RCCOUPLED AMPLIFIER

characteristics of an RC coupled amplifier.

Object-To study the frequency response
(single stage), multimeter, signal generator.
Apparatus required-RC coupled amplifier
of the applied
amplifier is a amplifies or increases magnitude or current ) is
device which
Principle-An voltage
If a small signal ( weak alternatingVarious
input voltage, current or power. it amplified. parts of the
emitter of a transistor, gets
applied between base and
amplifier are described below-
Resistance Rs is
between base and emitter.
connected to the amplifier Cp.
() Input signal is source. The input signal
is in series with capacitor
the signal the
the internal resistance of the input stage of
current of the collector circuit from reaching
It blocks the direct
of the transistor by
voltage
amplifier. which is used for self biasing
2) R and Rs is
an arrangement
stabilization. CE is
the
divider method. emitter circuit for Q point
resistance connected
in the the amplified
current.

(3) RE is a alternating component of

undesired
which blocks current flows in
the collector
bypass capacitor which output amplified
resistance a c r o s s
(4) Rc is the the amplifier in
circuit. which blocks
direct current of
second unit
is called the coupling
capacitor
amplifier and hence to the
(5) Cc resistance Ri single stage
the load
reaching a c r o s s of cascade amplifier. of 6 volt
in case
is provided by means

of similar amplifier collector emitter

circuit
reverse bias to the
(6) Required NPN transistor. is defined as:

battery to the of the amplifier

curve- Voltage gain
Frequency Response Voul
of the amplifier
Output voltage
Voltage gain= Vin
of the amplifier
Input voltage
ofh-parameters
emitter amplifier
in terms
common
stage
of the single stage
Voltage gain
is given by - hie

Av Zin(hoet 1RL)

differ in phase by
180
indicates that output and input voltage
Negative sign the amplifier
where Ay voltage gain of in common emitter
hpeforward
current gain ofamplifier
configuration
Zininput impedance(= hie) different
condensers formed between
includes various
admittance which
hoe output
elements o f transistor.

R load resistance
 depends on the reactance of coupling condenser Ce
Hence voltage gain of the amplifier elements of the transistor
which are formed between different
d output capacitance C, and due to this
Reactance of condenser varies
with frequency of the applied voltage
varies with frequency of the input voltage
as
r e a s o n voltage gain of the amplifier
which represents variation of the gain of
represented in the graph. The graph
of the applied signal is called frequency
amplifier with variation in frequency
response curve.

falls to 70.7% or 1W2

Band Width-The frequencies at which gain of the amplifier
times of the maximum gain are known as the cut off frequencies denoted by fi & f
in the graph. The diference of upper cut off frequency f2 and lower cut off frequency fi is
called the band width.

Nature of the frequency response curve can be understood as below-

At midfrequency ranger- In this range, effect of coupling condenser Cc and output

condenser C, can be neglected. Reactance of C[X= 1/ 27t fCe ] is very small, since Ce
is connected in series ( low reactance in series) it may be neglected so the effect of Ce can
be neglected in this frequency range, The reactance of C% [ Xo=. 1/27 f C% ]
has a high value as Co is very small. But Co being connected in parallel may be neglected
in equivalent circuit (high reactance in parallel may be neglected).Hence the equivalent
circuit of RC coupled amplifier does not contain condensers in the mid frequency range
hence the voltage gain remains constant.

At low frequency range-In this range voltage gain of the amplifier decreases due to
following reasons-

(1) Reactance of coupling condenser Ce becomes very high and its effect can not be
neglected in the lower frequency range. Due to high reactance of Ce the output current
passing to RL decreases and as a result output voltage and consequently voltage gain of
the amplifier decreases.

(2) Reactance of condenser CE connected in the emitter circuit becomes very high and
can not shunt the emitter resistance
properly. The voltage drop across the emitter
resistance makes the emitter less forward biased so the collector current or the output
voltage reduces hence the voltage gain also reduces.

At high frequeney range- In this range effect of couplinig condenser Ce is neglected

while effect of condenser can not be neglected as its reactance Xo= 1/2n
f Co
becomes very small and small reactance in parallel can not be neglected. Due to this
loading effect voltage gain of the amplifier reduces at high frequencies.
 Procedure-
(1) Apply the output of the audio oscillator to the input of the RC coupled amplifier
2) Adjust the frequency of the audio signal at 20 hertz and measure thesignalat the
input of the amplifier. Adjust the voltage to a convenient value (say 0.5 volts)
with the help of the knob provided in the oscillator.
(3) At this frequency, measure the output of the amplifier.
(4) Now increase the frequency of the signal stepwise at a difference of 10 Hz up to
100Hz.Repeat the process outlined above.(check the input signal at every
because the of causes the variation of signal strength
frequency
frequency change
of the oscillator).
100 Hz to
(6) It is convenient to take the frequency difference of 100 Hz in the ---100OHz
range
1000 Hz i.e. take observations for 100Hz, 200Hz,300Hz-
3000Hz.
1000Hz -10000Hz i.e. 1000Hz, 2000Hz,
Again in the range
--10000Hz.
limit of audible range i.e.20,000 Hz.
(6) Take observations up to the upper
for each frequency and draw,
(7) Calculate voltage gain i.e. Output Voltage
Input Voltage
response c u r v e on the semi log graph paper.
frequency
Input voltage =

Observations FrequencY Output voltage Voltage gain

Voltage gain S.No.
S.No. Frequency Output voltage (inHertz) (in volt)
(inHertz) in volt) 700
20 800
B0 900
40 T000
50 19 2000
3000
60 20
70 21 4000
5000
80
6000
90
7000
100
8000
200
10 9000
300 6 10000
400 7
20000
500 28
600
L14

is shown in the graph.

Result- response
curve

The frequency

Highest voltage gain

Band width=
low. value.
Precautions- siould be kept at s a m e
voltage step and kept considered.
(1) Input checked at every should be
should be 20,000 Hz)
Hz to
(2) Input voltage range (from 20
audio frequency
(3) Only
 Veya ie Band oidth
Yege- yonge
Veloge Uoltage
oLn

Freene
Freaenet
LFreueey Response Curve)

-o+Vce

Ce

R utput

A.C. Tnpat C
Signal

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