EKURHULENI TECH COLLEGE.

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Website: www. ekurhulenitech.co.za
Email: info@ekurhulenitech.co.za
TEL: 011 040 7343 CELL: 073 770 3028/060 715 4529

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 T1070(E)(A5)T
APRIL EXAMINATION

NATIONAL CERTIFICATE

MECHANOTECHNOLOGY N3
(8190373)

5 April 2016 (X-Paper)

09:00–12:00

This question paper consists of 7 pages, 2 tables of 4 pages and 1 formula sheet.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

(8190373) -2- T1070(E)(A5)T

DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND TRAINING

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE
MECHANOTECHNOLOGY N3
TIME: 3 HOURS
MARKS: 100

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. Answer ALL the questions.

2. Read ALL the questions carefully.

3. Number the answers according to the numbering system used in this question
paper.

4. Write neatly and legibly.

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(15040106) -3- T1070(E)(A5)T

QUESTION 1: POWER TRANSMISSION

1.1 A blower rotating at a speed of 700 r/min is driven by a 30 kW electric motor

which rotates at 1 200 r/min. This is a medium-duty operation that performs
an eleven hours duty per day. The type of start used for this drive is 'soft'

Refer to TABLE 1 and TABLE 2 and answer the following questions:

1.1.1 Calculate the speed ratio. (1)

1.1.2 Determine the service factor. (1)

1.1.3 Calculate the design power. (1)

1.1.4 Determine the minimum pulley diameter. (1)

1.1.5 Calculate the number of belts if the corrected power per belt is
20,89 kW. (2)

1.2 State FOUR advantages of worm and worm-wheel gear. (4 x 1) (4)

1.3 Refer to FIGURE 1 which shows a representation of a universal coupling and

label the parts (A–E) in the ANSWER BOOK.

B
A

D
E

FIGURE 1
(5 x 1) (5)

1.4 Give FIVE main factors that determine the use of a friction clutch. (5 x 1) (5)
[20]

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(15040106) -4- T1070(E)(A5)T

QUESTION 2: BRAKES

State FIVE disadvantages of mechanical brakes. (5 x 1) [5]

QUESTION 3: BEARINGS

3.1 Explain the difference between friction bearings and anti-friction bearings. (2)

3.2 Refer to FIGURE 2 and answer the questions.

Outer
Raceway Rolling
Element

Inner
Raceway

FIGURE 2

3.2.1 Name the type of bearing shown. (1)

3.2.2 Name the types of loads the above bearing can carry. (2)

3.2.3 State the main advantage of the bearing. (1)

3.3 State FOUR features of the guide friction bearing. (4)

[10]

QUESTION 4: WATER PUMPS, COOLING AND LUBRICATION

4.1 Explain the term water hammer. (3)

4.2 Apart from using an oil can or a grease pot, list FIVE other methods that can
be used to apply lubrication on machine parts and components. (5 x 1) (5)

4.3 Explain the difference between a piston and a plunger. (2)

4.4 Name FIVE possible causes of breakdowns in centrifugal pumps. (5 x 1) (5)

[15]

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(15040106) -5- T1070(E)(A5)T

QUSTION 5: HYDRAULICS AND PNEUMATICS

5.1 A hydraulic system consists of two hydraulic cylinders. In cylinder A the input
side, a force of 1 200 N was applied on the plunger.

The following information is also known:

 The work done in cylinder A when the force was applied: 250 joules
 The diameter of cylinder A: 75 mm
 The diameter of cylinder B: 260 mm

NOTE: Use π = 3,1416 and calculate the following:

5.1.1 The distance that the plunger in cylinder A moved.

Express the answer in millimetres (mm).

5.1.2 The volume of fluid displaced in cylinder A during the work done
process.

Express the answer in cubic meter (m³).

(2 x 2) (4)

5.2 The fluid in a hydraulic system is vitally important.

State TWO characteristics of hydraulic fluid in this regard. (2 x 1) (2)

5.3 Make neat drawings (NO freehand sketches) of the ISO symbols as
applicable hydraulic systems of the following:

5.3.1 A directional control valve

5.3.2 A flow control valve (adjustable)

5.3.3 An actuator (linear)

5.3.4 A flow control valve (fixed)

(4 x 1) (4)
[10]

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(15040106) -6- T1070(E)(A5)T

QUESTION 6: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Refer to FIGURE 3 of a two-stroke diesel engine and answer the questions:

FIGURE 3

6.1 Name the components (A–C). (3)

6.2 Name the TWO phases during the downwards stroke of a piston. (2 x 1) (2)
[5]

QUESTION 7: CRANES AND LIFTING MACHINES

7.1 Give FOUR advantages of using mobile cranes. (4 x 1) (4)

7.2 A typical steel rope that is used in cranes can be describes as:
30 mm diameter, 6 x 36 (9/9/1), fibre core, Langs lay.

Explain the meaning of the numbers 6 x 36 steel rope. (2)

7.3 State TWO characteristics of a steel rope with a wire core. (2 x 1) (2)
[8]

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(15040106) -7- T1070(E)(A5)T

QUESTION 8: MATERIAL AND MATERIAL PROCESSES

8.1 Describe THREE characteristics of non-ferrous metals. (3 x 1) (3)

8.2 Give TWO examples of non-ferrous metals. (2 x 1) (2)

8.3 State the basic characteristics from non-laboratory tests with reference to the
hardness of the following:

8.3.1 Natural rubber (NR)

8.3.2 Nylon
(2 x 1) (2)
[7]

QUESTION 9: INDUSTIAL ORGANISATION AND PLANNING

9.1 List FIVE documents that form part of the production process and assist in
managing the budget of an organisation. (5 x 1) (5)

9.2 List THREE methods that can be used to improve horizontal communication.
(3 x 1) (3)

9.3 Employees fail to report incidents for various reasons.

Give FOUR reasons that make them not to report an incident. (4 x 1) (4)
[12]

QUESTION 10: ENTREPRENEURSHIP

10.1 State FIVE characteristics of an entrepreneur. (5 x 1) (5)

10.2 Name THREE sources that an entrepreneur can use to research or to explore
possible business opportunities. (3 x 1) (3)
[8]

TOTAL: 100

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(15040106) -1- T1070(E)(A5)T

MECHANOTECHNOLOGY N3
FORMULA SHEET

Any applicable formula may also be used.

1. Design power = Power (electrical motor) × service factor

2. Corrected power per belt = (basic power per belt + power

increment per belt) × correction factor

3. Belt length (L) = [(Pitch diameter of larger pulley + Pitch diameter of smaller pulley)
× 1,57] + (2 × Centre Distance)

4. Force (F) = Pressure (P) × Area (A)

5. Work done (W) = Force (F) × Distance (s)

6. Volume (V) = Area of base (A) × Perpendicular height  h 

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(15040106) -1- T1070(E)(A5)T

TABLE 1

SERVICE FACTORS FOR THE SELECTION OF WEDGE BELTS

TYPES OF PRIME MOVERS

'Soft' starts 'Heavy' starts
Hours per day duty Hours per day duty
TYPES OF DRIVEN MACHINES 10 and Over 10 Over 10 and Over 10 Over
under to 16 16 under to 16 16
Class 1 - Light duty
Blowers and fans
1,0 1,1 1,2 1,1 1,2 1,3
Centrifugal compressors and pumps
Belt conveyors (uniformly loaded)
Class 2 - Medium duty
Blowers and fans
Rotary compressors and pumps 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,2 1,3 1,4
Belt conveyors (not uniformly loaded)
Generators
Class 3 - Heavy duty
Brick machinery
Compressors and pumps (reciprocating)
1,2 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,6
Conveyors (heavy duty)
Hammer mills
Punches and presses
Class 4 - Extra heavy duty
Crushers 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,8
Mills

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(15040106) -2- T1070(E)(A5)T

TABLE 2

CENTRE DISTANCES FOR 16 N SPB WEDGE BELT DRIVES

Combined arc and belt length

0,8 0,85 0,9 1.05
Correction factor
Pitch diameter of Power per
BELT LENGTH
Speed pulleys belt kW
Ratio 960 1 440
Driver Driven 1 260 1 340 1 410 1 590 1 800 1 900 2 020 2 150 2 280 2 400 4 560 4 820 5 070 5 380
r/min r/min
1,69 236 400 11,94 16,56 - - - - 392 443 504 570 635 696 1 779 1 909 2 034 2 189
1,75 160 280 6,45 8,92 278 319 355 446 551 602 662 727 792 852 - - - -
1,75 180 315 7,92 11,00 - 273 309 401 507 557 618 683 748 809 - - - -

1,78 200 355 9,38 13,03 - - - 351 458 508 569 635 700 760 1 843 1 973 2 098 -
1,79 140 250 4,95 6,80 319 360 395 486 591 641 702 767 832 892 - - - -
1,79 224 400 11,10 15,41 - - - - 400 452 513 578 644 705 1 788 1 918 2 043 2 198

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(15040106) -3- T1070(E)(A5)T

TABLE 2

CENTRE DISTANCES FOR 22 N SPC WEDGE BELT DRIVES

Combined arc and belt length

0,80 0,85 0,90 0,95

Correction factor

Pitch diameter of Power per belt

BELT LENGTH
pulleys kW
Speed Ratio
960 1 440
Driver Driven 2 000 2 120 2 240 2 360 2 500 2 650 2 800 3 000 3 150 3 350 3 550 3 750 4 000 4 250
r/min r/min

1,58 400 630 37,85 49,15 - - - - - - 580 682 758 859 960 1 060 1 186 1 311

1,58 300 475 25,19 33,63 - 443 504 565 636 711 787 887 963 1 063 1 163 1 264 1 389 1 514

1,58 224 355 14,82 19,80 542 602 662 723 793 868 943 1 043 1 119 1 219 1 319 1 419 1 544 1 669

1,59 315 500 27,16 36,17 - - 471 532 603 679 755 855 931 1 031 1 131 1 232 1 357 1 482

1,59 236 375 16,50 22,09 516 576 637 697 767 842 918 1 018 1093 1 193 1 293 1 394 1 519 1 644

1,60 250 400 18,44 24,71 484 545 605 666 736 811 887 987 1 062 1 162 1 263 1 363 1 488 1 613

1,60 500 800 49,26 - - - - - - - - - - - 739 841 968 1 094

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(15040106) -4- T1070(E)(A5)T

TABLE 2

MINIMUM PULLEY DIAMETER (mm)

Speed of Minimum pulley diameter (mm)

faster Design Power (kW)
shaft Up 3,0 4,0 5,0 7,5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 75 90 110 130 150 200 250
r/min to 1
500 67 90 100 112 125 140 180 200 212 236 250 280 280 315 375 400 450 475 500 560
600 67 85 90 100 112 125 140 180 200 212 224 250 265 280 300 335 375 400 475 500
720 67 80 85 90 90 106 132 150 160 170 200 236 250 265 280 300 335 375 450 500
960 67 75 80 85 95 100 112 132 150 180 180 200 224 250 280 280 300 335 400 450
1 200 67 71 80 80 95 95 106 118 132 150 160 180 200 236 236 250 265 300 335 355
1 440 67 67 75 80 85 85 100 112 125 140 160 170 190 212 236 236 250 280 315 335
1 800 67 67 71 75 80 85 95 106 112 125 150 160 170 190 212 224 236 265 300 335
2 800 67 67 67 67 80 80 85 90 100 112 125 140 160 170 180 212 224 236 - -

Copyright reserved
 MARKING GUIDELINE

NATIONAL CERTIFICATE

APRIL EXAMINATION

MECHANOTECHNOLOGY N3

5 APRIL 2016

This marking guideline consists of 8 pages.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

MARKING GUIDELINE -2- T1070(E)(A5)T
MECHANOTECHNOLOGY N3

QUESTION 1: POWER TRANSMISSION

1.1 1.1.1 Speed Ratio Speed of faster pulley

Speed of slower pulley
SR 1 200
700
SR 1,71 : 1 (1)

1.1.2 Type of start soft

Hours per day 11

Read from TABLE 1

The service factor (SF) is 1,2 (1)

1.1.3 Design power (P) P SF

P 30 1,2
P 36 KW (1)

1.1.4 Refer to TABLE 2:

Consider:

N 1 200 r/min
Design power 36 KW
d = 160 mm (1)

1.1.5 No of belts Design power

Corrected power/belts
36
 √
20,89
1.723 belts√
use 2 belts

(2)

1.2  It can greatly reduce speed. 

 It can change direction of the drive or rotation. 
 The drive is silent in operation.
 We can obtain an increase in drive. 
(4 x 1) (4)

1.3 A Shaft A
B Yoke
C Key
D Shaft B
E Cross piece
(5 x 1) (5)

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MARKING GUIDELINE -3- T1070(E)(A5)T
MECHANOTECHNOLOGY N3

1.4  The power which must be transmitted

 The speed at which the drive must take place
 The amount of torque to be transmitted
 The duration  of slip needed
 How often the machine will engage and disengage 
 The condition under which the clutch is going to operate
(Any 5 x 1) (5)
[20]

QUESTION 2: BRAKES

 They require frequent attention to keep it effective due to the large numbers of
levers and pivot points.
 Continuously wear of the lining means that the adjuster must be adjusted frequently.
 Dust and water have a detrimental effect on its operation.
 Cables and rods have a tendency to stretch which leads to loss in braking.
 It is a slow-response braking system. (5 x 1) [5]

QUESTION 3: BEARINGS

3.1  Friction bearings operate on the principle of sliding friction.

 Anti-friction bearings operate on the principle of rolling motion.
(2 x 1) (2)

3.2 3.2.1 Spherical roller bearing  (1)

3.2.2  Very high radial loads 

 Axial loads acting in both directions (2)

3.2.3 The bearing is self-aligning. (1)

3.3  They are quiet in operation

 They are cheap or low in cost.
 They have great rigidity.
 They can be easily repaired when they are worn.
(4 x 1) (4)
[10]

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MARKING GUIDELINE -4- T1070(E)(A5)T
MECHANOTECHNOLOGY N3

QUESTION 4: WATER PUMPS, COOLING AND LUBRICATION

4.1 Water hammer is caused by a sudden change in speed at which the fluid
is moving, together with a proportional change in pressure. This causes a
loud hammer sound in the pipeline, which is called the ‘knock’ sound.
(3)

4.2  Splash lubrication 

 Syphon-wick lubrication 
 Sight-feed lubrication 
 Force-feed lubrication 
 Dry-sump lubrication 
 Lubrication by mixing oil and petrol (Any 5 x 1) (5)

4.3  The length of the plunger is longer than its stroke. 

 The length of the piston is shorter than its stroke. 
 The packing of the plunger is housed in a stuffing box at the end of the
housing
 The piston has packing rings that are inserted on the rim of the pistonto
prevent leakage.

(Any 2 x 1) (2)

4.4  Air in the pump casing or suction column that slips into the pump at the
flanges or at the stuffing boxes.
 The suction head may be too high, especially in recently installed pumps.
 Blockage in the strainer.
 The strainer may be exposed above the fluid level.
 A faulty foot valve that stays open.
 The pressure inside the pump may be too low because pumping velocity is
too low.
 Moving parts of the pump may be worn, so that clearance between the
impeller and the casing is too big. (Any 5 x 1) (5)
[15]

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MARKING GUIDELINE -5- T1070(E)(A5)T
MECHANOTECHNOLOGY N3

QUSTION 5: HYDRAULICS AND PNEUMATICS

5.1 5.1.1 For distance that plunger moved (S):

Work done (W) = Force Distance
W=F S
250 = 1 200 S 
S = 250/1 200
0,208 m = 208 mm

5.1.2 For volume of fluid displacement (v):

V  A S
 d2
V  S
4
  0,0752
  0,208 
4
 9,189  10  4 m 3 

(2 x 2) (4)

5.2  They are infinitely flexible. 

 Hydraulic fluid cannot be compressed. 
 The pressure which is supplied to the system is available for work at any
junction in the hydraulic system. 
(Any 2 x 1) (2)

5.3 5.3.1

5.3.2

5.3.3

5.3.4

(4 x 1) (4)
[10]

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MARKING GUIDELINE -6- T1070(E)(A5)T
MECHANOTECHNOLOGY N3

QUESTION 6: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

6.1 A – Blower supplies air to intake 

B – Intake port 
C – Exhaust port  (3 x 1) (3)

6.2  Induction phase 

 Exhaust phase  (2 x 1) (2)
[5]

QUESTION 7: CRANES AND LIFTING MACHINES

7.1  They can move from point A to point B under their own power while
carrying the load. 
 Mobile cranes are allowed to move from one stand to another on public
roads, as long as they comply with traffic regulations. 
 Heavy loads can be lifted to great heights. 
 Because mobile cranes can move forward and backward under their own
power, heavy load can be reached and removed from difficult to reach
points. 
 The crane jib can reach and pick up loads far from the crane. 
(Any 4 x 1) (4)

7.2  The number 6 indicates the number of strands  that makes up the steel
ropes.
 The number 36 indicates the number of wires each strand contains. (2)

7.3  It can be exposed to high temperatures.

 The strength  of the rope is increased.
(2)
[8]

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MARKING GUIDELINE -7- T1070(E)(A5)T
MECHANOTECHNOLOGY N3

QUESTION 8: MATERIAL AND MATERIAL PROCESSES

8.1  It contains no irons 

 Non-magnetic 
 Corrosion resistant  (3 x 1) (3)

8.2  Copper
 Aluminium
 Tin
 Lead
 Zinc
 Antimony (Any 2 x 1) (2)

8.3 8.3.1 Very soft 

8.3.2 Stiff 
(2 x 1) (2)
[7]

QUESTION 9: INDUSTIAL ORGANISATION AND PLANNING

9.1  Clock cards 

 Job cards 
 Requisition cards 
 Production flow cards 
 Maintenance schedules 
(5 x 1) (5)

9.2  Interdepartmental meeting 

 Co-operation incentive 
 Social meeting 
(3 x 1) (3)

9.3  Fear of discipline

 Concern about record
 Concern about reputation
 Fear of medical treatments
 Dislike of medical personnel
 Desire to prevent work interruption
 Desire to keep personal record clear
 Avoidance of red tape
 Concerned about relationship with others
 Poor understanding of importance (Any 4 x 1) (4)
[12]

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MARKING GUIDELINE -8- T1070(E)(A5)T
MECHANOTECHNOLOGY N3

QUESTION 10: ENTREPRENEURSHIP

10.1  Self-confidence
 Persistence
 Opportunity-seeking ability
 Commitment strength
 Risk-taking ability
 Good setting ability
 Demand for quality and efficiency
 Information ability
 Systematic planning and monitoring
 Persuasion and networking (Any 5 x 1) (5)

10.2  Trade show and exhibitions

 Visit a factory or manufacturer
 Flea markets
 Research expired patent
 Check overseas products
 Manipulate existing product or services or modify old products
 Be a copycat
 Visit places where people gather (Any 3 x 1) (3)
[8]

TOTAL: 100

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 EKURHULENI TECH COLLEGE.
No. 3 Mogale Square, Krugersdorp.
Website: www. ekurhulenitech.co.za
Email: info@ekurhulenitech.co.za
TEL: 011 040 7343 CELL: 073 770 3028/060 715 4529

REGISTERING WITH OUR COLLEGE

CONSIDER REGISTERING WITH OUR COLLEGE AND WE HAVE THE
FOLLOWING TYPES OF LEARNING:

 ONLINE OR CORRESPONDENCE LEARNING. THIS IS THE MOST

PREFARED ONE BY THOUSANDS

 PART-TIME CLASSES DURING SATURDAYS IF NEAR OUR

OFFICES IN KRUGERSDORP

 FULL-TIME CLASSES IF NEAR OUR CLASSES IN

KRUGERSDORP

ABOUT EXTRA TEXTBOOKS

IF LOOKING FOR TEXBOOKS FOR CERTAIN SUBJECTS I N1-N6 ENGINEERING
STUDIES PLEASE SEND US AN EMAIL ON INFO@EKURHULENITECH.CO.ZA

ABOUT VIDEO MATERIAL

WE HAVE VIDEO MATERIAL FOR EXTRA UNDERSTANDING ON CERTAIN
ENGINEERING FOR A FEE. REQUEST A QUOTE. SEND US AN EMAIL ON
INFO@EKURHULENITECH.CO.ZA

Website: www.ekurhulenitech.co.za Email: info@ekurhulenitech.co.za