0% found this document useful (0 votes)
41 views32 pages

Chemistry Summer Task

This document contains information and exercises for a student preparing for A-Level Chemistry. It includes a reading list of websites, books, magazines, YouTube channels and apps to use over the summer break. It provides guidance on the key topics and skills the student should focus on, including writing formulae, chemical equations, calculations and laboratory techniques. The exercises cover classifying substances, writing formulae for elements and ions, and deriving formulae for ionic compounds.

Uploaded by

Ho fay Chan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
41 views32 pages

Chemistry Summer Task

This document contains information and exercises for a student preparing for A-Level Chemistry. It includes a reading list of websites, books, magazines, YouTube channels and apps to use over the summer break. It provides guidance on the key topics and skills the student should focus on, including writing formulae, chemical equations, calculations and laboratory techniques. The exercises cover classifying substances, writing formulae for elements and ions, and deriving formulae for ionic compounds.

Uploaded by

Ho fay Chan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

Chemistry

Department

Foundations in
Chemistry

PREPARATION
FOR OCR
A-LEVEL
CHEMISTRY

Name: ________________________________

Summer work
A-level Chemistry Summer work

Please fill in this form and hand to your teacher in your first lesson.

Name: Secondary School: Exam board studied for GCSE


Chemistry:

GCSE grades achieved:


Chemistry Maths English

What chemistry topics did you enjoy the What topics did you enjoy the least at
most at GCSE? GCSE?

What career are you


interested in pursuing?

Things you are most


looking forward to learning
in the next two years of A-
level Chemistry.

Is there anything that


worries you or any
questions about A-level
chemistry?
Chemistry
Department

Foundations in
Chemistry

PREPARATION
FOR OCR
A-LEVEL
CHEMISTRY

Name: ________________________________

Summer work
A-level Chemistry Reading list
Websites

chemguide.com
http://www.docbrown.info/page14/page14.htm
http://www.rsc.org/Education/SchoolStudents/index.asp
http://www.creative-chemistry.org.uk/alevel/
http://a-levelchemistry.co.uk/
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/chemistry
http://www.physicsandmathstutor.com/chemistry-revision/a-level-ocr-a/
www.ocr.org.uk – For past papers. Both the current (from 2015) and legacy Chemistry A
papers. (Modules 1,2,3 = F321, Modules 1,2,4 = F322, Modules 1,2,6 = F324, Modules 1,2,5
= F325)

Books

Textbooks - all specs

Revision guides - all specs

Calculations in AS / A Level Chemistry 2000


by Jim Clark (Author)
ISBN-10: 0582411270
ISBN-13: 978-0582411272

Why chemical reactions happen (Wothers, Keeler, OUP)


ISBN-10: 0199249733
ISBN-13: 978-0199249732

What is Chemistry? 2013


by Peter Atkins (Author)
ISBN-10: 0199683980
ISBN-13: 978-0199683987

Magazines

New Scientist
FOCUS
Chemistry today
National Geographic

YouTube

There are many relevant videos in YouTube, there are new channels be created every day.
Watch any but be aware of American terminology as it can sometimes differ!

MaChemGuy is recommended. He has many videos separated out into topics.

Apps

Khan Academy: Chemistry 1 - freeXimarc Studios Inc


Khan Academy: Chemistry 2 - freeXimarc Studios Inc
Chem Pro: chemistry tutor.
Quizlet
Kahoot
Follow us on Twitter @PHSGChemistry for help too

What you need to be able to do


By the time you have worked through all the notes and exercises in this
study pack, you should be confident in:
• The use of correct words to describe chemical particles
• How to represent elements in symbol equations
• How to work out whether a substance is ionic or covalent
• Recall from memory, or work out from the periodic table, the
formulae of common ions
• Writing the formulae of ionic compounds
• Recall from memory, or work out from the name, the formulae of
common covalent molecules
• How to write balanced symbol equations for chemical reactions
• Recall from memory, the products of the reactions between an acid
and a reactive metal, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide and a metal
carbonate respectively.
• The correct use of significant figures in calculations
• The use of standard form to represent numbers
• How to rearrange algebraic expressions
• How to record observations from chemical experiments
When you start in September you will be given the mark scheme for this document
to then review and mark.

References
The notes included in this study pack should be sufficient to help you
revise all these topics.
If you want further support, you may find the Chemistry
and Maths sections of the BBC GCSE Bitesize website
useful.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/levels/z98jmp3

If you are very keen and want to look ahead at what we


cover at A Level Chemistry, we recommend you visit the
Chemguide website.
https://www.chemguide.co.uk/
Exercise 1: Types of particles
Classify these substances as atom, element, molecule, compound or
ion. Some substances may have more than one classification.

O=C=O
(a) (b) (c)

Au
(d) (e) (f)

N≡N
(g) (h) (i)

(j) (k) (l)

Mark /15
Exercise 2: Formulae for elements
Find these elements on the Periodic Table (final page).

Write down the group (vertical column in the Periodic Table) to which
these elements belong and their formulae.

Q Name of element Group Formula Mark

(a) Potassium

(b) Nitrogen

(c) Iodine

(d) Zinc Transition


metal

(e) Xenon

(f) Sulfur

(g) Fluorine

(h) Tin

(i) Tungsten Transition


metal

(j) Phosphorus

Mark /10
Exercise 3: Terminology quiz
Test your understanding of chemical terms.

Read the following statements carefully.

Tick if the statement is right with all the terms used correctly.

Cross if either the statement is wrong or any terms are used incorrectly.

(a) Hydrogen is an element.

(b) NaOH is a molecule.

(c) All compounds are molecules.

(d) CaCO3 is a compound.

(e) The formula of bromine is Br.

(f) CO2 is a molecule.

(g) Ammonia, NH3, is a molecule made up of N2 and H2 bonded


together.

(h) All molecules are compounds.

(i) O3 is a compound.

(j) O2 is made up of oxygen elements bonded together with


covalent bonds.

(k) Cl2 is a molecule.

(l) The element helium is written in equations as He2.

Mark /12
Exercise 4a: Formulae for ions
Write the formulae for the following ions, with the aid of a periodic table.

(a) lithium ion ............. (k) fluoride ion .............

(b) magnesium ion ............. (l) oxide ion .............

(c) aluminium ion ............. (m) nitride ion .............

(d) sulfide ion ............. (n) rubidium ion .............

(e) hydride ion ............. (o) manganese(II) ion .............

(f) chromium(III) ion ............. (p) hydrogen ion .............

(g) barium ion ............. (q) lead(II) ion .............

(h) silver ion ............. (r) zinc ion .............

(i) strontium ion ............. (s) iron(III) ion .............

(j) bromide ion ............. (t) phosphide ion .............

Mark /20
Polyatomic ions
Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms covalently bonded together, that have
gained or lost electrons, forming negative or positive ions respectively.
Eg the carbonate ion, CO32- , has 1 carbon and 3 oxygen atoms held together
y covalent bonds. It has an overall charge of 2- because it has gained 2 e-s.


Learn by
heart!
You must learn the names and formulae of these ions!!
1+

ammonium
1-

hydroxide
2- 3-

carbonate phosphate

NH4+ OH- CO32- PO43-

nitrate sulfate

NO3- SO42-

hydrogencarbonate
HCO3-
Note: polyatomic ions that contain oxygen as well as another element
have names that end –ate to denote the presence of the oxygen.

Writing the formulae of ionic compounds


(1) Work out the formulae and charges of the separate ions.
(2) Work out how many of each ion is needed to get an overall charge
of zero.
(3) Put brackets around any polyatomic ion present more than once in
the formula. Simple ions do not need brackets.
(4) Note the charges of the separate ions are not shown in the formula
of the compound.

Example 1 What is the formula of sodium nitrate?


Ions: Na+ and NO3-
Balance charges: One of each is needed for an overall charge of zero.

Formula: NaNO3

Example 2 What is the formula of aluminium sulfate?

Ions: Al3+ and SO42-


Balance charges: 2 x 3+ and 3 x 2- will give an overall charge of zero.

Formula: Al2(SO4)3
Exercise 4b: Ionic compounds
1. Write the formulae for the following compounds.
(a) lithium fluoride (i) ammonium sulfate

(b) iron(II) bromide (j) caesium oxide

(c) strontium nitrate (k) magnesium hydrogen carbonate

(d) zinc hydroxide (l) barium sulfide

(e) silver iodide (m) vanadium(V) oxide

(f) aluminium nitride (n) tin(IV) chloride

(g) calcium phosphate (o) potassium carbonate

(h) lead(II) oxide (p) sodium hydride

2. Name these compounds.


(a) NH4OH (c) CoSO4

(b) CaBr2 (d) CoCl3

Mark /20
Exercise 5: Covalent compounds
Write the formulae for the following compounds.

(a) carbon monoxide ........................

(b) nitrogen dioxide ........................

(c) nitrogen triiodide ........................

(d) sulfur dichloride ........................

(e) ammonia ........................

(f) silicon tetrachloride ........................

(g) phosphorus trichloride ........................

(h) dinitrogen tetroxide ........................

(i) ethanoic acid ........................

(j) carbon disulfide ........................

(k) methane ........................

(l) dinitrogen monoxide ........................

Mark /12
Exercise 6a: Balancing equations
Balance these equations. Some of them are quite tricky, but there are no
mistakes in the questions!

(a) Na2O + H 2O → NaOH

(b) KClO3 → KCl + O2

(c) H2O2 → H2O + O2

(d) Fe + H 2O → Fe3O4 + H2

(e) C2H5OH + O2 → CO2 + H 2O

(f) (NH4)2Cr2O7 → N2 + Cr2O3 + H 2O

(g) Sn + HNO3 → SnO2 + NO2 + H 2O

(h) PCl5 + H 2O → H3PO4 + HCl

(i) CuSO4 + KI → CuI + K2SO4 + I2

(j) PbO2 + HCl → PbCl2 + Cl2 + H 2O

Mark /10
Exercise 6b: Writing equations
Write balanced symbol equations for these reactions.

(a) Methane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

(b) Sodium carbonate + calcium chloride → sodium chloride + calcium carbonate

(c) Silver nitrate + copper → copper(II) nitrate + silver

(d) Potassium iodide + bromine → potassium bromide + iodine

(e) Ammonia + oxygen → nitrogen + water

(f) Lithium nitrate → lithium oxide + nitrogen dioxide + oxygen

(g) Iron metal + chlorine → iron(III) chloride

(h) Zinc sulfide + oxygen → zinc oxide + sulfur dioxide

Mark /16
Exercise 7a: Acid reactions

1. Fill in the blanks using the words given below – you may use each
word once, more than once or not at all.
carbonate chloride chlorine hydrogen
hydroxide nitrate nitride oxygen
salt sulfate sulfuric water

acid + metal ....................... → ....................... + water + carbon dioxide

....................... acid + metal oxide → metal sulfate + .......................

nitric acid + metal ....................... → metal ....................... + water

metal + hydrochloric acid → metal ....................... + .......................

2. Each of the following equations contains at least one error or


omission. Circle the mistakes and rewrite the equations correctly.
(a) The reaction between aluminium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid

AlOH3 + 3HCl → Al3Cl + 3H2O

(b) The reaction between potassium and sulfuric acid

K2 + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2H

(c) The reaction between sodium carbonate and nitric acid

naCo3 + H2NO3 → naNO3 + H2O

(d) The reaction between ammonium hydroxide and sulfuric acid

Nh3OH + H2SO4 → Nh3SO4 + H2

Mark /26
Exercise 7b: Acid equations
1. Complete the following word equations and re-write them as
balanced symbol equations.

(a) ammonium hydroxide + sulfuric acid →

(b) aluminium oxide + hydrochloric acid →

(c) magnesium + nitric acid →

(d) potassium carbonate + phosphoric acid →

(e) sodium hydroxide + ethanoic acid →

2. Ammonia is a base, which is a substance that accepts H + ions from


an acid to form a salt. Predict the single product in this reaction and
write the balanced symbol equation for this reaction.

ammonia + hydrochloric acid →

Mark /18
Mathematical skills
During your Chemistry course at Plymouth High School for Girls you will
be required to do some calculations. There is not a lot of mathematical
content in A Level Chemistry, but you mustn't be afraid of Maths either.
You need to be comfortable with:

significant figures

standard form

rearranging algebraic formula


which are concepts that you have encountered in GCSE Maths.
The following sections contain notes and exercises to refresh your
memory, but you may find the BBC GCSE Bitesize website a useful
additional resource if you want further revision.
If you are still not happy with any of these topics after working through
this mathematical skills section, please speak to your teacher when you
start. Don't be afraid to ask for help: the sooner we can help you catch
up, the more easily you will settle into your new course.
(8) Significant figures
When we do calculations in Chemistry, most of the numbers we use came
from experimental measurements. These data are subject to measurement
errors, so the answers to our calculations are not 100% accurate. Because
we know the answers are not exactly as calculated, it is not meaningful to
write down the long calculator tail to many digits. Instead, we give the
answer to the magnitude (rough size) of which we are confident – we say
the answer is quoted to a certain number of significant figures.

Which numbers are significant?


Non-zero numbers are significant. The first significant figure is the first
non-zero number reading from left to right.
Zeros between other, non-zero, numbers are classed as significant.
Zeros at the end may or may not be significant! Zeros following non-zero
numbers beyond a decimal point are definitely significant; but if the
number is quoted as a whole number, you cannot easily tell whether the
zeros on the end are significant.
All the numbers below are quoted to 3 sig figs:
123 0.0000234 30.4 4.05
5.67 0.678 7.00 80.0
These numbers that follow may be considered as 3 sig figs, but without
further information, you cannot be sure:
100 230 40500 600000
In these cases, standard form should be used to avoid doubt:
1.00 x 102 2.30 x 102 4.05 x 104 6.00 x 105

To how many significant figures should an answer be quoted?


A calculated value is only as good as the worst piece of data used to find
it. Your final answer should not have more sig figs than the lowest
number of sig figs found in the numbers used.
In multi-step calculations you should not round until you reach the final
answer.

Do not forget to round your number appropriately!


Look at these examples:
(1) Convert 102345 to 3 sig figs.
You look to the 4th significant digit which is 3. As this is less than 5,
it is small enough to ignore.
The answer is 102000 (to 3sf).
(2) Convert 0.00132475 to 4 sig figs.
You look to the 5th significant digit which is 7. As this is 5 or greater,
it is too big to ignore. You round up the previous digit by 1.
The answer is 0.001325 (to 4sf).
Exercise 8: Significant figures
1. Explain why 3.99521 to 3 sig figs is 4.00.

2. To how many significant figures are the following quoted?

(a) 2048 (d) 0.00395

(b) 9.00043 (e) 0.05030

(c) 0.0008 (f) 650000

3. Re-write the following to the number of significant figures required.

(a) 5462 (to 2sf) (d) 0.039214 (to 3sf)

(b) 20543 (to 2sf) (e) 0.0056972 (to 3sf)

(c) 1.5952 (to 3sf) (f) 470356 (to 3sf)

4. Calculate the following to an appropriate number of significant


figures.

(a) 3.854 + 2.06

(b) 6.52 - 2.7

(c) 1.48 x 6.2

(d) 19.5 ÷ 0.284

Mark /16
(9) Standard form
(or scientific notation)
Chemists encounter numbers that can encompass an enormous range.
For example, there are 1 700 000 000 000 000 000 000 water molecules
in a drop of water, but a water molecule is approximately
0.000 000 000 15 m long (both values to 2 sig figs).
To make these numbers easier to write and to get a better sense of their
size, scientists use standard form or scientific notation to represent them.

A number in standard form has the shape A x 10n


·
where A = a number between 1 and 9.9
n = ± a whole number
(tells us how many places to move the decimal point.
To convert from standard form back to longhand form:
+ moves the decimal point to the right; – to the left)

For big numbers, eg 100 000 = 1.0 x 105, n is a positive number.

The decimal point lies here It moves 5 places to the


in standard form. right in the longhand form.

For small numbers, eg 0.00001 = 1.0 x 10-5, n is a negative


number.

The decimal point moves 5 places The decimal point lies here
to the left to arrive here in the in standard form.
longhand form.

so we can say there are 1.7 x 1021 water molecules in a drop of water and

the length of a water molecule is 1.5 x 10-10 m.


Exercise 9: Standard form
1. Write the following numbers in standard form to 3 significant figures.

(a) 123456

(b) 45062

(c) 0.058345

(d) 0.000259631

2. Write the following numbers in longhand (“normal numbers”).

(a) 1.36 x 104

(b) 5.75 x 10-3

(c) 6.02 x 1023

(d) 1.60 x 10-19

Mark /8
Exercise 10: Rearranging algebraic equations

The following equations are all ones that you will eventually encounter at A Level
Chemistry. You don’t have to worry that you have not seen them before! However,
rearrange each equation for the given subject.

Extension: Find out when these equations are used.

Mark /8
(11) Maths quiz
This quiz makes use of the relationships between amount of
substance (moles) with mass, concentration and volumes of
chemicals. A few of you may have already encountered this at
GCSE, but you are not disadvantaged if you have not done
this before! All students should be able to solve this quiz as
all the formulae you need are provided below. You just need We dig Chemistry
to apply the skills practised in the last 3 exercises.

You will need to use the 3 formulae below to complete this exercise. You
may have to rearrange them as appropriate.

If you are keen to get ahead, learn these formulae before September! However,
you will be given the opportunity to learn this from scratch when you start your A
Level course.
Exercise 11: Maths quiz
You will need the formulae given on the previous page to answer these
questions.
Set out your workings for each answer clearly, so that any errors can be
identified more easily.

A. Find the amount, in mol, of NaCl in 10.0g of NaCl, given its molar
mass is 58.5 g mol-1. Give your answer to 3sf.

…………….………………………. mol

B. Find the volume, in cm3, of 4.246 x 10-4 mol of a gas, given the
molar volume is 24000 cm3 mol-1. Give your answer to 4sf.

…………….………………………. cm3

C. A 0.330 dm3 can of Coke contains 0.102 mol sucrose. What is the
concentration, in mol dm-3, of sucrose in this can of Coke?
a. Give your answer
to 3sf.

..….………………………. mol dm-3


D. 76,000 cm3 CO2 was collected in an experiment at room temperature
and pressure (RTP). The molar volume of any gas is 24000 cm 3 mol-1
at RTP. What is the amount, in mol, of CO 2 collected in this
experiment? Give your answer in standard form to 5sf.

…………….………………………. mol
E. A chemist needs 1.25 x 10-3 mol of KMnO4 in an experiment. He has a
solution of KMnO4 of 2.25 x 10-2 mol dm-3 concentration.
i. Calculate the volume, in dm3, of this solution he needs to 3sf.

…………….………………………. dm3

ii. The molar volume of gases changes according to temperature.


Find the molar volume, in cm3 mol-1, of a gas at 0°C if 0.125
mol of this gas occupied a volume of 2800 cm3. Give your
answer to 3sf.

…………….………………………. cm3 mol-1

F. 0.2000g (5.414 x 10-4 mol) of an illegal drug caused death by


overdose. Deduce the molar mass, in g mol-1 , of this drug. Give your
answer to 4sf.

…………….………………………. g mol-1

G. Sulfur dioxide emitted from industry produces sulfuric acid when it reacts with
rain water. A lake of volume 4.0 x 1014 dm3 was found to have a sulfuric acid
concentration of 5.2 x 10-5 mol dm-3. Calculate the amount, in mol, of H2SO4
present in this lake. Give your answer in standard form to 2sf.

…………….………………………. mol
H. In 2000, 1.94 x 108 mol of aspirin was consumed worldwide. The molar mass
of aspirin is 180 g mol-1. Calculate the mass, in tonnes, of aspirin consumed
in 2000. (1 tonne = 1 x 106 g)
Give your answer to 2sf.

…………….………………………. tonnes

I. The average concentration of NaCl in the oceans is 0.60 mol dm -3. The volume
of water in the oceans is approximately 1.3 x 109 km3. Find, to 2sf, the amount,
in mol, of NaCl found in the world’s oceans. (1 km 3 = 1 x 1012 dm3)

…………….………………………. mol

Mark /20
Summary exercise
(12) Correct the errors

A teacher asked several groups of students to prepare samples of salts


and to write up their experiments. Some of the students also carried out
chemical calculations.
The relationship between amount of substance, n, in mol; mass of
substance, m, in g; and molar mass (mass of one mole of substance, M)
in g mol-1 is:

amount (in mol) = mass (in g)


molar mass (in g mol-1)

Here are the students’ accounts. Identify the errors and correct them.
There may be mistakes in the chemistry, the chemical formulae, the use
of words, the calculations, or the representation of the numbers. You may
assume that all balance readings are correct, as are statements in italics.

(a) Making copper(II) sulfide (Hint: You should find 7 errors.)

We decided to make copper(II) sulfide by reacting copper(II) oxide with


sulfuric acid. The equation for the reaction is:
CuO + 2HSO4 → Cu(SO4)2 + H2O

We weighed out 0.6g (2sf) copper(II) oxide (an excess) and added
enough sulfuric acid to react with most of the copper(II) oxide. We
filtered off the unreacted copper(II) oxide and obtained a clear solution of
copper(II) sulfide. We left the solution in an evaporating dish for a week
and obtained blue molecules of copper(II) sulfide. The mass of our
copper(II) sulfide was 1.55g (3sf) or 1.5g (2sf).
(b) Making potassium nitrate (Hint: You should find 7 errors.)

We reacted potassium carbonate with nitric acid to make potassium


nitrate. The equation for the reaction is:
KCO3 + H2NO3 → KNO3 + H2CO3

In this reaction potassium elements replaced the hydrogen atoms in the


acid to make the potassium nitrate salt. We obtained 0.65g of potassium
nitrate molecules (molar mass 101.1g mol-1). This amount of potassium
nitrate is 6.43 x10-3 mol = 0.0643 mol (3sf).

(c) Making magnesium chloride

Magnesium chloride is an ionic compound made up of magnesium ions


and chlorine ions. We made magnesium chloride by reacting magnesium
ribbon with hydrochloric acid.
Mg2 + 4HCl → 2MgCL2 + 4H

We added pieces of magnesium compound to hydrochloric acid in a test-


tube until all the acid was used up. We knew the acid had all reacted
because there was no more fizzing and some magnesium molecules were
left. We found that we had used 0.08g (2sf) of magnesium metal (molar
mass 24.3g mol-1) which is 1.94 mol of magnesium. Our teacher said we
should expect the same amount of magnesium chloride (molar mass
95.3g mol-1) as the amount of magnesium used. We were disappointed
that we only obtained 0.31g (2sf) of magnesium chloride.
Practical work
(A) Making observations
Chemistry is a practical science. As part of your A Level course, you will
need to demonstrate ability in carrying out experiments, recording results,
processing data and evaluating the practical procedures.
How much detail should we give in observations?
The purpose of recording observations is to allow other scientists to know
what to expect and to be able to reproduce and verify your results.
You need to record:
the appearance (including colour and state) of your starting
materials;
the appearance (including colour and state) of your final product;

plus any interesting observations during the reaction, such as


effervescence (bubbling), intermediate colours, smell of any gas
evolved, temperature change of the mixture.
Examples
(a) Dissolving sugar in water
A white crystalline solid was added to a colourless liquid to form a
colourless solution.
(b) Limescale forming in a kettle after boiling tap water
A white precipitate formed when a colourless solution was heated.
(c) Making tea with loose tea leaves
A hot colourless liquid was added to a black solid to form a brown
solution. The black solid remained.
(d) Making a blackcurrant vitamin C drink with a fizzy tablet
A pink solid was added to a colourless liquid. Effervescence
occurred and a purple solution formed.
Solution or liquid? Solid or precipitate?
A liquid is a melted solid. A solid is a state of matter.
A solution is a mixture where a A precipitate is a solid that forms from a
substance (the solute – may be solution. It was not present at the start of
solid, liquid or gas) has been the reaction.
dissolved into a liquid (the solvent).
A precipitate may be correctly described as
If you know something has been a solid, but it is incorrect to call a solid that
dissolved into water, describe it as a was present at the start and end of a
solution. reaction a precipitate.
Solutions are always clear (see- You can tell if a precipitate has formed if a
through), so it is redundant to solution stops being clear (transparent)
describe them as “clear solutions”. even if there are no obvious lumps of solid.
If a solution has no colour, ie looks Eg carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy
like water, you must describe it as because it causes a white precipitate of
colourless. calcium carbonate to form.
Observations exercise
Watch the video: https://youtu.be/F-gspJFPzxo
Record your observations of the different reactions in the table below.

Expt Observations Mark

Mark /20
Glossary
Use the information from this pack to write down the meaning of the
following terms and LEARN THEM!!!

Atom

Element

Molecule

Compound

Ion

Ionic bonding

Covalent bond

Acid

Salt

Base

Alkali

Effervescence

Precipitate

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy