As we have discussed in the preceding lesson, human mind is capable of identifying and organizing patterns. We were also to realized that there are structures and patterns in nature that we don't usually draw attention to. Likewise, we arrived at a position that in nature, some things follow mathematical sequences and one of them follow the Fibonacci sequence. We noticed that these sequences is observable in some flower petals, on the spirals of some shells and even on sunflower seeds. It is amazing to think that the Fibonacci sequence is dramatically present in nature and it opens the door to understand seriously the nature of sequence.Sequence Sequence refers to an ordered list of numbers called terms, that may have repeated values. The arrangement of these terms is set by a definite rule. (Mathematics in the Modem World, 14'* Edition, Aufmann, RN. et al.). Cosider the given below example: Al 3, 5, Tens (1term) (2 term) (3% term) (4 term) As shown above, the elements in the sequence are called terms. It is called sequence because the list is ordered and it follows a certain kind of pattern that must be recognized in order to see the expanse. The three dots at the end of the visible patterns means that the sequence is infinite.Arithmetic sequence. It is a sequence of numbers that follows a definite pattern. To determine if the series of numbers follow an arithmetic sequence, check the difference between two consecutive terms. If common difference is observed, then definitely arithmetic sequence govemed the pattern. To clearly illustrate the arrangement, consider the example below: 2, 4, 6 8 10, 12 a Notice in the given example above, the common difference between two consecutive terms in the sequence is two, The common difference is the clue that must be figure out in a pattern in order to recognize it as an arithmetic sequence.Geometric sequence. If in the arithmetic sequence we need to check for the common difference, in geometric sequence we need to look for the common ratio. The illustrated in the example below, geometric sequence is not as obvious as the arithmetic sequence. All possibilities must be explored until some patterns of uniformity can intelligently be struck. At first it may seemed like pattern less but only by digging a little bit deeper that we can finally delve the constancy. That is 2,2, ... generate 4, 4, 4.... 8’ 32’ 128,’ 2 8 32, 126) cums Naa NeaHarmonic Sequence. In the sequence, the reciprocal of the terms behaved in a manner like arithmetic sequence. Consider the example below and notice an interesting pattern in the series. With this pattern, the reciprocal appears like arithmetic sequence. Only in recognizing the appearance that we can finally decode the sequencing the govern the series. 1 1 7 2O+1=14 0,1,1 144 0,4,1,2 ’ 1+2 0,1, 1,2, 3 : 2+3=5 0,1, 1,2, 3,5 5 Notice that the number 2 is actually the sum of 1 and 1. Also the 5 term which is number § is based on addition of the two previous terms 2, and 3. That is the kind of pattern being generated by the Fibonacci sequence. It is infinite in expanse and it was once purely maintained claim as a mathematical and mental exercise but later on the it was observed that the ownership of this pattern was also being claimed by some species of flowers, petals, pineapple, pine cone, cabbages and some shells. 1,1, 2,3, 5, 8, 13, 21, ...To explore a little bit more about the Fibonacci sequence, the location of the term was conventionally tagged as Fib(n). This means that Fib(1)=1, Fib(2)=1, Fib(3)=2 and Fib(4)=3. In this method, the Fib(n) is actually referring to the the nth term of the sequence. It is also possible to make some sort of addition in this sequence. For instance: Fib (2) + Fib (6) = _? Fib(2) refers to the 2" term in the sequence which is “4”. And Fib(6) refers to the 6" term which is “8”. So, the answer to that equation is simply “9”Formula for computing for the nth term in the Fibonacci Sequence Xn = @" = (1-o)" \5 Where: Xn stands for the Fibonacci number we're looking for N stands for the position of the number in the Fibonacci sequence @ stands for the value of the golden ratio Let us try for example: What is the 5'" Fibonacci number? By using the formula we'll get:The amazing grandeur of Fibonacci sequence was also discovered in the structure of Golden rectangle. The golden rectangle is made up of squares whose sizes, surprisingly is also behaving similar to the Fibonacci sequence Take a serious look at the figure The Golden Ratio wt 2, 3, 5, | er‘As we can see in the figure, there is no complexiy in forming a spiral with the use of the golden rectangle starting from one of the sides of the first Fibonacci square going tothe edges of each of the next squares. This golden rectangle shows that the Fibonacci sequence is not only about sequence of numbers of some sort but it is also a geometric sequence observing a rectangle ratio. The spiral line generated by the ratio is generously scatiered ‘round fom infinite to infinitesimal 34 2 DS