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CONDITIONALS

Conditional sentences contain two clauses: an "if" clause that establishes a condition, and a main clause that states the consequence. There are three types of conditionals: 1) zero conditional for permanent truths, 2) first conditional for realistic present/future situations, and 3) second conditional for improbable present/future situations. The third conditional is used for improbable past situations and employs the past perfect tense in the "if" clause and the perfect conditional in the main clause. Conditional sentences allow us to discuss different hypothetical scenarios and their outcomes.

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25 views4 pages

CONDITIONALS

Conditional sentences contain two clauses: an "if" clause that establishes a condition, and a main clause that states the consequence. There are three types of conditionals: 1) zero conditional for permanent truths, 2) first conditional for realistic present/future situations, and 3) second conditional for improbable present/future situations. The third conditional is used for improbable past situations and employs the past perfect tense in the "if" clause and the perfect conditional in the main clause. Conditional sentences allow us to discuss different hypothetical scenarios and their outcomes.

Uploaded by

Lorena Ramirez Osorio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONDITIONALS

A conditional sentence is based on the word “IF”. There always two parts to a
conditional sentence, one part begins with “IF” to describe a possible situation
and the second part describes the consequence of that condition.

• If + condition + result.
• Result + if + condition.

The zero conditional: 0.


We use the first conditional to talk about permanent truths, such as scientific
facts, general habits.

• If + simple present (condition) + simple present (result)


If you eat a lot of junk food, you get fat. !
If you don’t take care of yourself, you get sick. -
If you eat a lot, are you satisfied?

You get fat if you eat a lot of junk food.


Are you satisfied if you eat a lot?

The first conditional: 1st.


We use first conditional to talk about realistic situations in the present or in
the future.
If + simple present (condition) + future WILL/can/ must. (result)
! If you study hard, you will approve the exam.
-If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam.
? If you study hard, Will you approve the exam?
The second conditional: 2nd
We use the second conditional to talk about improbable or impossible
situations in the present or in the future.

If + simple past (condition) + would/could/should (result)

! if I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.


- If I didn’t buy the tickets, we would have to stay home.
? if they came late, should they come in?

If I were the president, I would implement the death penalty.


If she were here, she could tell you about the problem.

The third conditional: 3rd.


We use third conditional to talk about improbable or impossible situations in
the past.

If + past perfect (condition) + perfect conditional (result).

If we had left earlier, we would have been on time.


Past perfect:
I
You ? had + subject + verb (p.p) + comp?
He had they taken pictures?
She-------had
It -Subject + had not + verb p.p + comp.
We They hadn’t taken pictures.
they
! Subject + had + verb p.p + comp.
They had taken many pictures.

Perfect conditional:

Modal verbs: (could+ would+ should + must + may/might)

? modal verb + subject + present perfect + comp?


Should you have taken pictures?

-Subject + modal verb not + present perfect + comp.


I shouldn’t have taken pictures.

! Subject + modal verb + present perfect + comp.


I should have taken more pictures.

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