oo 3 i UNC 666.972 : 691.32: 620.1 DEUTSCHE NORM Testing concrete Testing of fresh concrete Prifvertahren far Beton; Frischbeton This standard, together with DIN 1048, Part 5, June 1991 edition, supersedes DIN 1048 Part 1, December 1978 edition. In keeping with current practice in standards published by the International Organization for Standardization (iSO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker. This standard has been prepared by Section Vil Beton und Stahlbetonbau/Deutscher AusschuB fur Stahibeton of the NormenausschuB Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee). Dimensions in mm Contents. 1. Scope and field of application 1 2 Sampling ..... 1 2.1 Suitability testing : 1 22 Quality testing and testing of hardened concrete 23 Quantity of sample material 3 Testing 3.1 Concrete temperature 1 Scope and field of application This standard specifies methods of testing the con- sistence, density, water content and air content of freshly mixed concrete as defined in subclause 2.1 of DIN 1045, July 1988 edition, and in DIN 4232, ‘The assessment of test results and the requirements to ‘be met by concrete are covered in DIN 1045. 2 Sampling 24° Sultability testing") For suitability testing, the specimens shall be prepared {from separately mixed concrete. The concrete shall be mixed from the ms tended for use in the actual structure. Th and the concrete composition shall be recorded Once all the constituent materials have been added, the cconerete shall be thoroughly mixed in a DIN 459 mixer. ‘The type of mixer used, mixing time, ambient tempera- ture and concrete temperature shall be recorded. Sam- pling shall allow for the consistence measurements to be made at the intervals specified in DIN 1045. At all stages of sampling, the fresh concrete shall be pro- tected against the loss of water. The concrete shall be remixed immediately before making specimens for the particular test, which is to be carried out close to the mixing site, als. in- ‘origin *) Ct. subclause 7.4 of DIN 1045 for definitions ‘Bout Verlag GmbH, Barn, es te excuse ight ot ele for German Sanaa (MV Normen) 0689 3.2 Consistence 3.2.1 Flow table test 322 Compaction test 33 Density 34 Concrete composition 35 Air content 4 Test report Standards and other documents referred 10 2.2 Quality testing and testing of hardened ‘conerete") For quality testing and testing of hardened concrete, ‘specimens shall normally be taken on site from the con: crete intended to be used for a particular structural member, testing being performed close to the sam- pling site as soon as possible after sampling. When sampling from mixing trucks, samples shall be taken from the stream of material during discharge. It the fresh concrete sample has to be transported, it shall be protected against its losing or gaining water, and against the effect of frost, heat, etc. To this effect, the sample shall be transported in a sealed container, made of non-absorbent material, which shall be dampened before filling with concrete. The concrete shall be thoroughly remixed immediately before specimen preparation. 23 Quantity of sample material The quantity of sample material taken for each test shall be at least equal to 1,5 times the quantity of con- Crete required, but not less than 20 litres. 3 Testing The apparatus to be used for testing shall be checked at suitable intervals for compliance with the requirements {88 specified in the relevant subclauses and, where necessary, calibrated. Continued on pages 2 to 5 DIN 1048 Part 1_Engl. Price group 5 ‘Sales No, 0108Page 2 DIN 1048 Part 1 3.1 Concrete temperature ‘The fresh concrete temperature at a depth of not less than 5 om shall be measured, to the nearest 1°C, using a thermometer with a scale-intervals of 1°C or less, ap- proximately 30 seconds after inserting the thermom- ter, 32 Consistence The consistence of fresh concrete shall be determined either by the flow table test (cf. subclause 3.2.1) or by the compaction test (ct. subclause 3.2.2), the method Figure 1. Flow table, with mould and tamper being selected as a function of the consistence range a specified in DIN 1045 (cf. table 1). The same method shall be used for suitability and qual- ity testing For consistence ranges KP and KR, either the slump test as specified in ISO 4109 or, for consistence ranges KS and KP, the Vébé test as specified in ISO 4110 may be used to determine consistence, this being subject to agreement Table 1. Test method to be used as a function of consistence range [Maximum] Gonsistence range Test | particle method | sizeof |KS | KP | KR | KF lagoregate|(stitf) (plastic) (sot flowing) Flow table test vy |-| + f+] + Compaction) test 0) [+] + |wal - suitable; (}) sultable under certain conditions: ~ not suitable. 1) See DAfStb-Heft (DAIStb Brochure) 329 for con- Crete with aggregate of larger maximum size. 2) Applicable only to concrete with crushed aggre- gate, For general tolerances, accuracy grade sg as specified in DIN 7168 shall apply, Spacing blocks | | 00:2 Figure 2. Flow table Detail X Packing plates hh Th 30 |20| 12 Hinge‘As the consistence of fresh concrete is @ function of time, the elapsed time, in minutes, from the addition (of water during mixing to the beginning of the consist- ence test, shall be indicated (subscript to symbol; ct. subclauses 3.2.1.2 and 3.2.2.2) 3.2.1 Flow table test 3.2.1.4 Apparatus (1). Flow table with a plan area of (700 + 2)mm x (700 + 2) mm, consisting of a flat plate hinged to a rigid base frame. The plate (table top) shall be constructed from a 20 mm thick plywood board, bonded with a water-resistant adhesive, to which a 2mm thick hot dip galvanized steel plate is screwed. A handle shall be fixed centrally to the front of the table top, permit- {ing this to be raised smoothly and to fall freely. The total mass of the table top shall be 16g The base frame shall be constructed from 35mm x 80mm impregnated hardwood strips jointed by dowels or by tongue and groove. The frame shall be supported by three rigid PVC foot pieces, each 80 mm x 80 mm x 45 mm in size. One foot piece shall be mounted cen- trally on the hinged side and the others at the opposite corners of the frame. Four rigid PVC spacing blocks, measuring 80 mm x 80 mm x 15 mm each, shall be screwed to the front edges of the flow table, as shown in figure 2, two being fixed to the front corners of the table top and the other two to those of the base frame. Table top and base frame shall be connected by two stainless steel! hinges mounted in such a way that opposing spacing blocks are in full contact when the flow table is closed. Two toe plates spaced approxi- mately 500mm apart shall be fitted to the front of the frame so that their underside Is flush with the bottom face of the foot pieces. An upper stop shall be provided ‘on the frame, next to the handle, so that the lower front edge of the table top can only be raised (40 + 0,5) mm. ‘The centre of the table shall be scribed with a cross, the lines of which run parallel to and out to the edges of the plate, and with a central circle of (200 + 1)mm diameter. (2) Mould to receive the specimen material, made of sheet metal not thinner than 1,5 mm. its interior shall be smooth and free from projections. The mould shall be in the form of a hollow frustum of a cone having the following internal dimensions: diameter of base: (200 + 2) mm; diameter of top: (190 + 2) mm; height: (200 + 2) mm, ‘The base and top shall be open and parallel to each other and at right angles to the axis of the cone. The mould shall be provided with two metal foot pieces at the bottom and two handles above them (see fig- ure 1) Itis recommended that a collar be fitted in the mould (8) Wooden tamper with a cross-sectional area of approximately 1500 mm? and about 550 mm in length (4) Scoop with a capacity of approximately 0,61. (5) Rule, graduated in em, or DIN 862 vernier calliper. 3.24.2 Procedure Place the flow table on a flat, horizontal and solid sur- face, taking care to ensure that the table top can be raised to the correct limit of its travel and, when low- ered, that the surfaces of the spacing blocks come: into full contact with each other (ie. these must be clean and free from foreign matter). The table top and the internal surface of the mould shall be clean and DIN 1048 Part 1 Page 3 damp but free from superfluous moisture before the test is commenced. Place the mould centrally on the table top and hold it in position by standing on the two foot pieces. Carefully fll the mould to hall its depth with fresh concrete, allowing the concrete to slide off the scoop from different positions around the mould. Use a tamper to level off the concrete without compact. ing It. Filling shall be continued until the level of mate- rial is above the edge of the mould. Strike off the excess concrete flush with the upper edge of the mould without compacting it. Clean the free area of the table top whilst holding the ‘mould firmly in position. Then slowly raise the mould vertically by the handles and setit aside. Within 15 sec- nds following the removal of the mould, take up po: tion on the toe plates and then raise and drop the table 16 times, raising it smoothly so that there is no shock when it reaches the upper stop and then allowing it to fall by quickly releasing the upper handle. Alterna- tively, a suitable, smoothly operating mechanical device may be used to raise and release the table top. The entire operation from removal of the mould to the last drop shall be completed within 90 seconds. Criterion for assessment of the concrete behaviour is the spread of concrete across the table top during the test Using a vernier calliper, measure, to an accuracy of 5mm, the total diameter of the concrete spread in two directions, parallel to the table edges. The mean from these two values, given to the nearest 10mm, repre sents the flow, a, aS a measure of the consistence. Example 19 = 450mm means that the flow established ten minutes after the addition of water is 450mm. It the test does not produce a coherent concrete spread (which is indicated by a marked bleeding of water from the concrete, or segregation of grout or coarse aggre- gate at the perimeter of the specimen), or if the two values obtained deviate by more than 50 mm, the test shall be repeated using a similar concrete specimen, It, in two consecutive tests, the concrete spread is not coherent, or the diameters measured deviate by more than 50mm, the flow table test shall be deemed invs lid, in which case ‘disintegrated’ shall be given in the test report 3.22 Compaction test 3.221 Apparatus (1) Container made of sheet metal of 25mm thickness. ‘or more, with base dimensions of (200 + 2) mm x (200 + 2) mm and a height of (400 + 2) mm (ct. figure 3). The container shall be open at the top, the bottom being perforated to facilitate emptying. During the tost, the bottom of the container shall be covered with a plastic film of not more than 1 mm thickness so as to avoid any loss of water or mortar fines. (2) DIN 6440 (type B) trowel, 180 mm long, 95 mm wide at the front and 125 mm at the back. (3) Compacting apparatus (e.g. vibrating table) 3.222 Procedure Ensure that the internal surface of the container is clean and damp or lightly oiled and place it on a rigid surface, free from vibration and shock. Introduce fresh concrete into the container, until it is heaped above its upper edge, by tilting the trowel sideways from all four upper edges of the container in turn. Strike off the ex- cos material by means of a steel rule, so as to avoid any compacting effect. Compact the concrete in thePage 4 DIN 1048 Part 1 Figure 3, Container for slump test container, preferably using a vibrating table, until it does not settle any further. Ensure that no concrete is lost by spouting or leakage during this process (2.9. by covering the container with a steel plate not more than 10 mm thick). Ifthe surface of the concrete formed ‘on compaction is convex, it shall be levelled by tamping before determining the compactibility. The consistence, expressed in terms of compactibility (compaction index), v, is to be calculated as the ratio of height of the container (400) to height of the com- acted specimen, h, 1. 400/h = 400/(400 — 3) where s is the mean distance, in mm, from four meas- urements taken at the centre of each side of the con- tainer, between the top surface of the compacted specimen and the upper edge of the container (ct. fig- ure 3). The index is to be reported to the nearest 0,01 Example: ‘us = 1,28 means that the compaction index (as ‘@ measure of consistence) established 45 min- Utes after the addition of water is 1,26. 3.3 Density The density of fresh concrete shall be determined either with the concrete in the container described in ‘subclause 3.5.1 or in the course of specimen prepara- tion as specified in DIN 1048 Part 5, immediately after levelling off the surface of the compacted concrete. In cases of dispute, the former procedure shall be given preference, Where concrete is compacted by vibration or tamping, a collar may be placed on the mould. it shall be filed with concrete to give an excess of about 20 to 30 mm above the edge of the mould after compaction. The ex- cos material shall be struck off ‘The density is given by on = m/V where m is the mass of the compacted concrete in the mould, in kg, obtained by weighing the mould and its contents and subtracting the mass of the empty mould, and V is the volume of the mould, in m?. The density, og, shall be given to the nearest 10 kg/m?. 3.4 Concrete composition 3.41 General ‘The concrete composition may be determined as speci- fied in DIN 52 171 (at present at stage of draft) The water/cement ratio of fresh concrete can only be determined if this contains no additions and if the pro- portion of particles passing a 0,25 mm test sieve can be determined for an aggregate sample in accordance with DIN 4226 Part 3. The water content of concrete gives an indication of the uniformity of its composition. 3.4.2 Water content The water content of fresh concrete should be deter- mined not later than one hour after mixing. Weigh not less than 50004 of concrete, to the nearest ‘gramme, into a drying jar (mass my.) and dry the Specimen, under constant stirring, until no further lumps can be seen and vapour is no longer emitted, this being checked by holding a glass plate above t Jar. Heat shall be applied to the jar over an as large area as possible so that the specimen dries within 20 minutes. Allow the specimen to cool, and weigh it (mass mq;). Subtract m4; from myn tO establish the total water content of the specimen Repeat the test. Ifthe result obtained differs from that of the first test by more than 20 g, the test shall be carried out a third time. Assessment shall be based on the mean value of the results obtained from the two (or three) tests, taking the moisture content of the aggre- gate into consideration. If this is unknown, it may be determined in accordance with subclause 6.5 of DIN 52.171 3.5 Air content 3.51 Apparatus Flanged cylindrical container having a nominal capac- ity of BI and a ratio of diameter to height of appro» mately 1,2. The outer rim and upper surface of the flange and the interior surface of the container shall be machined to a smooth finish. Cover assembly consisting of a rigid flanged cover, with a standpipe fitted with a pressure relief valve, and a pressure gauge. The outer rim and lower sur- face of the flange as well as the sloping interior face of the cover shall be machined to a smooth finish. The cover shall have a means for being clamped to the container to provide for pressure-tight fit without entrapping air at the flanged joint between cover and container. The pressure gauge shall be calibrated to in- dicate air contents up to 6 % to an accuracy of 0,1 % land higher air contents, to an accuracy of 0,5 % ‘The method is applicable to fresh concrete made with heavy aggregate. The air content of concrete made with lightweight aggregates shall be determined by the volumetric method specified in ASTM C 173-78. 3.5.2 Procedure Following determination of density of the compacted concrete in accordance with subclause 3.3 (compac- tion being effected with a collar placed on the mould), place the cover assembly on the container, the rim of which has been cleaned, and close the apparatus. Fill the space between specimen and cover assembly with water, and bring the pressure in the apparatus to the specified value. Open the bleed valve to equalize the pressure between the ambient air and the contain- er, which will cause a pressure drop in the apparatus, and record the pressure gauge reading as a percen. tage, to the nearest 0,1 %. Where the air content of fresh concrete exceeds 6 %, read to an accuracy of 0,5 %.DIN 1048 Part 1. Page 5 4. Test report 8) place of testing: ‘The test report shall include the following information: _h)_conditions of storage until testing: a) name of supplier of concrete 1) type of mould used to determine the density: ) construction site; J) any use of a collar; 6) girutural_member for which concrete WAS 4) desired concrete properties 4) grade of concrete; 1) test results: individual and mean values; ©) date and ime of mixing, sampling end testing: ‘AY GEcurances that might have eect tho est alts f) place and method of sampling; resi Standards and other documents referred to DI 459 Conerete mixers; concepts, sizes and requirements bi 062 Verrier calipers: requirements and testing DIN 1048 structural use of conorete; design and constuction DIN 1048 Part 5 Testing concrete; testing of hardened concrete (specimens prepared in mould) DIN 4226 Part 3 Aggregates for concrete; testing of heavy and lightweight aggregates DIN 4232 No fines lightweight concrete walls; design and construction DIN 6440 Plasterer's floats DIN 7168 General tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and geometrical tolerances (not to be used for new designs) DIN 7954 Rolled hinges DIN 52.171 (at present at stage of draft) Determination of the composition of fresh concrete 180 4109:1991 Fresh concrete; determination of the consistency; slump test 180 4110:1981 Fresh concrete; determination of the consistency; Vébé test ASTM C 173-78 Standard test method for air content of freshly mixed concrete by the volumetric method") DAIStb-Heft 329 Sachstandsbericht ‘Massenbeton’ (Solid Concrete Report), issued by Deutscher Beton-Verein ©.V. (1982), published by Beuth Verlag GmbH, BurggrafenstraBe 6, D-1000 Berlin 30, Previous editions DIN 1048: 09.25, 04.92, 10.97, 43x; DIN 1048 Part 3: 01.75; DIN 1048 Part 1: 01.72, 12.78. Amendments The following amendments have been made to the December 1978 edition €) Specifications for the testing of hardened concrete are now covered in DIN 1048 Part 5. ») The symbols used in DIN 1045, July 1988 edition, to designate consistence ranges of fresh concrete have been adopted. ©) The standard has been revised in form and content to bring It into line with developments in testing technology. International Patent Classification E04G 21/02 E04G 21/24 G01N 33/38, +) Obtainable from Beuth Verlag GmbH (Auslandsnormenvermittlung), BurggratenstraGe 6, D-1000 Berlin 30.