the exhaust pressure without reheating.
[ANS.: Ideal efficiency = 26% and 25.9%]

7. Determine the improvement of efficiency which would result if a single stage of regenerative
feed heating were added to a steam cycle having terminal conditions of 13.73 bar (abs), 93.5
°C superheat and 0.0686 bar (abs). The steam for feed heating is to be extracted at 1.72 bar
(abs).
[ANS.: Improvement in efficiency = 4.94%]

8. A multi stage steam turbine has to be provided with two stage of regenerative feed heating.
Steam is bled off from the turbine stages at a pressure of 2 bar and 0.4 bar respectively. Initial
steam pressure is 25 bar with 300 °C and exhaust pressure is 0.1 bar. Considering isentropic
expansion in turbine, determine (1) steam quantities to be tapped at each part (2) percentage
gain in efficiency of cycle due to regenerative feed heating over Rankine cycle.
[ANS.: m1 = 0.0845 kg/kg of entering steam, m2 = 0.0552 kg/kg of entering steam, efficiency
= 31.77%, percentage gain in efficiency = 6.92%]

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