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Lab0ratory Equipment and Tools

This document describes various tools and equipment commonly found in laboratories, including their names and uses. It discusses magnifying glasses, microscopes, thermometers, weighing machines, spring balances, beakers, tongs, Erlenmeyer flasks, volumetric flasks, Florence flasks, graduated cylinders, test tubes, test tube holders, racks, brushes, rubber stoppers, glass stir rods, forceps, funnels, watch glasses, wash bottles, evaporating dishes, crucibles, mortar and pestles, litmus paper, Bunsen burners, ring stands, clamps, wire gauze, burettes, files, gas collecting bottles, medicine droppers, Mohr pipettes, and glass

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Jane Anda
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58 views40 pages

Lab0ratory Equipment and Tools

This document describes various tools and equipment commonly found in laboratories, including their names and uses. It discusses magnifying glasses, microscopes, thermometers, weighing machines, spring balances, beakers, tongs, Erlenmeyer flasks, volumetric flasks, Florence flasks, graduated cylinders, test tubes, test tube holders, racks, brushes, rubber stoppers, glass stir rods, forceps, funnels, watch glasses, wash bottles, evaporating dishes, crucibles, mortar and pestles, litmus paper, Bunsen burners, ring stands, clamps, wire gauze, burettes, files, gas collecting bottles, medicine droppers, Mohr pipettes, and glass

Uploaded by

Jane Anda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LABORATORY TOOLS AND

EQUIPMENT

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JANE ANDA


MAGNIFYING GLASS

As the name suggests, it is used


to view enlarged or magnified
images of objects or read the
small calibrations marked on
many equipment. It has a convex
lens for object enlargement and
usually has a wooden handle to
hold it.
MICROSCOPE
A microscope is a popular lab
apparatus used to observe things
that are too tiny to be observed by
the naked human eye. There are
many different types of
microscopes. A light microscope
uses lights and a series of
magnifying lenses to observe a tiny
specimen. On the other hand, an
electron microscope uses a beam of
electrons to form a magnified
image and, thus, is more powerful.
THERMOMETER
Every lab is equipped with a basic
thermometer as many times, certain
chemical or biological reactions can
be carried out in any particular
temperature range only and so to
proceed, the thermometer becomes
very necessary to measure the
temperature of the required solution
before moving forward with further
reaction procedure.
WEIGHING MACHINE
When we perform experiments in the
laboratories, we deal with very small
quantities of reagents usually in the
units of micro or mini grams. With a
general physical balance, it is tough
to get the desired and exact
amounts of the reagents and so
these weighing machines come into
the picture. These machines help in
measuring very small units of
substances in terms of weight.
SPRING BALANCE
It is also referred to as a newton
meter. The scale is used to
measure the weight of an object
by the tension of a spring. It
consists of spring on one side and
a hook on the other.
It works by the principle of Hooke's
law, which states that the force
applied to an elastic object is
directly proportional to the
extension provided the elastic limit
is not reached. This force gauge
only measures weight and not
mass.
BEAKER
Beakers are another cylindrical
utensil made up of glass, with a flat
bottom and an upper opening, which
may or may not have a spout. They
are of varying sizes and are used to
hold, heat, or mix substances with
the proper measure. Beakers come in
every size from tiny 20 ml cups to
liter-sized buckets, and everything in
between - but 250-500 ml beakers
are most common.
TONGS
Tongs, though not much in use, are
common and basic apparatus in any
lab. They are used to grasp and lift
hot vessels and harmful substances
during any kind of reaction taking
place in the lab. Many fingers have
burned due to careless handling of
hot or dangerous substances in labs.
Therefore, make it a habit to handle
things with tongs unless you are
absolutely sure otherwise.
ERLENMEYER FLASK

Erlenmeyer flasks hold


solids or liquids that may
release gases during a
reaction or that are likely to
splatter if stirred or heated.
VOLUMETRIC FLASK
It has a large bulbous body on the
bottom, which may have a flattened or
round bottom. the body has a long
narrow neck, good for plugging a
stopper. Sometimes they will be
graduated, meaning there will be
volume scales printed on the side so
that you can measure how much
liquid is in the flask. They are generally
made of borosilicate glass, or
hardened glass if you need to heat the
contents to a higher temperature.
FLORENCE FLASK

Rarely used in first year


chemistry, it is used for the
mixing of chemicals.
Narrow neck prevents
splash exposure.
GRADUATED CYLINDER

A graduated cylinder
is used to measure
volumes of liquids.
TEST TUBE
They are usually cylindrical pipes made
up of glass, with a circular opening on
one side and a rounded bottom on the
other side. They come in different
sizes but the most common standard
size is 18*150 mm. Test tubes are one
of the most important apparatus as
they are functional from storing to
mixing reagents in any chemical or
biological reactions.
TEST TUBE HOLDER

A test tube holder is


useful for holding a
test tube which is too
hot to handle.
TEST TUBE BRUSHES
Brushes serve as the cleansing
apparatus of the test tubes, as they
are the only things that can get fit into
the narrow-mouthed test tubes and
other cylindrical and narrow objects.

Test tube brushes are used to clean


test tubes and graduated cylinders.
TEST TUBE RACKS

Test tube racks are for


holding and organizing test
tubes on the laboratory
counter.
After washing flip test tube
over on wooden peg to dry.
RUBBER STOPPERS

Rubber stoppers are used to


close containers to avoid spillage
or contamination.
Containers should never be
heated when there is a stopper
in place.
GLASS STIR ROD

A glass rod is used to manually stir


solutions. It can also be used to
transfer a single drop of a solution.
FORCEPS

Laboratory tweezers and


forceps are small tools
useful in a range of
laboratory and other
working environments for
gripping and manipulating
small or delicate objects.
FUNNEL
Funnels are necessary equipment
to pour substances and solutions
in narrow-mouthed test tubes and
conical flasks. There is variety of
its available, most common ones
are filter, thistle, and dropping
funnels.
WATCH GLASS
This apparatus is more
commonly found in
chemistry laboratories and
is made up of a concave
piece of glass. It is
normally used to hold
solids, evaporate liquids,
and heat small quantities
of different substances as
per the need of the
experiment.
WASH BOTTLE
The wash bottles are laboratory
consumables used for
cleansing and sterilization
purposes. These bottles are
made up of plastic, which
serves as a squeezy container
with a long nozzle. They mostly
contain distilled water, ethanol
or deionized water.
EVAPORATING DISH

The evaporating dish is used


for the heating of stable
solid compounds and
elements.
CRUCIBLE
Crucibles are made up of
porcelain and are used to
store and heat substances
when required to be heated
at high temperatures since
glassware are not always
suitable for such high heat
involving experiments.
MORTAR AND PESTLE
Use mortar and pestle chemistry
sets to crush up solid chemicals
into smaller pieces, or to grind
solids into fine powder. This makes
it easier to dissolve solids into
solvents (when making solutions).

A mortar and pestle chemistry set


has two pieces. The pestle is
shaped like a club and is used for
crushing. The mortar is the bowl in
which you place the chemical.
LITMUS PAPER
These two cannot be called
apparatus in a proper way, but
they serve as one of the most
important and basic things that
will be required in any kind of
laboratories. The litmus paper
serves to identify the pH of any
solution by changing colors
whereas, the filter paper serves
in the filtration process.
Red litmus paper is used to identify bases.
Blue litmus paper is used to identify acids.
BUNSEN BURNER
This apparatus produces a single
open flame and it is used for
heating and sterilization purposes
in the various experiments
conducted in labs. A laboratory
often needs a lot of things heated
or boiled, and a bunsen burner
was tailor-made for this purpose.
It runs on standard LPG fuel and
can reach a fairly respectable
temperature, unlike a spirit lamp.
RING STANDS AND THEIR COMPONENTS
RINGSTAND

Ring stands are a safe and


convenient way to perform
reactions that require heating
using a Bunsen burner.
RING STANDS AND THEIR COMPONENTS
UTILITY CLAMPS

Utility clamps are used to


secure test tubes, distillation
columns, and burets to the
ringstand.
RING STANDS AND THEIR COMPONENTS
IRON RING

Iron rings connect to a ring


stand and provide a stable,
elevated platform for the
reaction.
RING STANDS AND THEIR COMPONENTS
CLAY TRIANGLE
The clay triangle is used as
a support for porcelain
crucibles when being
heated over a Bunsen
burner.
RING STANDS AND THEIR COMPONENTS
WIRE GAUZE

Wire gauze sits on the


iron ring to provide a
place to stand a beaker.
RING STANDS AND THEIR COMPONENTS
DOUBLE BURETTE CLAMPS

Double Buret clamps


are used to burets –
long graduated tubes
used in titration.
TRIANGULAR FILE

Triangular files are used


primarily to cut glass rod, a skill
that your instructor will share
with you when it becomes
useful.
GAS COLLECTING BOTTLE

We use gas collecting


bottles when large
volumes of gases are
produced, and must be
collected by the
displacement of water.
MEDICINE DROPPER
The dropper, also known as Pasteur
pipette, is a common small apparatus,
usually made up of plastic or glass
cylinder, having a small nozzle on one
side and a rubber holder on the other. It is
used to put the liquids or solutions in any
medium dropwise, that is, one drop at a
time, a piece of necessary equipment
when any reagent is required in an
extremely small amount in a solution.
MOHR PIPET

A Mohr Pipet is a graduated pipet


that is designed to deliver small
portions of a liquid or solution.
These portions are determined by
recording the difference between
the initial and final volume
readings.
GLASS PLATES

Glass plates provide a


surface for semi-micro
scale experiments, such as
drop reactions and testing
of acids and bases.
SPATULAS
These laboratory spatulas are very
much similar to the kitchen like
spatulas found in our home but they
are just very smaller in size in
comparison. The spatulas are
usually resistant to heat and acids,
hence making them suitable for
large range use in the laboratory
experiments.
SOURCES:

• https://www.labkafe.com/blog/20-common-school-science-
laboratory-equipment-and-their-uses

• https://www.legit.ng/1222752-common-laboratory-
apparatus-names-uses.html

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