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PARTICIPLES and VERBALS

This document discusses participles and verbals. Participles are words formed from verbs that act as adjectives, with the two types being present participles ending in "-ing" and past participles ending in "-ed", "-d", "-t", "-en", or "-n". Verbals are words formed from verbs that do not act as verbs themselves. The two types are gerunds, formed from verbs ending in "-ing" that act as nouns, and infinitives, formed from verbs that act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. The document provides examples and exercises on forming sentences using participles.

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79 views6 pages

PARTICIPLES and VERBALS

This document discusses participles and verbals. Participles are words formed from verbs that act as adjectives, with the two types being present participles ending in "-ing" and past participles ending in "-ed", "-d", "-t", "-en", or "-n". Verbals are words formed from verbs that do not act as verbs themselves. The two types are gerunds, formed from verbs ending in "-ing" that act as nouns, and infinitives, formed from verbs that act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. The document provides examples and exercises on forming sentences using participles.

Uploaded by

esra
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© © All Rights Reserved
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PARTICIPLES and VERBALS

PARTICIPLES are words that are formed from verbs but act as adjectives.
A participle is a word formed from a verb which can be used as an adjective.
The two types of participles are the present participle (ending -ing) and the
past participle (ending -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n).

VERB THE PAST PARTICIPLE THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE


To rise the risen sun the rising sun
To boil the boiled water the boiling water
To break the broken news the breaking news
To cook the cooked ham the cooking ham

VERBALS are words that are formed from verbs but don’t act as verbs.
There re 2 kinds of verbals:
1- GERUNDS: They are words that are formed rom verbs but act as nouns.
(VERB + ing) acting as a NOUN.

The gerund acts as a subject


a direct object
an object of a preposition in a PP
a predicate noun.
2- INFINITIVES: They are words that are formed from a verb but don’t act
as verbs.

The infintive acts as a noun


an adjective
an adverb

EXAMPLES

I love to swim (Noun)


The person to call is Tom (Adjective)
I can’t wait to see (Adverb)

PARTICIPLES
The sentences below give us the same information.
They are grammatically different, but they have something in common.
1. We waved at the woman who was watering her plants.
2. We waved at the woman watering her plants.
“…..who was watering the plants” and “….watering plants” function as
adjectives and they modify “the woman”.
“…..who was watering the plants” is a dependent adjective clause.
“….watering plants” is a participle phrase.

EXERCICE: USING PARTICIPLES TO JOIN


SENTENCES
Join each of the following pairs of sentences, using either :
e.g. knowing: a present participle
e.g. known: a past participle
e.g. having known: a perfect participle
Numbers 17, 28, 33 contain three sentences each. Combine these in the same way.

EXAMPLES:
• He got off his horse. He began searching for something on the ground.
Getting off his horse, he began searching . ……
• I had seen photographs of the place. I had no desire to go there.
Having seen photographs of the place, I had no desire . . .
• The speaker refused to continue. He was infuriated by the interruptions.
Infuriated by the interruptions, the speaker refused. . .

Participle constructions are common in written English.


Join each of the following pairs of sentences, using either a present participle,
a past participle or a perfect participle:

1- I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare.

2- We barricaded the windows. We assembled in the hall.

3- She became tired of my complaints about the programme. She turned it off.

4- He found no one at home. He left the house in a bad temper.

5- She hoped to find the will. She searched everywhere.

6- The criminal removed all traces of his crime. He left the building.

7- He realized that he had missed the last train. He began to walk.

8- He was exhausted by his work. He threw himself on his bed.

9- He had spent all his money. He decided to go home and ask his father for a
job.

10-He escaped from prison. He looked for a place where he could get food.

11- She didn't want to hear the story again. She had heard it all before
12- They found the money. They began quarrelling about how to divide it.

13- She entered the room suddenly. She found them smoking.

14- I turned on the light. I was astonished at what I saw.

15- We visited the museum. We decided to have lunch in the park.

16- offered to show us the way home. He thought we were lost.


17- He found his revolver. He loaded it. He sat down facing the door.

18- She asked me to help her. She realized that she couldn't move it alone.

19- He fed the dog. He sat down to his own dinner.

20- He addressed the congregation. He said he was sorry to see how few of them
had been able to come.

21- He thought he must have made a mistake somewhere. He went through his
calculations again.

22- I have looked through the fashion magazines. I realize that my clothes are
hopelessly out of date.

23-The tree had fallen across the road. It had been uprooted by the gale.

24- People were sleeping in the next room. They were wakened by the sound of
breaking glass.
25- I knew that the murderer was still at large. I was extremely reluctant to open
the door.

26- He stole the silver. He looked for a place to hide it.

27- We were soaked to the skin. We eventually reached the station.

28-I sat in the front row. I used opera glasses. I saw everything beautifully.

29- One evening you will be sitting by the fire. You will remember this day.

30- I didn't like to sit down. I knew that there were ants in the grass.

31- She believed that she could trust him absolutely. She gave him a blank cheque.

32- Slates were ripped off by the gale. They fell on people passing below.

33-The lion found his cage door open. He saw no sign of his keeper. He left the
cage and walked slowly towards the zoo entrance.

34- The government once tried to tax people according to the size of their houses.
They put a tax on windows.

35- I had heard that the caves were dangerous. I didn't like to go any further
without a light.

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