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Introduction To Embedded Systems: Prof. Sourabh Bhaskar, Assistant Professor

The document provides an introduction to embedded systems, describing their main components such as microprocessors, microcontrollers, sensors, actuators, and input/output devices. It explains that embedded systems combine both hardware and software to perform dedicated functions within larger systems, such as fire alarms. The key components that make up embedded systems are discussed in detail.

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23 views16 pages

Introduction To Embedded Systems: Prof. Sourabh Bhaskar, Assistant Professor

The document provides an introduction to embedded systems, describing their main components such as microprocessors, microcontrollers, sensors, actuators, and input/output devices. It explains that embedded systems combine both hardware and software to perform dedicated functions within larger systems, such as fire alarms. The key components that make up embedded systems are discussed in detail.

Uploaded by

VIJAY KUAMR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Embedded Systems

Prof. Sourabh Bhaskar, Assistant Professor


Information Technology Engineering
CHAPTER-1
Introduction to Embedded Systems
What Are Embedded Systems?

• An embedded system is an alliance of computer hardware and software


designed for an individual function or function within a huge system.

• The systems can be programmable or with settled functionality.

• An embedded system is a microcontroller or microprocessor-based system


which is configured to perform a specific task.

• For example, a fire alarm is made up using an embedded system;


What Are Embedded Systems?

• An embedded system has three components −

– It has hardware.
– It has application software.
– It has Real Time Operating system (RTOS).
Microprocessor

• Microprocessor is a controlling unit of a micro-computer, fabricated on a small


chip capable of performing ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit) operations and
communicating with the other devices connected to it.

• Microprocessor consists of an ALU, register array, and a control unit.


Microprocessor
Microcontroller

• A microcontroller is a small and low-cost microcomputer, which is designed to


perform the specific tasks of embedded systems like displaying microwave’s
information, receiving remote signals, etc.

• The general microcontroller consists of the processor, the memory (RAM, ROM,
EPROM), Serial ports, peripherals (timers, counters), etc.

• Example: Toys, Cameras, Robots, Washing Machine, Microwave Ovens etc.


GPU

• A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a specialized electronic circuit designed to


rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a
frame buffer intended for output to a display device.

• GPUs are used in embedded systems, mobile phones, personal computers,


workstations, and game consoles.

• Modern GPUs are very efficient at manipulating computer graphics and image
processing.
I/O devices

• Input and output devices allow the computer system to interact with the
outside world by moving data into and out of the system.
• An input device is used to bring data into the system. Some input devices are:
– Keyboard
– Mouse
– Microphone
– Bar code reader
– Graphics tablet
I/O devices

• An output device is used to send data out of the system. Some output devices
are:
– Monitor
– Printer
– Speaker
DAC: Digital to Analog Converter

• We all know that the Microcontrollers work only with digital values but in real
world we have to deal with analog signals. That is why ADC (Analog to Digital
Converters) is there to convert real world Analog values into Digital form so that
microcontrollers can process the signals.

• DAC can be used in many applications such as Motor control, Control Brightness
of the LED Lights, Audio Amplifier, Video Encoders, Data Acquisition Systems
etc.
DAC: Digital to Analog Converter

• A simple example for Digital to Analog converter is recording a song in studio


where an artist singer is using microphone and singing a song. These analog
sound waves are converted into digital form and then stored in a digital format
file and when the song is played using the stored digital file those digital values
are converted into analog signals for speaker output. So in this system DAC is
used.
ADC: Analog to Digital Converter

• When we interface sensors to the microcontroller, the output of the sensor


many of the times is analog in nature. But microcontroller processes digital
signals.
• Hence, we use ADC in between sensor and microcontroller. It converts an
analog signal into digital and gives it to the microcontroller.

• There are many applications of ADC like in a biometric application, Environment


monitoring, Gas leakage detection etc.
Sensor and Actuator
Sensor :

• The sensors are used to take environmental values from surroundings and give
it to device for performing some specific task.
• sensors take some physical parameter and turn it into electrical signals.
• Examples:

– Temperature sensors
– Moisture sensors
– Humidity sensors
– Gas sensors
Sensor and Actuator
Actuators :

• Those devices which perform some controlling mechanism thorough motion


are termed as Actuators.
• Actuators in IoT systems take electrical signals and convert them into some
sort of physical output.
• Examples:

– Linear actuators
– Motors
– Relays
– Solenoids
www.paruluniversity.ac.in

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