CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS
According to Shraddha Erandole “A good design is achievable only with quality
materials and hence materials are the solution to a good functioning building. The
quality of construction is majorly dependent on the materials utilized. The building
materials you pick will define the overall durability, endurance, and character of the
building.”

Submitted by:

ALEXANDRA FAYE L. LEGO

UI-FA1-BSCE3-2

CIE 043 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING

 CONSTRUCTION
DEFINITION USAGE
MATERIALS
● Concrete is generally used to
Concrete is A matrix of cementitious construct homes and business
binder, typically asphalt, and a structures, as well as related
dispersed phase, or "filler," of installations like carports and
aggregate, typically a rocky material, sections
loose stones, and sand, an artificial ● It is used especially in beams,
composite material. slabs and as a foundation in
building structures.

● It is normally utilized for the

outlining or skeletal design of
structures. Due to its durability and
Steel is perhaps the most well-known
strength, this material is ideal for
material utilized in development.
building construction.
Adulated for its flexibility, very high
● Steel can likewise be utilized for
rigidity and worth, it is generally
cladding or the outside finish of a
utilized in everything from private
structure.
development to structures high rises.
● In the construction of bridges and
other substantial structures, steel
beams are frequently utilized.

● Can be used as a structure material

for platforms, extensions, houses
Bamboo’s compressive strength is and structures.
twice higher than concrete, while the ● The primary components of most
rigidity is near steel. bamboo structures that serve as the
structural framework for walls are
the posts and beams.

Wood is one of the most involved

● Hardwoods are ordinarily utilized
regular structure materials on the
in the development of walls, roofs
planet. Various significant properties,
and floors, while softwoods are in
for example, low intensity conductivity,
many cases used to make
little mass thickness, moderately high
entryways, furniture and window
strength, manageability to mechanical
outlines.
working and so on. makes wood a well-
known material for building.

● Used as insulation material,

Glass at first remembered to have
structural component, and external
mystical properties, glass has made
glazing material.
considerable progress. It is perhaps the
● Involving glass in building
most flexible and most established
exteriors and insides upgrades the
material in the structure business.
climate.

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 ● It can enhance the beauty and
modernity of any structure.

Cement is an exceptionally valuable

● Used as a binder in concrete, and
restricting material in development. The
essential material for all types of
uses of concrete in different fields of
construction.
development have made it a vital
structural designing material.

Metal Sheet is metal framed into ● Used in exterior or interior home

dainty, level pieces, generally by a decor and also as a roofing
modern interaction. Sheet metal is one material.
of the central structures utilized in ● Used to keep the shape of
metalworking, and it very well may be architectural and structural parts by
cut and bowed into different shapes. holding them together.

Pipes utilized in building development

all have explicit purposes. For instance,
some kinds of pipes can be used for ● Used for water supply systems.
plumbing, while others are better for ● utilized as electric courses for
structural purposes. With regards to covered wiring.
involving these lines for some ● Different purposes, for example,
establishments, it's critical to think water supply, seepage, garbage
about the reason, since this can be removal made of various materials.
impacted by the primary channeling
material.

Ceramics are a material frequently

utilized in development, produced using
● Ceramic items for the development
a combination of minerals, commonly
area incorporate concrete and
silica sand, with a dirt folio and a few
concrete based materials, inside
pollutants, and up to 30% water. They
and outside tiles, clean product,
are fired at a temperature higher than
non-stubborn blocks, and other
that of bricks so that the silica re-
more intricate shapes like waste,
crystallizes into a glassy material with a
sewer, and fireplace lines and
higher density, strength, hardness,
linings.
resistance to chemicals and frost, and
dimensional stability than bricks.

● It is excellent for building

windows, door systems, exterior
Carbon fiber is a major area of
trim, decks, fences, columns,
strength for a tough material.
pergolas, and door systems.
The structure's lightweight makes
● Used as reinforcement but it is
material handling less labor-intensive.
light and highly durable and strong
as compared to reinforcement.

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 ● Used in external facades, roofs,
walls, windows, and doors.
Aluminum because of its inherent ● Aluminum is utilized in outer
lightness and resistance to corrosion, veneers, rooftops and walls, in
aluminum is frequently used in windows and entryways, in flights
construction. of stairs, railings, racks, and a few
other applications.

Foam or Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)

● Used for its lightweight, durable
is a superior presentation, practical and
properties in sealing and thermal
energy-effective, warm protection.
insulation applications.

Asphalt is a combination of black-top

concrete and totals, hot-blended in a
● Utilized for rooftops, coatings,
black-top plant and afterward laid hot to
floor tilings, soundproofing,
shape the surface course of an adaptable
waterproofing, and other structure
asphalt. Black-top clearing gives a
development components.
steady, protected and tough street
surface.

Adhesives are holding specialists.

● Used to join materials by sticking.
There are numerous applications for
adhesives in construction.

● Used to form parts of buildings,

typically walls.
Brick are small rectangular blocks that
● Common use today for the
are usually made of clay, but they can
construction of walls and paving
also be made of concrete and calcium
and for more complex features
silicate.
such as columns, arches, fireplaces
and chimneys.

Cavity Wall Insulation an outer

texture of a structure can be a critical
● To diminish heat misfortune
wellspring of intensity, misfortune or
through a pit wall by occupying
gain. Consequently, the structure
the air space with material that
guidelines determine least principles
restrains heat move.
that should be accomplished in the
development of new structures.

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Gravel is a loose collection of small,
● Used for road construction, for
varying-sized rock fragments. It has a
mixing with asphalt, and as
great many applications in the
construction fill.
development business.

Nylon is a polymer whose molecular

structure is constructed from a large ● Used for dragging and lifting.
number of similar units that are bonded ● Can be utilized in numerous
together using polyamides that are construction-related applications.
either aliphatic or semi-aromatic.

Paint is a fluid or mastic material that

can be applied to surfaces to variety,
secure and give surface. They are
● Used to protect all sorts of
typically put away as a fluid and dry
buildings and structures from the
into a flimsy film after application.
effects of water and sun.
Paints can be decorative, used on the
spot, or industrial, used in factories as
part of the manufacturing process.

Some of the most common uses of

plywood include:

● Light partition or external walls.

Plywood is a product made of
● Formwork.
engineered sheet timber that is widely
used in construction. ● Furniture.
● Flooring.
● Structural systems.
● Light doors and shutters.

● Utilized as underlying fill for street

Fly Ash Used to improve the strength
development and fly debris can be
and segregation of the concrete and
utilized to make blocks, clay tiles,
make it easier to pump.
mortar

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 ● Used for paving of roads,
Stone or rock, is a natural material that
footpaths, and open spaces around
is extracted from the earth and used in a
buildings.
variety of construction projects.
● It can also be used in roofing.

Limecrete is a mix of normal pressure ● For soil stabilization in roads,

driven lime and lightweight total like earthen dams, airfields, and
sharp sand or glass strands. building foundations.

Mortar is one of the oldest building

materials, making it possible to build
● To tie building materials like
large structures from small, simple
blocks and stones into a strong
parts. It is made from a blend out of a
mass.
fine total (regularly sand), a fastener
● To complete pointing and
(normally concrete, however once in a
plasterwork on uncovered surfaces
while lime or a mix of lime and
of brick work.
concrete) and water. This mix makes a
● To frame an even and delicate
glue that is utilized in workmanship
sheet material layer for building
development as a sheet material and
units.
cement to tie and fill the holes between
● To shape joints of lines.
contiguous blocks of block, concrete or
stone.

Sand is a type of naturally occurring ● Used to give bulk, strength, and

material made up of rock, coral, shells, other properties to construction
and other small particles that are materials like asphalt and concrete.
granular, loose, and broken up. and also ● It can also be used in its raw form
a major component for rendering. as a decorative material in
landscaping.

● Can be utilized instead of glass in

Polycarbonate is a straightforward various window and bay window
thermoplastic with carbonate useful applications. Polycarbonate boards
gatherings. Its high strength makes it and sheets permit regular light to
impervious to effect and crack. It is enter a structure, and they can
lightweight so it is a magnificent choice likewise be colored, diminishing
to glass. The PC is softened and the daylight that reflects inside a
constrained into a form with high strain structure and assisting with
to give it the ideal shape. limiting inside cooling costs in the
late spring.

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Tiles in the current situation are an
essential component in bringing
building inside as well as outside ● To cover surfaces like roofs,
getting done and excellence. They are floors, and walls.
primarily composed of clay or any ● Can be utilized as straightforward
inorganic raw material. Tiles are now and useful or improving and
also made from recycled materials, elaborate
making the product more eco-friendly.

Wood Finishing is the most common

● It is used to furnish and the wood
way of securing and finishing wooden
may look representable as an
surfaces which shows up more
interior design.
extravagant and more profound.

Hollow block are substitutes for

traditional blocks and stones in building ● Various purposes such as the
development. They are lighter than construction of load-bearing walls,
bricks, easier to place, and save money retaining walls, partitions and
on the cost of the foundation and foundations.
cement use.

Bitumen is a result of unrefined

● Used for road construction,
petroleum that is utilized to tie black-
roofing, damp proofing,
top together when utilized for projects,
waterproofing, and other
like clearing streets or material. It is
applications.
utilized due to its adhesive properties
and resistance to oil and water damage.

Aggregate is a general class of coarse-

● Used in construction to provide
to medium-grained particulate material
drainage, fill voids, protect pipes,
utilized in development, including sand,
and provide hard surfaces.
rock, squashed stone, slag, reused
concrete and geosynthetic totals.

Nails development nails are steel,

frequently with a surface covering of
some sort. Numerous development nails
● Most commonly used to fasten
are covered with a flimsy layer of vinyl,
pieces of wood together.
which goes about as an ointment while
●
driving the nail. Nails can likewise be
covered with phosphate to further
develop their holding power.

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Marble because of the presence of
● Used principally in buildings and
calcite, it has been found that marble
monuments, interior decoration,
severs more effectively than limestone.
sculpture, tabletops and many
Marble is as yet involved today as an
more.
embellishing development material.

● Can be utilized either

Mud is a material that can coat, seal, or
straightforwardly to build walls or
adhere materials and is semi-fluid.
as packed mud blocks.

Chipboard is a more efficient, denser

and more steady material than strong ● Used for floor decking, shelving,
lumber under different circumstances, and general building works.
specifically enduring the dryness ●
incited by focal warming frameworks.

Sanitary and Fittings or furniture that

has been attached and placed in various ● Used to seal two or more pipelines
parts of a building. They are together in a manner that meets the
permanently connected to a plumbing high hygienic standards of
system so that they can receive and regulatory agencies.
remove waste or water.

Water is perhaps the main component

in development yet individuals actually ● Used in the preparation of mortar,
overlook the quality part of this and concrete and for curing work.
component..

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Primer offer burden bearing primary
help to a structure, as well as parallel
● Used for better adhesion of paint to
and shear protection from wind and
the surface, increases paint
seismic burdens. They can also be made
durability.
to be used as an insulation substrate,
● Also used for UPVC spray
with a separate structural frame that can
painting.
carry loads and is usually made of
wood.

Straw-bale offer burden bearing

primary help to a structure, as well as
parallel and shear protection from wind
and seismic burdens. They can also be ● Used to provide load-bearing
made to be used as an insulation structural support to a building.
substrate, with a separate structural
frame that can carry loads and is
usually made of wood.

Rubber is also known as an elastomer,

and both natural and chemical
processes are used to produce it from ● Used in external facade, roofs,
rubber trees. The former is known as walls, windows, and doors.
synthetic rubber, and the latter as
natural rubber.

Gypsum is a delicate sulfate mineral

made out of calcium sulfate dihydrate.
It is mined all over the world, and it is
● Used for plastering.
used for a variety of things, like
fertilizer, building material,
architectural and sculpture applications,
pharmaceuticals, and food additives.

Gypsum board intended to give a solid

surface when joints and latch heads are
● Used as a finish for walls and
covered with a joint treatment
ceilings.
framework, gypsum items likewise give
● Also used as a heat insulator.
sound control, economy, flexibility,
quality, and comfort.

Hempcrete is one that effectively

passed as an elective structure material.
It acts in a way harmless to the
● Used for walls and roofs.
ecosystem way through its entire
lifecycle — in its developing plant
stage, hemp retains carbon dioxide; at
the point when utilized in development,

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it's a successful cover and a non-
poisonous material; and it can be
recycled and reused after demolition.

Steel Plate to support bridges'

foundations and aid in strengthening
building foundations. They're
● Used in roofing.
additionally a fundamental part of most
pre-created homes, including the new,
popular "minimalistic homes."

Wood Planks timber that is flat,

elongated, and rectangular with parallel ● Used as temporary platforms on
faces that are higher and longer than supported scaffolds.
wide.

Wire Rope is a complex mechanical

gadget that has many complex
● Used for lifting high loads with the
components, generally working pairs to
aid of construction vehicles.
help backing and move an item or
burden.

Plastic sheets offer great insurance for

property insides against outside
components, for example, unsafe UV
beams, wind, downpour, snow, and the ● Used as a roof as well as a light
sky's the limit from there. In addition, ventilator.
they provide additional insulation,
helping to maintain optimal temperature
control within your home.

Copper is a delicate, pliable, malleable ● Utilized in the development

metal with high warm and electrical business to frame lines and tubing
conductivity and great protection from for consumable water
consumption because of the defensive dissemination and warming and
patina that structures on its surfaces. cooling frameworks.

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Liquid Waterproofing Gel the process
of applying a liquid coating to a surface ● Are specifically used for making
or object to make it water resistant concrete or mortar waterproof.
under certain conditions.

Railings are used to provide safety,

support, and separation on a variety of
surfaces, including stairs, balconies,
galleries, decks, and walkways. ● Used on the terrace for protection.
Railings can be produced using an
exceptionally extensive variety of
materials: Created or solid metal.

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