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Activity Sheet in Basic Calculus Week 3 4

This document provides a learning activity sheet on antiderivatives for a Calculus class. It includes theorems and examples for computing antiderivatives of polynomial, radical, exponential, trigonometric, and logarithmic functions. Students are given 10 practice problems to evaluate various antiderivatives using the provided theorems and substitution rule. The activity sheet is intended to help students learn and practice computing antiderivatives over weeks 3 and 4 of their Calculus course.

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lordiane camba
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48 views4 pages

Activity Sheet in Basic Calculus Week 3 4

This document provides a learning activity sheet on antiderivatives for a Calculus class. It includes theorems and examples for computing antiderivatives of polynomial, radical, exponential, trigonometric, and logarithmic functions. Students are given 10 practice problems to evaluate various antiderivatives using the provided theorems and substitution rule. The activity sheet is intended to help students learn and practice computing antiderivatives over weeks 3 and 4 of their Calculus course.

Uploaded by

lordiane camba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH

SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN BASIC CALCULUS
Weeks 3 – 4, Quarter 4

I. Title: ANTIDERIVATIVES

II. Learning Competency with code:


1. compute the general antiderivative of polynomial, radical,
exponential, and trigonometric functions (STEM_BC11D-IVa-b-1)
2. compute the antiderivative of a function using substitution rule
(STEM_BC11D-IVc-1)

III. Background Information for Learners:

Theorems on Integrals yielding Exponential and Logarithmic


functions:

Theorem 3.1. ∫ ex𝑑𝑥 = ex + 𝐶

Example 1. ∫ 2ex𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ ex = 2ex + 𝐶

1 1 1
Example 2. ∫2 ex𝑑𝑥 = 2∫ ex𝑑𝑥 = 2 ex + 𝐶

𝒂𝒙
Theorem 3.2. ∫ 𝒂𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐧 𝒂 + 𝑪. Here, a > 0 with a ≠ 1.

4𝑥
Example 3. ∫ 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln 4 + 𝐶

𝑥+1 𝑥 1 𝑥 4𝑥
Example 4. ∫ 4 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(4 )(4 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 4 ∫ 4 𝑑𝑥 = 4 +𝐶
ln 4

𝟏
Theorem 3.3. ∫ 𝒙−𝟏 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒏|𝒙| + 𝑪.

3
Example 5. ∫ 3𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑙𝑛|𝑥 | + 𝐶
𝑥

5 1
Example 6. ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 5 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 5𝑙𝑛|𝑥 | + 𝐶
Antiderivatives of Trigonometric Functions
Theorem 4.
a. ∫ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = −𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝑪 d. ∫ 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = −𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 + 𝑪
b. ∫ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪 e. ∫ 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 + 𝑪
c. ∫ 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪 f. ∫ 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = −𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒙 + 𝑪

We will use the given theorem on antiderivatives of trigonometric


functions in the following examples.
Example 1. Evaluate∫(cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
Solution: ∫(cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= sin 𝑥 + (− cos 𝑥) + 𝐶
= sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
Therefore, ∫(cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶

Example 2. Evaluate∫ tan2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥


Solution: Since ∫ tan2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sec 2 𝑥 − 1, we have
∫ tan2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(sec2 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥
= ∫ sec2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
= tan 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶
2
Therefore, ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶

sin 𝑥
Example 3. Evaluate∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos2 𝑥
Solution:
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∙ 𝑑𝑥
cos 2 𝑥 cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥
sin 𝑥 1
Since = tan 𝑥 and = sec 𝑥, we have
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥
sin 𝑥 1
∫ cos 𝑥 ∙ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝐶
sin 𝑥
Therefore, ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝐶.
cos 𝑥

Antidifferentiation by Substitution Rule

There are occasions when it is possible to perform a difficult piece


of integration b making a substitution. This has the effect of
changing the variable and the integrand.
Suppose we are given an integral of the of the form
∫ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥 ))𝑔′ (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥. We can transform this into another form by
changing the independent variable x to u using the substitution
𝑑𝑢
u=g(x). In this case, 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑔′ (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥. Therefore,

∫ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥 ))𝑔′ (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢


This change of variable is one of the most important tools
available to us. This technique is called integration by
substitution.

Example 1: Evaluate ∫(𝑥 + 4)5 𝑑𝑥


Solution: Notice that the integrand is in the fifth power of the
expression (x + 4). To tackle this problem, we make a substitution.
The point of doing this is to change the integrand into a much
simpler u5. However, we must take care to substitute
appropriately for the term dx too.

𝑑𝑢
Now, since u = x + 4 it follows that = 1. And so du = dx. So,
𝑑𝑥
substituting (x + 4) and dx, we have
∫(𝑥 + 4)5 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢5 𝑑𝑢.
𝑢6
The resulting integral can be evaluated immediately to give + 𝐶.
6
Recalling that u = x + 4, we have
∫(𝑥 + 4)5 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢5 𝑑𝑢
𝑢6
= +𝐶
6
(𝑥+4)6
= +𝐶
6
Example 2: Evaluate∫(𝑥 5 + 2)9 5𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥
Solution: If we let u = x5 + 2, then du = 5x4 dx, which is precisely
the other factor in the integrand. Thus, in terms of the variable u,
this is essentially just a power rule integration.
That is,

∫(𝑥 5 + 2)9 5𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢9 𝑑𝑢, where u = x5 + 2


𝑢10
= +𝐶
10
(𝑥 5+2)10
= +𝐶
10
IV. Exercises/Activities:

Activity 1.
Let’s Solve!

Directions: Solve the following using the theorems on


differentiation.

1. Evaluate ∫ 7ex𝑑𝑥

2. Evaluate ∫ (5ex – 6x) 𝑑𝑥

3. Evaluate ∫ 3(5x) dx

4. Evaluate ∫ 12x+1 𝑑𝑥
−4
5. Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

6. Evaluate ∫ 3x –1 𝑑𝑥

7. Evaluate ∫ (cos x – sin x) 𝑑𝑥

8. Evaluate ∫ cot2x dx

9. Evaluate ∫ (sin x + x) 𝑑𝑥
cos 𝑥
10. Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin2 𝑥

VI. Reference:

Basic Calculus Learner’s Material pp. 231-236.

Prepared by: Checked by: Concurred by:

PAMELA A. REYES LORNA E. CABANAYAN JOSE RAMIL A. SIBUN


Teacher II Master Teacher II OIC-Asst. Principal II,
Academics

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