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What Is Bioinformatics?: Bioinformatics Is The Field of Science in Which Biology, Computer Science, and

Bioinformatics is the merging of biology, computer science, and information technology into a single discipline. The goal is to enable new biological insights and discern unifying principles in biology. Initially, bioinformatics focused on creating databases to store biological data like DNA sequences. Now it focuses on analyzing and interpreting various data types to form a comprehensive understanding of cellular activities and how they are altered in disease. Important sub-disciplines include developing tools for data access and use, and algorithms for analyzing relationships in large datasets.

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23 views2 pages

What Is Bioinformatics?: Bioinformatics Is The Field of Science in Which Biology, Computer Science, and

Bioinformatics is the merging of biology, computer science, and information technology into a single discipline. The goal is to enable new biological insights and discern unifying principles in biology. Initially, bioinformatics focused on creating databases to store biological data like DNA sequences. Now it focuses on analyzing and interpreting various data types to form a comprehensive understanding of cellular activities and how they are altered in disease. Important sub-disciplines include developing tools for data access and use, and algorithms for analyzing relationships in large datasets.

Uploaded by

gleydson
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UFVJM

INGLES INSTRUMENTAL
PROF. GILMARA N. MIRANDA
NOME
DATA: / /___

EXERCÍCIO PALAVRAS COGNATAS –


PARTE I

What Is
Bioinformatics?

Bioinformatics is the field of science in which biology, computer science, and


information technology merge to form a single discipline. The ultimate goal of the field
is to enable the discovery of new biological insights as well as to create a global
perspective from which unifying principles in biology can be discerned. At the
beginning of the "genomic revolution", a bioinformatics concern was the creation and
maintenance of a database to store biological information, such as nucleotide and
amino acid sequences. Development of this type of database involved not only design
issues but the development of complex interfaces whereby researchers could both
access existing data as well as submit new or revised data.

Ultimately, however, all of this information must be combined to form a


comprehensive picture of normal cellular activities so that researchers may study
how these activities are altered in different disease states. Therefore, the field of
bioinformatics has evolved such that the most pressing task now involves the
analysis and interpretation of various types of data, including nucleotide and amino
acid sequences, protein domains, and protein structures. The actual process of
analyzing and interpreting data is referred to as computational biology. Important
sub-disciplines within bioinformatics and computational biology include:

• the development and implementation of tools that enable efficient access to,
and use and management of, various types of information
• the development of new algorithms (mathematical formulas) and statistics
with which to assess relationships among members of large data sets, such
as methods to
locate a gene within a sequence, predict protein structure and/or
function, and cluster protein sequences into families of related
sequences

Why Is Bioinformatics So Important?

The rationale for applying computational approaches to facilitate the understanding of


various biological processes includes:

• a more global perspective in experimental design


• the ability to capitalize on the emerging technology of database-mining -
the process by which testable hypotheses are generated regarding the
function or structure of a gene or protein of interest by identifying similar
sequences in better characterized organisms

Protein Modeling

The process of evolution has resulted in the production of DNA sequences that
encode proteins with specific functions. In the absence of a protein structure that
has been determined by X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR) spectroscopy, researchers can try to predict the three-dimensional structure
using protein or molecular modeling. This method uses experimentally
determined protein structures (templates) to predict the structure of another
protein that has a similar amino acid sequence (target).

Although molecular modeling may not be as accurate at determining a protein's


structure as experimental methods, it is still extremely helpful in proposing and
testing various biological hypotheses. Molecular modeling also provides a starting
point for researchers wishing to confirm a structure through X-ray crystallography and
NMR spectroscopy. Because the different genome projects are producing more
sequences and because novel protein folds and families are being determined,
protein modeling will become an increasingly important tool for scientists working to
understand normal and disease-related processes in living organisms.

The Four Steps of Protein Modeling

• Identify the proteins with known three-dimensional structures that are related
to the target sequence

• Align the related three-dimensional structures with the target


sequence and determine those structures that will be used as
templates

• Construct a model for the target sequence based on its alignment


with the template structure(s)

• Evaluate the model against a variety of criteria to determine if it is satisfactory

FONTE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer/bioinformatics.html

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