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Plant Reproduction Text

1. The male and female reproductive organs of flowering plants are found in flowers. The male organ is the stamen which produces pollen, and the female organ is the ovary which produces eggs. 2. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male stamen to the female stigma, while fertilization occurs when the pollen nucleus joins with the egg nucleus in the ovary. 3. Flowers have adaptations to attract insects like brightly colored petals, scent, and nectar to facilitate cross-pollination between different plants. Wind-pollinated flowers rely on lightweight pollen carried by the wind instead of insects.

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184 views2 pages

Plant Reproduction Text

1. The male and female reproductive organs of flowering plants are found in flowers. The male organ is the stamen which produces pollen, and the female organ is the ovary which produces eggs. 2. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male stamen to the female stigma, while fertilization occurs when the pollen nucleus joins with the egg nucleus in the ovary. 3. Flowers have adaptations to attract insects like brightly colored petals, scent, and nectar to facilitate cross-pollination between different plants. Wind-pollinated flowers rely on lightweight pollen carried by the wind instead of insects.

Uploaded by

Shame Bope
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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© HarperCollinsPublishers 2008 - Licensed for home use only.

Not for whiteboard or general classroom use


BIG IDEAS

Reproduction in ●
You are learning to:
Describe the male and female
reproductive organs and cells of
plants

flowering plants ●

●
Explain the differences between
pollination and fertilisation
From observation describe the
difference between insect
and wind-pollinated flowers

Flowers A pollen
grain is brought FIGURE 1A: The main
A plant’s sex organs are from another flower by steps in pollination
found in its flower. the wind or on an insect's and fertilisation in
hairs. This is called flowering plants.
A flower is adapted to pollination
attract insects by having:
The pollen grain
brightly coloured petals is trapped on the sticky
surface of the stigma The male sex organ is The female sex organ
a strong scent called the stamen and is called the ovary and it
it produces pollen produces eggs
nectar. It then 'grows' down (or ova)
through the stigma and petal
Insects are most common style and through the ovary
in late spring and summer. wall to reach the egg anther
stamen, produces
stigma pollen grains shown
filament in micrograph below
What attracts insects The pollen grain style
to a flower? nucleus and the egg pollen grain on surface of stigma
nucleus join during fertilisation nectary pollen grain tube with pollen
Why do few plants and an embryo is formed. egg cell grain nucleus 'grows' down
This develops into ovary nucleus style to reach the egg cell nucleus
flower in early spring?
the seed

Pollination and fertilisation


The seeds are dispersed so they can start to grow into plants. A seed germinates in
the right conditions. For example, the right amounts of water and warmth are important.

What is the name of the sex cells in the:


a male part of a flower b female part of a flower?
What conditions does a growing plant need after it has germinated?
Draw a flow chart to show the life-cycle of a flowering plant.

FIGURE 1B: Microscopic


pollen grains.
Pollination
Plants have to produce large amounts of pollen (male sex cell) to ensure some grains reach the eggs.
The pollen is transferred to other flowers (this is called cross-pollination) by two main methods: insect
and wind.
Wind pollination – pollen grains are carried by the wind.
Insect pollination – pollen grains are carried on the hairs of visiting insects.

What is the name of the process in which the pollen grain joins to an egg?
Why does a plant produce so many seeds?

42
… egg … fertilisation … flower … germinate … ovary … pollen
© HarperCollinsPublishers 2008 - Licensed for home use only. Not for whiteboard or general classroom use

Science in Practice

Why do some flowers not have petals?


Cereal plants such as wheat, barley and oats are
very important food crops. They are all wind
pollinated.
Most of the fruit and vegetables that we eat come
from plants whose flowers are insect pollinated.
You are going to compare the male and female parts of
wind- and insect-pollinated flowers.
Your teacher will provide you with the flowers
Wind-pollinated wheat plants and
and any apparatus that you may need for your insect-pollinated apple trees in an
investigation. orchard.

Method:
1 In your notebook draw a table using the headings below and
fill in the name of each of your flowers.
Flower part
Wind-pollinated flower. My flower is a __________
Insect-pollinated flower. My flower is a _____________
2 Look carefully at the male parts of each of your flowers. Use
the hand-lens if necessary. You will need to look at the pollen
and the stamen. Record what you observe in your table. (Hint:
think about the relative sizes and weights of the pollen grains;
and the relative lengths of the anthers and their positions in the flower.)
3 Look carefully at the female parts of each of your flowers. Use the hand-lens if
necessary. You will need to look at the stigma and the style. Record what you observe
in your table. (Hint: think about where in the flower the stigmas are; think about the
relative lengths of the styles.)
4 Identify the key differences between insect- and wind-pollinated flowers.
5 Write a short report for a scientific article explaining why structural differences in the
male and female parts occur in wind-pollinated and insect-pollinated flowers. Mention
in your report how flowers are adapted to their function.

Questions
1 Why do wind-pollinated plants produce a lot of pollen?
2 Why must pollen be lightweight?
3 Explain why flowers that rely on wind pollination do not have brightly coloured petals or
nectaries.
4 Why does a flower die once the eggs in its ovary have been fertilised?

43
… pollination … seed … sex organ … stamen … stigma … style

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