(MATHEMATICS) SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE

KEY CONCEPTS
a b c
I. Sine Formula : In any triangle ABC , = sin B = sin C.
sin A

II. Cosine Formula :

b2 +c2 −a2
(i) cosA = or a2 = b2 + c 2 − 2bc ⋅ cos A
2bc
c2 +a2 −b2
(ii) cosB = 2ca
a2 +b2 −c2
(iii) cosC = 2ab

III. Projection Formula :

(i) a = b cosC + c cosB (ii) b = c cosA + a cosC (iii) c = a cosB + b cosA
B−C b−c A
IV. NAPIER'S ANALOGY - TANGENT RULE : (i) tan = b+c cot 2
2
C−A c−a B A−B a−b C
(ii) tan = c+a cot 2 (iii) tan = a+b cot 2
2 2

V. Trigonometric Functions of Half Angles :

A (s−b)(s−c) B (s−c)(s−a) C (s−a)(s−b)
(i) sin 2 = √ ; sin 2 = √ ; sin 2 = √
bc ca ab

A s(s−a) B s(s−b) C s(s−c)

(ii) cos = √ ; cos = √ ; cos = √
2 bc 2 ca 2 ab

A (s−b)(s−c) Δ a+b+c
(iii) tan =√ = s(s−a) where s = & Δ = area of triangle.
2 s(s−a) 2

(iv) Area of triangle = √s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)

VI. 𝐌 − 𝐍 Rule : In any triangle,
(m + n) cotθ = m cotα − n cotβ
= n cotB − m cotC
1 1 1
VII. ab sinC = 2 bc sinA = 2 ca sin B = area of triangle ABC
2

a b c
= = = 2R
sin A sin B sin C
abc
Note that R = ; Where R is the radius of circumcircle & Δ is area of triangle
4Δ

VIII. Radius of the incircle ' r ' is given by:

Δ a+b+c
(a) r = s where s = 2
A B C
(b) r = (s − a)tan = (s − b)tan = (s − c)tan
2 2 2
B C
asin sin
(c) r = 2
A
2
& so on
cos
2

A B C
(d) r = 4Rsin sin sin
2 2 2

APNI KAKSHA 1
(MATHEMATICS) SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE
IX. Radius of the Ex-circles r1 , r2 & r3 are given by:
Δ Δ Δ
(a) r1 = s−a ; r2 = s−b ; r3 = s−c
A B C
(b) r1 = s tan 2 ; r2 = s tan 2 ; r3 = s tan 2
B C
acos cos
(c) r1 = 2
A
2
& so on
cos
2

A B
(d) r1 = 4Rsin 2 ⋅ cos 2 .
B A C C A B
r2 = 4Rsin 2 ⋅ cos 2 ⋅ cos 2 ; r3 = 4Rsin 2 ⋅ cos 2 ⋅ cos 2
A B C
(d) r1 = 4Rsin ⋅ cos ⋅ cos ;
2 2 2
X. Length Of Angle Bisector & Medians :
If ma and βa are the lengths of a median and an angle bisector from the angle A then,
A
1 2bc cos 2
ma = √2b 2 + 2c 2 − a2 and βa =
2 b+c
3
Note that m2a + m2b + m2c = 4 (a2 + b2 + c 2 )

XI. Orthocentre and Pedal Triangle :

The triangle KLM which is formed by joining the feet of the altitudes is called the pedal triangle.
the distances of the orthocentre from the angular points of the △ ABC are 2RcosA ,2RcosB and
2RcosC the distances of P from sides are 2RcosBcosC, 2RcosCcosA and 2RcosAcosB the sides of
the pedal triangle are acos A(= Rsin2A), b cos B(= Rsin2B) and ccos C(= Rsin2C) and its
angles are π − 2A, π − 2B and π − 2C.
circumradii of the triangles PBC, PCA, PAB and ABC are equal .

XII. Excentral Triangle:

The triangle formed by joining the three excentres I1 , I2 and I3 of △ ABC is called the excentral
or excentric triangle.
Note that :
Incentre I of △ ABC is the orthocentre of the excentral ΔI1 I2 I3 .
△ ABC is the pedal triangle of the ΔI1 I2 I3 .
the sides of the excentral triangle are
A B C
4Rcos 2 , 4Rcos 2 and 4Rcos 2
APNI KAKSHA 2
(MATHEMATICS) SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE
π A π B π C
and its angles are 2 − 2 , 2 − 2 and 2 − 2.
A B C
− II1 = 4Rsin 2 ; II2 = 4Rsin 2 ; II3 = 4Rsin 2.

XIII. The Distances Between The Special Points :

(a) The distance between circumcentre and orthocentre is = R ⋅ √1 − 8cosAcosBcosC
(b) The distance between circumcentre and incentre is = √R2 − 2Rr
(c) The distance between incentre and orthocentre is √2r 2 − 4R2 cosAcosBcosC
XIV. Perimeter (P) and area (A) of a regular polygon of n sides inscribed in a circle of radius r are
π 1 2π
given by P = 2nrsin and A = 2 nr 2 sin
n n

Perimeter and area of a regular polygon of n sides circumscribed about a given circle of radius r
π π
is given by P = 2nrtan n and A = nr 2 tan n

PROFICIENCY TEST-01
3
1. In a triangle ABC, a = 5, b = 7 and sinA = 4 how many such triangles are possible.

2. In a △ ABC, if c 2 + a2 − b2 = ac, then ∠B =

3. ln △ ABC, asin(B − C) + bsin(C − A) + csin(A − B) =
4. In △ ABC, if (a + b + c)(a − b + c) = 3ac, then ∠B =
5. ln △ ABC, cosecA(sinBcosC + cosBsinC) =
6. If the angles of a triangle be in the ratio 1: 2: 7, then the ratio of its greatest side to the least side
is :
7. In △ ABC, if a = 3, b = 4, c = 5, then sin2B =
8. If the sides of a triangle are in the ratio 2: √6: (√3 + 1), then the largest angle of the triangle
will be :
9. If the lengths of the sides of a triangle be 7,4√3 and √13 cm, then the smallest angle is :
10. In △ ABC, if ∠C = 90∘ , ∠A = 30∘ , c = 20, then the values of a and b are
11. If a = 9, b = 8 and c = x satisfies 3cosC = 2, then find x
12. If the sides of a triangle are p, q and √p2 + pq + q2, then the biggest angle is :

APNI KAKSHA 3
(MATHEMATICS) SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE
cos A cos B cos C
13. In a △ ABC, = = and the side a = 2, then area of the triangle is:
a b c

14. The perimeter of an acute △ ABC is 6 times the arithmetic mean of the sines of its angles. If the
side a is 1 , then the angle A is :
15. In a triangle ABC, if a = 2, B = 60∘ and C = 75∘ , then b =
16. In a △ ABC, b = 2, C = 60∘ , c = √6, then a =
17. If A = 30∘ , c = 7√3 and ∠C = 90∘ in △ ABC, then a =
18. If angles of a triangle are in the ratio of 2: 3: 7, then the sides are in the ratio of :
19. In △ ABC, if b = 6, c = 8 and ∠A = 90∘ , then R =
20. In an equilateral triangle of side 2√3 cm, the circumradius is :
PROFICIENCY TEST-02
1. If in a triangle ABC, (s − a)(s − b) = s(s − c), then angle C is equal to :
A
2. In a △ ABC, if 2s = a + b + c and (s − b)(s − c) = xsin2 , then x =
2
B
3. In △ ABC, if a = 16, b = 24 and c = 20, then cos 2 =
A C
sin sin
4. In triangle ABC if a, b, c are in A.P., then the value of 2
B
2
=
sin
2

5. In △ ABC, a2 (cos2 B − cos2 C) + b2 (cos2 C − cos 2 A) + c 2 (cos2 A − cos 2 B) =

6. If in a triangle ABC, b = √3, c = 1 and B − C = 90∘ then ∠A is :
7. If in a triangle the angles A, B, C are in A.P. and b: c = √3: √2, then ∠A is equal to :
A B C
8. In △ ABC , (b − c)cot + (c − a)cot + (a − b)cot is equal to :
2 2 2

9. The two adjacent sides of a cyclic quadrilateral are 2 and 5 and the angle between them is 60∘ .
If the third side is 3 , the remaining fourth side is :
B C−A
10. If in the △ ABC, AB = 2BC , then tan 2 : cot ( )=
2
C−B
11. In a △ ABC, if A = 30∘ , b = 2, c = √3 + 1, then =
2

12. If in a triangle ABC side a = (√3 + 1)cms and ∠B = 30∘ , ∠C = 45∘ , then the area of the triangle
is :
13. In an acute △ ABC, if b = 20, c = 21 and sinA = 3/5, then a =
14. The area of triangle ABC, in which a = 1, b = 2, ∠C = 60∘ is :
B B
15. In a △ ABC if the sides are a = 3, b = 5 and c = 4, then sin 2 + cos 2 is equal to :

16. Find the radius of incircle if the sides of triangle are

(i) 13,14,15 (ii) 3,5,6 (iii) 18,24,30

APNI KAKSHA 4
(MATHEMATICS) SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE
17. If the radius of the circumcircle of an isosceles triangle PQR is equal to PQ(= PR), then the
angle P is :
18. In a triangle ABC , a: b: c = 4: 5: 6. The ratio of the radius of the circumcircle to that of the
incircle is :
19. If the sides of the triangle are 5K, 6K, 5K and radius of incircle is 6 then value of K is equal to :
20. In a triangle ABC, if b = 2, B = 30∘ then the area of circumcircle of triangle ABC in square units
is :

APNI KAKSHA 5
(MATHEMATICS) SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE
EXERCISE-I
With usual notations, prove that in a triangle ABC :
b−c c−a a−b
1. + + =0
r1 r2 r3

2. a cotA + b cotB + c cotC = 2(R + r)

r1 r r 3
3. 2
+ (s−c)(s−a) 3
+ (s−a)(s−b) =
(s−b)(s−c) r
r1 −r r2 −r c
4. + =r
a b 3
abc A B C
5. cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 = Δ
s
C C
6. (r1 + r2 )tan = (r3 − r)cot = c
2 2

7. (r1 − r)(r2 − r)(r3 − r) = 4Rr 2

B−C C−A A−B
8. (r + r1 )tan + (r + r2 )tan + (r + r3 )tan =0
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 a2 +b2 +c2
9. +r +r +r =
r2 1
2
2
2
3
2 Δ2

10. (r3 + r1 )(r3 + r2 )sinC = 2r3 √r2 r3 + r3 r1 + r1 r2

1 1 1 1
11 .bc + ca + ab = 2Rr
1 1 1 1 1 1 4R
12. ( − )( − )( − ) =
r r1 r r2 r r3 r2 s2
bc−r2 r3 ca−r3 r1 ab−r1 r2
13. = = =r
r1 r2 r3

1 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 1
14. ( r + r + r + r ) = r (r + r + r )
1 2 3 1 2 3

15. Rr (sinA + sinB + sinC) = Δ

16. 2RcosA = 2R + r − r1
A B C s2
17. cot 2 + cot 2 + cot 2 = Δ
a2 +b2 +c2
18. cotA + cotB + cotC = 4Δ

19. Given a triangle ABC with sides a = 7, b = 8 and c = 5. If the value of the expression
A p p
(∑sinA) (∑cot ) can be expressed in the form where p, q ∈ N and is in its lowest form find
2 q q

the value of (p + q).

20. If r1 = r + r2 + r3 then prove that the triangle is a right angled triangle.
21. If two times the square of the diameter of the circumcircle of a triangle is equal to the sum of
the squares of its sides then prove that the triangle is right angled.
22. In acute angled triangle ABC, a semicircle with radius ra is constructed with its base on BC and
tangent to the other two sides. rb and rc are defined similarly. If r is the radius of the incircle of
2 1 1 1
triangle ABC then prove that, r = r + r + r .
a b c

APNI KAKSHA 6
(MATHEMATICS) SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE
23. Given a right triangle with ∠A = 90∘ . Let M be the mid-point of BC. If the inradii of the triangle
ABM and ACM are r1 and r2 then find the range of r1 /r2 .
24. If the length of the perpendiculars from the vertices of a triangle A, B, C on the opposite sides
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
are p1 , p2 , p3 then prove that p + p + p = r = r + r + r .
1 2 3 1 2 3

bc ca ab a b b c c a
25. Prove that in a triangle r + r + r = 2R [(b + a) + ( c + b) + (a + c) − 3].
1 2 3

APNI KAKSHA 7
(MATHEMATICS) SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE
EXERCISE-II
b+c c+a a+b cos A cos B cos C
1. With usual notation, if in a △ ABC, = = ; then prove that, = = .
11 12 13 7 19 25

b+c A b−c
2. For any triangle ABC, if B = 3C, show that cosC = √ 4c & sin 2 = .
2c

√3 π
3. In a triangle ABC, BD is a median. If 𝑙(BD) = ⋅ 𝑙(AB) and ∠DBC = 2 . Determine the ∠ABC.
4

4. ABCD is a trapezium such that AB, DC are parallel &BC is perpendicular to them.
(p2 +q2 )sin θ
If angle ADB = θ, BC = p & CD = q, show that AB = pcos θ+qsin θ

5. If sides a, b, c of the triangle ABC are in A.P., then prove that

A B C
sin2 2 cosec2A; sin2 2 cosec2B; sin2 2 cosec2C are in H.P.
6. Find the angles of a triangle in which the altitude and a median drawn from the same vertex
divide the angle at that vertex into 3 equal parts.
A B C
7. In a triangle ABC, if tan , tan , tan are in AP. Show that cosA, cosB, cosC are in AP.
2 2 2
8. ABCD is a rhombus. The circumradii of △ ABD& △ ACD are 12.5&25 respectively. Find the area
of rhombus.
cotC
9. In a triangle ABC if a2 + b2 = 101c 2 then find the value of cotA+cotB.
10. The two adjacent sides of a cyclic quadrilateral are 2 & 5 and the angle between them is 60∘ . If
the area of the quadrilateral is 4√3, find the remaining two sides.
11. If I be the in-centre of the triangle ABC and x, y, z be the circum radii of the triangles IBC,
ICA & IAB, show that 4R3 − R(x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) − xyz = 0.
12. Sides a, b, c of the triangle ABC are in H.P., then prove that
cosecA(cosecA + cotA); cosecB(cosecB + cotB) & cosecC(cosecC + cotC) are in A.P.
13. A point ' O ' is situated on a circle of radius R and with centre O, another circle of radius 3R/2 is
described. Inside the smaller crescent shaped area intercepted between these circles, a circle of
radius R/8 is placed If the same circle moves in contact with the original circle of radius R, then
find the length of the arc described by its centre in moving from one extreme position to the
other.
14. ABC is a triangle. D is the middle point of BC. If AD is perpendicular to AC, then prove that
2(c2 −a2 )
cosA ⋅ cosC = 3ac
a b
15. In a △ ABC, (i) cosA = cosB
(ii) 2sinA cosB = sinC
A A C
(iii) tan2 2 + 2 tan 2 tan 2 − 1 = 0, prove that (i) ⇒ (ii) ⇒ (iii) ⇒ (i).
16. The sequence a1 , a2 , a3 , is a geometric sequence. The sequence b1 , b2 , b3 , … ….. is a geometric
sequence.

APNI KAKSHA 8
(MATHEMATICS) SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE
∞ ∞
4 4 1
4
b1 = 1; b2 = √7 − √28 + 1; a1 = √28 and ∑ = ∑ bn
an
n=1 n=1

If the area of the triangle with sides lengths a1 , a2 and a3 can be expressed in the form of p/q
where p and q are relatively prime, find (p + q)
17. If p1 , p2 , p3 are the altitudes of a triangle from the vertices A, B, C&Δ denotes the area of the
1 1 1 2ab C
triangle, prove that p + p − p = (a+b+c)Δ cos 2 2.
1 2 3

A+B
18. If a tanA + b tanB = (a + b)tan , prove that triangle ABC is isosceles.
2

19. The triangle ABC (with side lengths a, b, c as usual) satisfies

loga2 = logb2 + logc 2 − log (2bccos A). What can you say about this triangle?
20. With reference to a given circle, A1 and B1 are the areas of the inscribed and circumscribed
regular polygons of n sides, A2 and B2 are corresponding quantities for regular polygons of 2n
sides. Prove that
(1) A2 is a geometric mean between A1 and B1 .
(2) B2 is a harmonic mean between A2 and B1 .
21. The sides of a triangle are consecutive integers n, n + 1 and n + 2 and the largest angle is twice
the smallest angle. Find n.
22. The triangle ABC is a right angled triangle, right angle at A. The ratio of the radius of the circle
circumscribed to the radius of the circle escribed to the hypotenuse is, √2: (√3 + √2). Find the
acute angles B&C. Also find the ratio of the two sides of the triangle other than the hypotenuse.
23. ABC is a triangle. Circles with radii as shown are drawn inside the triangle each touching two
sides and the incircle. Find the radius of the incircle of the △ ABC.

24. Line 𝑙 is a tangent to a unit circle S at a point P. Point A and the circle S are on the same side of 𝑙,
and the distance from A to 𝑙 is 3 . Two tangents from point A intersect line 𝑙 at the point B and C
respectively. Find the value of (PB)(PC).

25. In a scalene triangle ABC the altitudes AD&CF are dropped from the vertices A&C to the sides
BC&AB. The area of △ ABC is known to be equal to 18 , the area of triangle BDF is equal to 2
and length of segment DF is equal to 2√2. Find the radius of the circle circumscribed.

APNI KAKSHA 9
(MATHEMATICS) SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE
EXERCISE-III
1. In a △ ABC, if b2 + c 2 = 3a2 , then cotB + cotC − cotA =
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 0
2. In an acute triangle ABC if 2a2 b2 + 2b2 c 2 = a4 + b4 + c 4 , then angle B is equal to :
π π π π
(A) 8 (B) 6 (C) 4 (D) 3

3. Area of the triangle is 10√3sq. cm, ∠C = 60∘ and its perimeter is 20 cm, then side c will be :
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7
4. Point D, E are taken on the side BC of a triangle ABC such that BD = DE = EC. If ∠BAD =
sin(x+y)sin(y+z)
x, ∠DAE = y, ∠EAC = z, then the value of sinx sinz

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6

31
5. In a △ ABC, a = 5, b = 4 and cos(A − B) = 32, then side c is equal to :
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9
6. If the sides of a triangle are in ratio 3: 7: 8, then R: r is equal to :
(A) 3: 1 (B) 5: 2 (C) 7: 2 (D) 5: 3
b2 sin2C+c2 sin2B
7. In triangle ABC, is always equal to :
Δ
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
r 1 A B C
8. In triangle ABC, r = 2, then the value of tan 2 (tan 2 + tan 2) is equal to:
1
1
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) None of these
9. In triangle ABC, (r1 + r2 + r3 − r) is equal to:
A A
(A) 2a sinA (B) 2a cosecA (C) 2a sin 2 (D) 2a cosec 2
2cosA cosB 2cosC a b
10. In triangle ABC, + + = bc + ac, then ∠A is equal to :
a b c
π π π π
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 6 (D) 4
(a+b+c)(b+c−a)(c+a−b)(a+b−c)
11. The expression is equal to :
4b2 c2

(A) cos2 A (B) sin2 A (C) cosA cosB cosC (D) none of these
12. If the area of a triangle ABC is given by Δ = a2 − (b − c)2 , then tanA is equal to:
(A) ¼ (B) 8/15 (C) 4/15 (D) 3/4
sinA sinB sinC
13. If in a triangle ABC, = = , the value of cosA + cosB + cosC is equal to :
4 5 6

(A) 4/15 (B) 1/3 (C) 2/5 (D) 23/16

acosA+bcosB+ccosC
14. In triangle ABC, is equal to :
a+b+c

(A) r + R (B) R/r (C) r/R (D) rR

15. In triangle ABC, cos 2 A + cos 2 B − cos2 C = 1, then the triangle is necessarily :
(A) right-angled (B) obtuse-angled (C) isosceles (D) equilateral

APNI KAKSHA 10
(MATHEMATICS) SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE
EXERCISE-IV
1. The sides of a triangle are 3x + 4y, 4x + 3y and 5x + 5y where x, y > 0 then the triangle is
(A) Right angled (B) Obtuse angled (C) Equilateral (D) None of these
[AIEEE-2002]
2. In a triangle with sides a, b, c, r1 > r2 > r3 (which are the exradii) then [AIEEE-2002]
(A) a > b > c (B) a < b < c (C) a > b and b < c (D) a < b and b > c
π π
3. In a triangle ABC, medians AD and BE are drawn. If AD = 4, ∠DAB = 6 and ∠ABE = 3 , then the

area of the △ ABC is :

64 8 16 32
(A) (B) 3 (C) (D) 3√3 [AIEEE-2003]
3 3
C A 3b
4. If in a △ ABC a cos2 (2) + c cos2 ( 2 ) = , then the sides a, b and c [AIEEE-2003]
2

(A) satisfy a + b = c (B) are in A.P.

(C) are in G.P. (D) are in H.P.
π
5. The sides of a triangle are sinα, cosα and √1 + sinα cosα for some 0 < α < 2 . Then the greatest

angle of the triangle is [AIEEE-2004]

(A) 150∘ (B) 90∘ (C) 120∘ (D) 60∘
π
6. In a triangle ABC, let ∠C = 2. If r is the inradius and R is the circumradius of the triangle ABC,

then 2(r + R) equals [AIEEE-2005]

(A) b + c (B) a + b (C) a + b + c (D) c + a
7. If in a △ ABC, the altitudes from the vertices A, B, C on opposite sides are in H.P., then
sinA, sinB, sinC are in [AIEEE-2005]
(A) G.P. (B) A.P. (C) A.P. - G.P. (D) H.P.
8. ABCD is a trapezium such that AB and CD are parallel and BC ⊥ CD. If ∠ADB = θ, BC = p and
CD = q, then AB is equal to : [JEE-Main 2013]
(p2 +q2 )sinθ (p2 +q2 )cosθ p2 +q2
(A) pcosθ+qsinθ (B) pcosθ+qsinθ (C) pcosθ+qsinθ (D) None of these

9. Let the orthocentre and centroid of a triangle be A(−3,5) and B(3,3) respectively. If C is the
circumcentre of this triangle, then the radius of the circle having line segment AC as diameter
is: [JEE-Main 2018]
3√5 5
(A) (B) √10 (C) 2√10 (D) 3√2
2

APNI KAKSHA 11
(MATHEMATICS) SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE
EXERCISE-V
1. If in a △ ABC, a = 6, b = 3 and cos(A − B) = 4/5 then find its area. [REE '97, 6]
2. If in a triangle PQR, sinP, sinQ, sinR are in A.P., then [JEE '98, 2]
(A) the altitudes are in A.P. (B) the altitudes are in H.P.
(C) the medians are in G.P. (D) the medians are in A.P.
3. Two sides of a triangle are of lengths √6 and 4 and the angle opposite to smaller side is 30∘ .
How many such triangles are possible ? Find the length of their third side and area.[REE '98, 6]
4. The radii r1 , r2 , r3 of escribed circles of a triangle ABC are in harmonic progression. If its area is
24 sq. cm and its perimeter is 24 cm, find the lengths of its sides. [REE '99, 6]
π
5. (a) In a triangle ABC, Let ∠C = 2 . If ' r ' is the inradius and ' R ' is the circumradius of the
triangle, then 2(r + R) is equal to:
(A) a + b (B) b + c (C) c + a (D) a + b + c
1
(b) In a triangle ABC, 2ac sin 2 (A − B + C) = [JEE '2000 (Screening) 1+1]
(A) a2 + b2 − c 2 (B) c 2 + a2 − b2 (C) b2 − c 2 − a2 (D) c 2 − a2 − b2
6. Let ABC be a triangle with incentre ' l ' and inradius ' r ' . Let D, E, F be the feet of the
perpendiculars from I to the sides BC, CA & AB respectively . If r1 , r2 & r3 are the radii of circles
inscribed in the quadrilaterals AFIE , BDIF & CEID respectively, prove that
r1 r r r1 r2 r3
+ r−r2 + r−r3 = (r−r . [JEE '2000, 7]
r−r1 2 3 1 )(r−r2 )(r−r3 )
1
7. If Δ is the area of a triangle with side lengths a, b, c, then show that: Δ ≤ 4 √(a + b + c)abc
Also show that equality occurs in the above inequality if and only if a = b = c.[JEE' 2001]
8. Which of the following pieces of data does NOT uniquely determine an acute-angled triangle
ABC ( R being the radius of the circumcircle)? [JEE ' 2002 (Scr), 3 ]
(A) a, sinA, sinB (B) a, b, c (C) a, sinB, R (D) a, sinA, R
9. If In is the area of n sided regular polygon inscribed in a circle of unit radius and On be the area
of the polygon circumscribing the given circle, prove that [JEE 2003, Mains, 4 out of 60]

On 2In 2
In = √
(1 + 1 − ( ) )
2 n

10. The ratio of the sides of a triangle ABC is 1: √3: 2. The ratio A: B: C is [JEE 2004 (Screening)]
(A) 3: 5: 2 (B) 1: √3: 2 (C) 3: 2: 1 (D) 1: 2: 3
11. (a) In △ ABC, a, b, c are the lengths of its sides and A, B, C are the angles of triangle ABC. The
correct relation is [JEE 2005 (Screening)]
B−C A A B−C
(A) (b − c)sin ( ) = acos ( ) (B) (b − c)cos ( ) = asin ( )
2 2 2 2
B+C A A B+C
(C) (b + c)sin ( ) = acos ( 2 ) (D) (b − c)cos ( 2 ) = 2asin ( )
2 2

APNI KAKSHA 12
(MATHEMATICS) SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE
(b) Circles with radii 3, 4 and 5 touch each other externally if P is the point of intersection of
tangents to these circles at their points of contact. Find the distance of P from the points of
contact. [JEE 2005 (Mains), 2]
12. (a) Given an isosceles triangle, whose one angle is 120∘ and radius of its incircle is √3. Then the
area of triangle in sq. units is :
(A) 7 + 12√3 (B) 12 − 7√3 (C) 12 + 7√3 (D) 4π [JEE 2006, 3]
(b) Internal bisector of ∠A of a triangle ABC meets side BC at D. A line drawn through D
perpendicular to AD intersects the side AC at E and the side AB at F. If a, b, c represent sides of
△ ABC then [JEE 2006, 5]
2bc A
(A) AE is HM of b and c (B) AD = b+c cos 2
4bc A
(C) EF = b+c sin 2 (D) the triangle AEF is isosceles

13. If the angles A, B and C of a triangle are in an arithmetic progression and if a, b and c denote the
lengths of the sides opposite to A, B and C respectively, then the value of the expression
a c
sin2C + a sin2A is [JEE 2010]
c
1 √3
(A) 2 (B) (C) 1 (D) √3
2
π
14. Let ABC be a triangle such that ∠ACB = 6 and let a, b and c denote the lengths of the sides

opposite to A, B and C respectively. The value(s) of x for which a = x 2 + x + 1, b = x 2 − 1 and

c = 2x + 1 is (are) [JEE 2010]
(A) −(2 + √3) (B) 1 + √3 (C) 2 + √3 (D) 4√3
15. Consider a triangle ABC and let, a, b and c denote the lengths of the sides opposite to vertices
A, B and C respectively. Suppose a = 6, b = 10 and the area of the triangle is 15√3. If ∠ACB is
obtuse and if r denotes the radius of the incircle of the triangle, then r 2 is equal to [JEE 2010]
7 5
16. Let PQR be a triangle of area Δ with a = 2, b = 2 and c = 2, where a, b and c are the lengths of

the sides of the triangle opposite to the angles at P, Q and R respectively. [JEE 2012]
2sinP−sin2P
Then 2sinP+sin2P equals
3 45 3 2 45 2
(A) 4Δ (B) 4Δ (C) (4Δ) (D) (4Δ)

17. In a triangle PQR, P is the largest angle and cos P = 1/3. Further the incircle of the triangle
touches the sides PQ, QR and RP at N, L and M respectively, such that the lengths of PN, QL and
RM are consecutive even integers. Then possible length(s) of the side(s) of the triangle is/are
[JEE (Adv.)2013]
(A) 16 (B) 18 (C) 24 (D) 22

APNI KAKSHA 13
(MATHEMATICS) SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE
18. In a triangle XYZ, let x, y, z be the lengths of sides opposite to the angles X, Y, Z, respectively, and
s−x s−y s−z 8π
2s = x + y + z. If = = and area of incircle of the triangle XYZ is , then
4 3 2 3
[JEE Advanced-2016]
(A) area of the triangle XYZ is 6√6
35
(B) the radius of circumcircle of the triangle XYZ is √6
6
X Y Z 4
(C) sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 = 35
X+Y 3
(D) sin2 ( )=5
2

19. In a triangle PQR, let ∠PQR = 30∘ and the sides PQ and QR have lengths 10√3 and 10 ,
respectively. Then, which of the following statement(s) is(are) TRUE? [JEE Advanced-2018]
(A) ∠QPR = 45∘
(B) The area of the triangle PQR is 25√3 and ∠QRP = 120∘
(C) The radius of the incircle of the triangle PQR is 10√3 − 15
(D) The area of the circumcircle of the triangle PQR is 100π
20. In a non-right-angled △ PQR, let p, q, r denote the lengths of the sides opposite to the angles at
P, Q, R respectively. The median from R meets the side PQ at S, the perpendicular from P meets
the side QR at E, and RS and PE intersect at O. If p = √3, q = 1 and the radius of the
circumcircle of the △ PQR equals 1 , then which of the following options is/are correct?
√3
(A) Radius of incircle of △ PQR = (2 − √3) [JEE Advanced-2019]
2
√3
(B) Area of △ SOE = 12
√7
(C) Length of RS = 2
1
(D) Length of OE = 6
21. Let x, y and z be positive real numbers, Suppose x, y and z are the length of the sides of a
X Z 2y
triangle opposite to its angles X, Y and Z, respectively. If tan 2 + tan 2 = X+y+z, then which of the
following statements is/are TRUE ? [JEE Advanced-2020]
X x
(A) 2Y = X + Z (B) Y = X + Z (C) tan = y+z (D) x 2 + z 2 − y 2 = xz
2

22. Consider a triangle PQR having sides of length p, q and r opposite to the angles P, Q and R,
respectively. Then which of the following statements is (are)True ? [JEE Advanced-2021]
p2 q−r p−r
(A) cosP ≥ 1 − 2qr (B) cosR ≥ (p+q) cosP + (p+q) cosQ
q+r √sinQsinR p p
(C) <2 (D) If p < q and p < r, then cosQ > r and cosR > q
p sin P

23. In a triangle ABC, let AB = √23, BC = 3 and CA = 4. Then the value of

cot A+cot C
is [JEE Advanced-2021]
cot B

APNI KAKSHA 14
(MATHEMATICS) SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE
ANSWER KEY
PROFICIENCY TEST-01
π
1. 0 2. 3. 0 4. 60∘ 5. 1 6. (√5 + 1): (√5 − 1)
3

7. 24/25 8. 75∘ 9. 30∘ 10. 10,10√3 11. x = 7 12. 2π/3

7√3
13. √3 14. π/6 15. √6 16. √3 + 1 17. 18. √2: 2: (√3 + 1)
2

19. 5 20. 2 cm
PROFICIENCY TEST-02
1. 90∘ 2. bc 3. ¾ 4. ½ 5. 0 6. 30∘ 7. 75∘
√3+1
8. 0 9. 2 10. 1: 3 11. 30∘ 12. cm2 13. 13
2

√3 2π 16
14. 15. √2 16. (i) 4 (ii) √8/7 (iii) 6 17. 18. 19. 4
2 3 7

20. 4π
EXERCISE-I
1
19. 107 23. (2 , 2)

EXERCISE-II
3. 120° 6. /6,/3,/2 8. 400 9. 50 10. 3 cms & 2 cms
7πR
13. 16. 9 19. triangle is isosceles 21. 4
12
5π π b
22 B= ; C = 12 ; c = 2 + √3 23. r = 11 24. 3
12
9
25. units
2

EXERCISE-III
1. D 2. 𝐶 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. D
8. B 9. B 10. B 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. C
15. C
EXERCISE-IV
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B
8. A 9. D
EXERCISE-V
1. 9sq. Unit 2. B
3. 2, (2√3 − √2), (2√3 + √2), (2√3 − √2) & (2√3 + √2) sq. units
4. 6,8,10cms 5. (a) A, (b) B 8. D 10. D 11. (a) B; (b) √5
12. (a) C, (b) A, B, C, D 13. D 14. B 15. 3 16. C 17. B, D
18. A, C, D 19. B, C, D 20. A, C, D 21. BC 22. A, B 23. 2.00
APNI KAKSHA 15