DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

BIT, MESRA, RANCHI

MA2201 Advanced Engg. Mathematics Session: SP/ 2017

Tutorial Sheet No. -- 1

MODULE – I
1. Consider the two functions f ( x )  x 3 and g( x )  x 2 x on the interval [  1,1]

a) Show that their Wronskian W (f, g) vanishes identically.

b) Show that f and g are not linearly independent.

2. Show that the solutions e x , e  x and e 2 x of y   2 y   y   2 y  0 are linearly independent and
hence or otherwise solve the equation.
3. Show that y  c1 x  c 2 x 2 is the general solution of x 2 y   2 xy   2 y  0 on any interval not
containing 0, and find the particular solution for which y (1)  3 and y (1)  5
4. Show that the Wronskian of the functions x2, x2 logx is non zero. Can these functions be
independent solutions of ordinary differential equations; if so determine this equation.
Solve the following differential equations:

y   4 y  sin 3 x  e x
5x 3
5.

y   2 y   y  xe sin x
x
6.

y   y  x sin x  (1  x ) e
2 x
7.

( D  2 D  1) y  x cos x
4 2 2
8.

( D  4) y  x sin x
2
9.

y   a y  sec ax
2
10.

y   2 y   4 y  e sin 3 x
x
11.
2
d y dy
x  3 y  cos(log x )  x sin(log x )
2
12. x 2
dx dx
2
d y dy
(3 x  2 )  5(3 x  2 )  3y  1 x  x
2 2
13. 2
dx dx

14. Verify that y1  x 2 is one solution of x 2 y   xy   4 y  0, and find second solution y 2 and the general
solution.

x ) y   2 y  0 , given that y  cot x is one solution.

2
15. Solve (sin
 Verify that one of the solution of the equation (1  x ) y   x y   y  0 is y  x , and find another
2
16.
solution valid in  1  x  1 .
Solve the following differential equations by transformation (or change) of independent variable.

y   (cot x ) y   (sin x ) y  cos x  cos x

2 3
17.

x y   y   4 x y  8 x sin x
3 3 2
18.

y   ( 3 sin x  cot x ) y   2 y sin xe

2 cos x 2
19. sin x

y   tan xy   cos xy  0
2
20.
MODULE – II
Solve the following differential equations by reducing to Normal Form:
x y   2 ( x  x ) y   ( x  2 x  2 ) y  0
2 2 2
21.
1 2
(x 2x)
y   2 x y   ( x  2 ) y  e 2
2
22.

y   2 tan xy   3 y  e sec x
x
23.
Solve the following differential equations by the variation of parameters:
y   (1  cot x ) y   (cot x ) y  sin
2
24. x

x y   xy   y  x e
2 2 x
25.

y   y '  sec x  tan x , | x |  / 2

2
26.
27. y ''' y   sec x

y '''- 6 y '' 11 y '- 6 y  e

2x
28.
29. Find the singular points of the following differential equations and classify them:

x y   ( x  x ) y   y  0
2 2
(a)

(b) x (1  x ) y   x (1  x ) y   ( x  1) y  0
3 2

(c) x 2  x  2  y   ( x  2) y   3 x 2 y  0
2

Find the series solution of the following differential equations:

(1  x ) y   4 x y   2 y  0 about x = 0
2
30.

31. 9 x 1  x  y   12 y   4 y  0 about x = 0

32. x  x  y   (1  5 x ) y   4 y  0
2
about x = 0

33. 4 xy   2 y   y  0 about x = 0

34. xy   y   2 y  0 with y (1)  2, y (1)  4 about x = 1

MODULE – III
35. Derive the solution of Bessel’s equation of order n : x 2 y   x y   ( x 2  n 2 ) y  0 and express
them in terms of Bessel’s functions

2 2
36. Prove that a) J 1 ( x )  sin x (b) J 1 ( x)  cos x
2 x 2 x

d d n n
[ x J n ( x )]  x J n 1 ( x ) J n ( x )]   x
n n
37. Prove that (a) (b) [x J n 1 ( x )
dx dx
 
38. Prove that (a) xJ n ( x )  nJ n ( x )  xJ n 1 ( x ) (b) xJ n
( x )   nJ n ( x )  xJ n 1
( x)

J  n ( x )  (  1) J n ( x ) 2 nJ n ( x )  x{ J n 1 ( x )  J n  1 ( x )
n
39. Prove that (a) (b)

2 3  x 
2
3
40. Prove that J 5 ( x)   sin x  cos x 
2 x  x 2
x 

 48  3 x 2   24 
41. Prove that J 4 ( x )   3
 J 1 ( x) 
 1  2  J 0 ( x )
 x   x 

42. Show that

d
 xJ n ( x ) J n 1 ( x )    2
x J n ( x )  J n 1 ( x )
2

dx

J 
2
x

2
xJ 0 ( x ) dx  ( x)  J 1 ( x)
2 2
43. Show that 0
2

44. If α and β are the roots of J n ( x )  0 , then show that

1 0,   

 xJ n ( x ) J n (  x ) dx   1
  J n  1 ( )  ,   
2
0
2

1
45. Prove that for integral n, J n ( x ) 
  Cos ( n   xSin  ) d 
0


 ax 1
46.  e J 0 ( bx ) dx 
a
2
b
2
0

47. Prove the following:

(a) ( 2 n  1) xP n ( x )  ( n  1) Pn 1 ( x )  nP n 1 ( x ) (b) Pn ( x )  xP n 1 ( x )  nP n 1 ( x )

48. Express x 4  3 x 2  6 x  1 in a series of Legendre’s polynomials.

n

49. Prove that Pn ( x )  n

1 d
n
( x 2
 1)
n

2 ( n! ) dx
 Pn (  x )  (  1) Pn ( x )
n
50. Show:

0, for n  odd


51. Prove that Pn ( 0 )   (  1) n / 2 n !
, for n  even
 n
 2 ( n / 2 ) !
2

1  0 , ifm  n

52. Prove that  Pm ( x ) Pn ( x ) dx   2
1  , ifm  n
 2n  1
1
2 n ( n  1)
x Pn  1 ( x ) Pn 1 ( x ) dx 
2
53. Prove that
1
( 2 n  1)( 2 n  1)( 2 n  3 )
1 n
Pn ( x ) 2t
54. Prove that  dx 
2n  1
(1  2 xt  t
2
1

55. Derive the solution of Hypergeometric equation:

x (1  x ) y   [ c  ( a  b  1) x ] y   aby  0 x  1, a , b , c constants,

in terms infinite convergent series about x  0 and express them in terms of Hypergeometric functions
as :
a .b a (1  a ) b ( b  1)
y1  F ( a , b , c ; x )  1  x x  ........., c  0,  1,  2 .......
2

1! c 2 ! c .(1  c )
1 c
y2  x F (a  1  c, b  1  c, 2  c ; x) c  2 ,3 , 4 .....

and the general solution solutions as

1 c
y  c1 F ( a , b , c ; x )  c 2 x F (a  1  c, b  1  c, 2  c ; x) c  0 , not an integer .

56. Prove that

1 x 
(a) (1  x )  F (  n , 1, 1 ; x )   2 x F (1 / 2 , 1, 3 / 3 ; x )
n 2
(b) ln 
 1  x 
57. Derive the solution of following differential equation in terms of Hypergeometric functions:
2 x (1  x ) y   (1  6 x ) y   2 y  0

Prove the following relations for Chebyshev polynomial T n ( x )  cos( n cos  1 x ) :

58. (a) T 2 ( x )  2 x 2  1 (b) T 3 ( x )  4 x 3  3 x


1  xt
 T ( x) t , t  0.
n
Prove the following relations using the generating function for T n ( x ) as n
1  2 xt  t
2
n0

59. Tn ( x)  Tn ( x) (b) T n  1 ( x )  T n 1 ( x )  2 xT n ( x )

60. (a) (1  x 2 )T n ' ( x )  n T n 1 ( x )  xT n ( x ) (b) T n ( x )2  T n 1 ( x )T n  1 ( x )  1  x
2

61. Prove the orthogonality of Chebyshev polynomials as :

 0 if m  n

1 1 

1
T m ( x )T n ( x ) dx   if m  n  0 ;
1 x 2
2

  if m  n  0

e ,
n
2 d x
2
Prove the following relations for the Hermite polynomial H n ( x )  (  1) n e x n
  x :
dx

(a) H 2 ( x )  4 x 2  2 H 3 ( x )  8 x  12 x
3
62. (b)


 H n ( x)  n
 
2
2 xt  t
Prove the following relations using the generating function for H n ( x ) as e  t
n0  n ! 


63. (a) 2 nH n 1
( x )  H n ( x ) (b) 2 xH n ( x )  2 nH n 1
( x )  H n 1 ( x )

64. Prove the orthogonality of Hermite polynomials as


x
2  0 if m  n
 e H m ( x ) H n ( x ) dx  
 2 ( n ! )  if m  n
 n

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MA2201 ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS (3_0_1_4)
Module I
Linear Differential Equations of Higher Order with constant coefficients. Differential Equations with Variable
Coefficients: Reducible to Equations with constant Coefficients:- Cauchy – Euler Differential Equation.
Legendre Linear Differential Equation. Solution of Differential Equation by transformation (or, change) of
Independent Variable. [5L]
Module II
Reduction of Differential Equation to Normal Form (by reducing the order of the Differential Equation).
Solution by the method of Variation of Parameters. Series Solution of differential Equations. [5L]
Module III
Bessel’s differential Equation and its General solution. Properties of Bessel’s Functions. Legendre’s Differential
Equation and Legendre Polynomials. Properties of Legendre Polynomials. Introduction to Hypergeometric
Equation. Introduction to Hermite Differential Equations. Introduction to Chebyshev Polynomials. [5L]
Module IV
Eigen Values and Eigen Functions. Sturm – Liouville Problems.
Periodic Functions. Dirichlet’s Conditions on Fourier Series. Euler’s Formulae for Fourier Coefficients. Half –
range Series. Fourier Series of Functions with Arbitrary period. [5L]
Module V
Function of Complex Variables. Limit, Continuity, Differentiability of a Complex Variable. Cauchy – Riemann
Differential Equations in Cartesian and Polar Forms. Analytic Function. Cauchy-Goursat theoeem, Cauchy’s
Integral Theorem. Cauchy’s Integral Formula. Morera’s theorem. [5L]
Module VI
Liouville’s theorem. The fundamental theorem of algebra. Taylor Series, Laurent Series. Residues, Poles,
Residue Theorem. Residue at Poles. Contour Integrals of Trigonometric ( 0 to 2 ) and Algebraic
Equations (   to  ) . Conformal Mapping and Bilinear Transformation. [5L]
Module VII
Partial Differential Equation, Lagrange’s Method, Homogeneous and Non-homogeneous Higher Order
Equations (with Constant Coefficients). One-dimensional Heat Equation. One dimensional Wave Equation
[5L]
Text Books:
1. Simmons G. F., Differential Equations with Applications and Historical Notes. TMH, 2nd ed., 2003.
2. R. V. Churchill and J. W. Brown, Complex Variables and Applications, 8th ed., 2009, McGraw – Hill.
3. Dennis G. Zill, Warren S. Wright, Advanced Engineering Mathematics,4th ed.2011
4. E. Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Jhon Wiley and Sons, 8th ed., 1999
Reference Books:
1. Edwards and Penney, Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems, Pearson Edu., 3rd ed.
2. Shepley L. Ross, Differential Equations Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 3rd ed.
3. Birkhoff and Rota, Ordinary Differential Equations, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4th ed.
4. Zill, Differential Equations, Thomson Learning, 5th ed., 2004
5. A.D. Wunsch, Complex Variables with Applications, Pearson Education Inc., 3rd ed.
6. M.J. Ablowitz and A.S.Fokas, Complex Variables Introduction and Applications, Cambridge Texts, 2nd ed.