Table of contents

1. Introduction
1.1 Aims & Objectives
1.2 Objectives

2. Literature Review

3. Methodology
3.1 Selection of Site
3.2 Time of concentration and rainfall pattern generation
3.3 Unit hydro graph
3.4 Network diagram
3.5 Preparation of predevelopment hydrograph
3.6 Channel routing
3.7 Developing a sub catchment
3.8 Generating rainfall pattern for developed land
3.9 Unit hydrograph
3.10 Reservoir routing
3.11 Preparation of HEC HMS

4. Results and analysis

4.1 Predevelopment hydrograph
4.2 Post development hydrograph
4.3 Confirmation of results using HEC
4.4 Designing reservoir
4.5 Stage storage curve
4.6 Stage discharge curve
4.7 Routed hydrograph at outlet
4.8 Pre-dev hydrograph and post dev routed hydrograph

5. Conclusion

6. References
1. Introduction
In the rapid growth of the construction industry it is a challenge to meet the council
requirement to execute a proposed project. The area of land undertaken for development in
this report is under the Muswellbrooke council in new south wales, Australia. Total area of
2.63km2 catchment was considered which was further divided into 3-sub catchments. One of
the 3 sub catchments were considered for the development, and a detailed hydrologic
analysis was carried out mainly based on pre-development and post the development.
Hyetographs were generated; unit hydrograph and direct runoff hydrographs for each of the
sub catchments were generated. The flow was routed through the channel over the different
junction and an outflow hydrograph is generated at the end. Soft wares like HEC HMS was
used to verify the results obtained from long hand calculations and to gain more accuracy.
Development activity will reduce the losses and will contribute to generation of more surface
runoff. To compensate the extra volume of runoff water, a hydraulic structure has been
designed so that the stability of the land and the structure is assured. Comparison of the pre
and post development is vital to assure that the project is safer, and to get an approval at the
end.

1.1 Aims and objectives

 This report aims to do a detailed hydrologic analysis and design of hydraulic structures
to compensate the additional volume of runoff generated by the development of land to
get a development approval for a proposed project.

1.2 Objectives

 Generate the predevelopment hydrographs

 Generate the post development hydrographs
 Designing reservoir to compensate additional volume of runoff

Designing hydraulic structures for reducing the post development discharge.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW:

According to McCuen, R.H., Wong time to concentration is defined as the time needed by water
after rainfall to reach the watershed from the most remote point. It very much depends upon the
topographical features of the land under the watershed. For designing of any hydrological
project time to concentration is a very important parameter to find out the peak discharge.
Bransby Williams equation is used to find out the time of concentration for full catchment.
However, we have used the other formula for calculating the time of concentration for
subdivided catchments.

Bransby William equation says that the minimum or maximum flood for a catchment from
produced rainfall is the time taken by the water from rainfall to reach the discharge point from
the distance point in catchment.

Cudennec, C., Fouad, Y., Sumarjo Gatot showed in their results that unit hydrograph can be
defined as the direct runoff hydrograph from 1 cm effective rainfall occurred uniform over the
entire catchment at uniform rate for specified duration.Cudennec,2004,For deriving the unit
hydrograph sum up the volume of direct runoff which is done by adding all the direct runoff
values which is further multiplied with the time interval. Synthetic unit hydrograph is defined as
the hydrograph drawn upon the assumptions of the other hydrograph. Gray,1961, SUH is based
on the catchment storage and it is made using dimension less unit hydrograph.

It was stated in research paper of Duchesne, J., The SCS triangular Unit Hydrograph is used for
generation of the catchment response for 1mm depth of rainfall excess. Unit hydrograph was
calculated for each of the sub catchments. After getting the area of total and subdivided
catchment, derive the unit hydrograph for three sub-catchments from which the 5- minute unit
hydrograph is derived for each sub-divided catchment.

In the study of Gray, D.M., S hydrograph is a kind of summation hydrograph used to adjust the
duration of unit hydrograph. For developing a S- unit hydrograph one should know the storm
duration. S hydrograph allow us to generate adjustment to existing unit hydrograph. S
hydrograph can be defined as the hydrograph generated from uniform rate occurring rainfall for
an indefinite period of time .S hydrograph is used to generate a hydrograph of the duration
which isn’t the integral multiple of the available unit hydrograph. S hydrograph is used where
principle of superposition is not implemented to calculate the unit hydrograph. The reason for
calling it S hydrograph because of the shape of hydrograph is very similar to alphabet S.
Dooge and J.C. says that Muskingum method of channel routing is used to estimate
downstream hydrograph from upstream hydrograph. Fenton, 1989, This method is used to
estimate the floods, therefore also known as Muskingum method of flood routing. Flood routing
is an important aspect of hydrology which progressively determines the timing and magnitude of
a flood wave along a river stream. Muskingum method use two parameters X and K for finding
out the discharge

Where X= weighting factor

K= gradient of storage

investi Kožar, I., Lozzi-Kožar, D. come to conclusion that Utilization of the mass preservation
guideline encourages the introduction of fundamental and differential details dependent on
either the water volume or the water dimension of a self-assertively molded repository.
Reservoir routing is done for estimating the water run off at any place which is very useful in
many surveys before staring any big project.
3. Methodology:
3.1 Selection of site:
The site was selected based on the Land developers request. Using the Six maps
software’s topographic view and a location was selected in the Muswellbrook shire. Using
the rule of drawing perpendicular bisectors to the topographic lines a map was drawn of the
catchment area by using the distance tool of the Six maps. Detailed hydrologic analysis is to
be carried out on the catchment selected.

Figure 1: CATCHMENT

The catchment area was calculated using the Six maps software Area tool. Additionally,
using the coordinate tool coordinates of the catchment was found.

To get council approval for the catchment selected the area is to be divided into sub
catchments. By obeying the same rule of perpendicularly bisecting the topographic lines the
catchment was divided into 3 sub catchments. Following the same steps as mentioned
above the area for each of the sub catchments was also found.

Figure 2: SUB CATCHMENT 1

Figure 3: SUB CATCHMENT 2
 Figure 4: SUB CATCHMENT 3

DESCRIPTION AREA

SUB CATCHMENT 1 1.127 km2

SUB CATCHMENT 2 1.373 km2

SUB CATCHMENT 3 .1253 km2

TOTAL CATCHMENT 2.63 km2

Table 1: Descriptions of sub-catchments

3.2 Time of Concentration & Rainfall Pattern Generation:

Using the equal Area slope found out by the help of Elevation Finder. The time to
concentration of the site was calculated by using Bransby Williams equation.

Knowing the Area of the catchment the Length of the main stream and the equal area slop
the time to concentration was fond out to be 58 mins. The storm duration was taken as 60
mins because in the ARR data hub storm patterns of duration 60 min is available.

Time to concentration of each of the sub catchments were also calculated using the formula

tc =0.76 A0.38
The time of concentration of the sub catchments were less than the time of concentration of
the entire Catchment. Which proved as a check for calculation.

Description Time of concentration

Sub Catchment 1 50 min

Sub Catchment 2 55 min

Sub Catchment 3 20 min

Total Catchment 60 min

Table 2: values approximated to the closest whole number for ease in calculation

Using the ARR data hub knowing our catchments coordinated we generated the Temporal
distribution of rainfall on our catchment for 60 min storm duration.

The council of Muswellbrook Shire requirement for developing a land with residential
building included hydrologic analysis for storm of 1 in 5-year occurrence.
From the 60 min storm temporal distribution frequent storms were taken and an average
value was taken as the percentage of precipitation of 60 min over 5 min intervals.
Knowing the duration of the storm and the frequency of the storm using BOM IFD curves the
precipitation in mm was found out. From where the storm hyetograph was plotted for the
catchment.
 Rainfall
Time Rainfall depth Initial Loss Continuos Rainfall excess Rainfall excess
intensity(mm/
(min) (mm) (mm) Loss (mm/hr) Rate (mm/hr) Depth (mm)
hr)
0-5 7.86 94.29 15.16 0.00 0.00
5-10 7.30 87.57 0.00 0.00
10-15 7.03 84.33 2.50 81.83 6.82
15-20 4.46 53.48 2.50 50.98 4.25
20-25 4.38 52.61 2.50 50.11 4.18
25-30 4.55 54.55 2.50 52.05 4.34
30-35 5.17 61.99 2.50 59.49 4.96
35-40 3.59 43.08 2.50 40.58 3.38
40-45 5.28 63.42 2.50 60.92 5.08
45-50 6.35 76.19 2.50 73.69 6.14
50-55 7.75 93.03 2.50 90.53 7.54
55-60 4.69 56.27 2.50 53.77 4.48

Figure 5: Rainfall pattern

Rainfall Depth
(mm)
9.00
8.00
7.00
Intensity mm/hr)

6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60
Time (min)

Figure 6: Hyetograph
By using the initial and continuous loss model taking account of the infiltration losses the
rainfall excess hyetograph is plotted.
 Rainfall excess
Depth (mm)

8.00

7.00

6.00
Intensity (mm/hr)

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60
Time (min)

Figure 7: Excess hyetograph

3.3 Unit Hydrographs:
The SCS triangular Unit Hydrograph was used for generation of the catchment response for
1mm depth of rainfall excess. Unit hydrograph was calculated for each of the sub
catchments. By using the S hydrograph method 5 min Unit hydrographs were calculated for
each of the sub catchments.

5 min Unit Hydrograph

0.350

0.300

0.250

0.200

0.150

0.100

0.050

0.000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
(tc = 50 min)

Figure 8: Unit hydrograph; SUB CATCMENT 1

 Unit 50 min Unit 5 min Unit
Time
Hydrograph Shift Hydrograph Shift Difference Hydrograph
(min)
(m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s)
0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
5 0.033 0.0332 0 0.033 0.332
10 0.066 0.0664 0.0332 0.033 0.332
15 0.100 0.0996 0.0664 0.033 0.332
20 0.133 0.1328 0.0996 0.033 0.332
25 0.166 0.166 0.1328 0.033 0.332
30 0.199 0.1992 0.166 0.033 0.332
35 0.232 0.2324 0.1992 0.033 0.332
40 0.266 0.2656 0.2324 0.033 0.332
45 0.299 0.2988 0.2656 0.033 0.332
50 0.332 0.00 0.332 0.2988 0.033 0.332
55 0.299 0.03 0.332 0.332 0.000 0.000

Figure 9: Analysis of unit-hydrograph for sub-catchment 1

5 min UH

0.5

0.45

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
(tc = 55 min)

Figure 10: Unit hydrograph; SUB CATCMENT 2

 Unit
50 min Unit 5 min Unit
Time Hydrogr
Shift Hydrograph Shift Difference Hydrograph
(min) aph
(m3/s) (m3/s)
(m3/s)

0 0 0 0 0
5 0.04 0.04 0 0.04 0.44
10 0.08 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.44
15 0.12 0.12 0.08 0.04 0.44
20 0.16 0.16 0.12 0.04 0.44
25 0.2 0.2 0.16 0.04 0.44
30 0.24 0.24 0.2 0.04 0.44
35 0.28 0.28 0.24 0.04 0.44
40 0.32 0.32 0.28 0.04 0.44
45 0.36 0.36 0.32 0.04 0.44
50 0.4 0.4 0.36 0.04 0.44
55 0.44 0 0.44 0.4 0.04 0.44
60 0.4 0.04 0.44 0.44 0 0

Figure 11: Analysis of unit hydrograph for sub-catchment 2

5min Unit Hydrograph

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
(tc = 20 min)
Figure 12: Unit hydrograph; SUB CATCMENT 3
 Unit
20 min Unit 5 min Unit
Time Hydrograp
Shift Hydrograph Shift Difference Hydrograph
(min) h
(m3/s) (m3/s)
(m3/s)
0 0 0 0 0
5 0.0497 0.0497 0 0.0497 0.1988
10 0.0994 0.0994 0.0497 0.0497 0.1988
15 0.1491 0.1491 0.0994 0.0497 0.1988
20 0.1988 0 0.1988 0.1491 0.0497 0.1988
25 0.1491 0.0497 0.1988 0.1988 0 0

Figure 13: Analysis for unit hydrograph for sub-catchment 3

3.4 Network diagram:

Figure 14: Network diagram

 The sub catchment 1 and 2 meet at A. Hence the DRH from the two sub catchments will be
combined at A. From there it will travel to B, where it will combine with the DRH form sub
catchment 3 and leave the catchment from the outlet.

3.5 Preparation of pre-development Hydrograph:

Hydrograph Construction using the Unit Hydrograph approach was used. Using the
Hydrograph Convolution, the hydrograph resulting from each 5 min storm was found and
summed to get the total storm hydrograph. This method is based on Linearity and
superposition.

Figure 15: Preparing pre-development discharge hydrograph

Using the approach of superposition and linearity we plotted the flood hydrographs of each
sub catchments preparation for the Outflow Hydrograph

3.6 Channel Routing:

Using Muskingum channel routing method, the change in the shape of the hydrograph as it
travels through the channel is calculated using the Muskingum equation.

Where;
 Subject to condition of C0 + C2 + C3 = 1

3.7 Developing a Sub catchment:

As per requirement of the land developer the sub catchment 2 is to be developed by 80 %.
Using this reduced area of the sub catchment 2 we will get a reduced time to concentration
of the Sub catchment 2.

3.8 Generating rainfall pattern for developed land:

Because of the development of the sub catchment the impervious layer introduced will allow
less initial and continuous losses. Thus, it will result in increased rainfall depth over the
developed sub catchment.
 Rainfall Rainfall
Rainfall Rainfall
Time Initial Loss Contineuous excess excess
Depth Intensity
(min) (mm) Loss (mm/hr) Rate Depth
(mm) (mm/hr)
(mm/hr) (mm)
0-5 7.86 94.29 7.86 0.00 0.00
5-10 7.30 87.57 1.00 86.57 7.21
10-15 7.03 84.33 1.00 83.33 6.94
15-20 4.46 53.48 1.00 52.48 4.37
20-25 4.38 52.61 1.00 51.61 4.30
25-30 4.55 54.55 1.00 53.55 4.46
30-35 5.17 61.99 1.00 60.99 5.08
35-40 3.59 43.08 1.00 42.08 3.51
40-45 5.28 63.42 1.00 62.42 5.20
45-50 6.35 76.19 1.00 75.19 6.27
50-55 7.75 93.03 1.00 92.03 7.67
55-60 4.69 56.27 1.00 55.27 4.61

Figure 16: Rainfall pattern for developed area

By reducing the initial and continues losses the rainfall will take less time to reach the sub
catchment outlet.

Rainfall excess Depth (mm)

9.00

8.00

7.00

6.00

5.00 Rainfall excess Depth (mm)

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Figure 17: Excess rainfall hyetograph

3.9 Unit hydrograph:
Using the same concept of SCS Triangular hydrograph and S hydrograph 5 min hydrograph
for developed sub catchment 2 is generated. Because of the decrease in time to
concentration the unit hydrograph will have to be calculated again for the new tc.
 Before
Devolupment
tc2 55 min
Area 1.373 km2

After
Devolupment
tc2 30 min
Area (80%) 0.27 km2

Figure 18: TIME TO CONCENTRATION OF DEVELOPED SUBCATCMENT

Unit 30 min Unit 5 min Unit

Time
Hydrograph Shift Hydrograph Shift Difference Hydrograph
(min)
(m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s)
0 0 0 0 0
5 0.14 0.14 0 0.14 0.84
10 0.28 0.28 0.14 0.14 0.84
15 0.42 0.42 0.28 0.14 0.84
20 0.56 0.56 0.42 0.14 0.84
25 0.7 0.7 0.56 0.14 0.84
30 0.84 0 0.84 0.7 0.14 0.84
35 0.7 0.14 0.84 0.84 0 0

Figure 19: Analysis of unit-hydrograph for developed sub-catchment 2

5 min UH
0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Figure 20: Unit-hydrograph for developed sub-catchment 2

3.10 Reservoir Routing:
Determining the change in the shape of the hydrograph as it travels through a reservoir at
the outlet. By doing so the Outflow discharge Peak is reduced and the time to peak is
increased. Using the Stage Storage and Stage Discharge curves the Outflow discharge is
calculated. For this reason, a reservoir is also designed based on the post-dev outflow
hydrograph.

3.11 Preparation of HEC HMS:

First, we need to give the name of our project from the file after selecting new in left of screen.
After that, select the Basin model manger from components by which the system allows to draw
your sub-catchments.

In this project we have made 3 sub-catchments and named them sub-catchment 1, sub-
catchment 2 and sub-catchment 3. Sub-catchments are made with the help of sub-basin
creation tool.

After drawing the sub-catchments, from the reach creation tool reach1, reach2 and reach 3 are
made. The purpose of drawing the reach is to tell system where the sub-catchments are flowing
into.

The next step is to make junctions where the sub-catchments ends into. Therefore, for sub-
catchment 1 and subjection 2, junction A is made. From junction A the water flow goes into
junction B. the purpose of making junction is to tell system where the flow of sub-catchment is
meeting into.

For each sub-catchment, reach and junction there is data required to be filled before moving to
the other components of project. After clicking on sub-catchment, the system will ask for the
area of that catchment and in this project, transform method is selected to unit specified
hydrograph method and baseflow method to none and this is set according to the need.

Here it is very important to give downstream of every sub-catchment, reach and junction to get
accurate results from the system.
In this work, the routing is done at reach 3 with Muskingum method by giving the system values
of K and X derived from the work. Value of k is 0.1166 and weighting factor(x)=0.2

Figure 21: Generating the catchment model in HEC-HMS

Another component which time-series data manager is created from the component tool. In
here, gage 1 is named for telling the system units, data source and time interval. Here system
ask about the starting and ending date of rainfall with starting and ending time of storm which is
8 may2019 and time duration is 1 hour in this project. Rainfall depth in mm is filled into the table
option next to time window for time-series gage.
 Figure 22: Adding rainfall pattern to the catchment

Select the next component which is paired data manager. The data type for this is unit
hydrograph curves and total of three hydrographs are made named unit hydrograph 1, 2 and 3.
For each unit hydrograph the value we got for the 5-min unit hydrograph is filled into time and
discharge table for each hydrograph. For each sub-catchment, from the transform select the unit
hydrograph for their catchment respectively.
 Figure 23: Adding unit-hydrographs for each sub-catchments

From meteorological data manger a new section is made named met-1. After selecting it
hydrograph system will ask to include sub-basins for which yes option is selected. Then from
the specified hydrograph for each sub-catchment the created gage1 is selected.
 Figure 24: Assigning rainfall patterns to each sub-catchment

In control specification manager a new section named Control 1 is made. Again, the system will
ask for starting and ending date, starting- ending time of storm and time interval. The useful
data is filled into the required options. However, in this step the time duration is increased from
1 hour to 2:30 hour in our project.

Figure 25: Setting the control for the result analysis

At last from the above options, compute is selected from where create compute is opted for
simulation run.
 Figure 26: Simulation runs

Project will only run if all the input data is correct. If it is okay, then a notification bar of success
will appear on the screen.
4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS:
4.1 Pre-Dev Hydrographs:

DRH form subcatchment 1

18.000

16.000

14.000

12.000

10.000

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0.000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Figure 27: DRH for SUB CATCMENT 1

DRH from subcatchment 2

25.000

20.000

15.000

10.000

5.000

0.000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Figure 28: SUB CATCMENT 2

 DRH from Subcatchment 3
5.000

4.500

4.000

3.500

3.000

2.500

2.000

1.500

1.000

0.500

0.000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

Figure 29: SUB CATCMENT 3

The DRH from Sub Catchment 1 and Sub Catchment 2 meets at point A where they
combine. Summation of the DRH from the two sub catchments gives us the DRH at the
point A.

DRH at A
45.000

40.000

35.000

30.000

25.000

20.000

15.000

10.000

5.000

0.000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115

Subcatchment 1 Subcatchment 2 DRH at A

Figure 30: Combined Hydrograph

 Routed Hydrograph
45.00

40.00

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00
10.00

5.00

0.00
0
5
10

20

30
35
40

50
55

65

75
80
85
90
95
15

25

45

60

70

0
0

0
5

5
10

11

12

13
14

15
10

11

12

13

14

15
Hydrograph at A Hydrograph at B

Figure 31: Routed Hydrograph at B

The routing is achieved by using the following parameters in the Muskingum equations for
channel routing.
 Dt 5 min
K 7 min
x 0.2

K-Kx+0.5Dt 8.1 C0 0.1358

-Kx+0.5Dt 1.1 C1 0.4815
Kx+0.5Dt 3.9 C2 0.3827
K-Kx-0.5Dt 3.1 C0 +C1+C2 1.0000

TR 60 min
Dt <= 0.25 TR 0.25 TR 15 min
Dt <= K K 7 min
Dt >= 2 K x 2K x 2.8 min
Dt 5 min

Peak Attenuation 5.80 m3/sec

Peak Translation 5 min

Figure 32: Channel Routing

Pre Development Hydrograph

45.00

40.00

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00
0
5

60

70
75
80
85
90
95
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55

65

0
5
0
5
0
5
0
5
0
5
0
5
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15

Hydrograph from A&B Subcatchment 3 Pre Dev Outflow Hydrograph

Figure 33: Hydrograph at catchment outlet

4.2 Post development Hydrographs:
Using the previous technique, the DRH for the developed sub catchment is generated using
the post dev rainfall and UH.

5 min UH
12.00

10.00

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Figure 34: Post Dev DRH Sub catchment 2

Using the previous concepts, the post developed DRH will add with the DRH form sub
catchment 1 and point A using simple summation as following.
 Post Dev Hydrograph at A
50.000
45.000
40.000
35.000
30.000
25.000
20.000
15.000
10.000
5.000
0.000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

Sub catchment 1 Post Dev sub catchment 2 post dev hydrograph at A

Figure 35: Combined outflow hydrograph

Using the Muskingum method for channel routing the hydrograph at A will be routed over
channel length of 200 meters to get the routed hydrograph at B.

50

45 Chart Title
40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100105110115120125130135140145

Hydrograph at A Hydrograph at B
 Figure 36: Post Dev Routed Hydrograph at B

The following parameters were used in the Muskingum channel routing.

Dt 5 min
K 7 min
x 0.2

K-Kx+0.5Dt 8.1 C0 0.1358

-Kx+0.5Dt 1.1 C1 0.4815
Kx+0.5Dt 3.9 C2 0.3827
K-Kx-0.5Dt 3.1 C0 +C1 +C2 1.0000

TR 60 min
Dt <= 0.25 TR 0.25 TR 15 min
Dt <= K K 7 min
Dt >= 2 K x 2K x 2.8 min
Dt 5 min

Peak Attenuation 2.28 m3 /sec

Peak Translation 5 min

Figure 37: Channel routing for developed

The routed Hydrograph at B will be combined with the DRH from sub catchment 3 using
summation of the DRH we will get the final Post developed Hydrograph at the catchment
outlet.
 Chart Title
50.00
45.00
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
0
5

60

70
75
80
85
90
95
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55

65

0
5
0
5
0
5
0
5
0
5
6
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
14
Routed hydrogrpah Sub catchment 3 Final outflow Hydrograph
Figure 38: Post Dev Outflow Hydrograph
 Pre dev & Post Dev Hydrographs
50.00
45.00
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
0
5

30
35

75
80
10
15
20
25

40
45
50
55
60
65
70

85
90
95
0
5
0
5
0
5
0
5
0
5
0
5
10
11

14
14

15
10

11
12
12
13
13

15
PRE dev POST dev
Figure 39: Comparison between Pre and Post development Hydrographs

4.3 Confirmation of results using HEC HMS:

After running the project, we get the results of our data input.
FOR SUBCATCHMENT 1
 Figure 40: Hydrograph for the run- off in sub-catchment 1

This is the time series table which shows the time and date of storm. It shows the value of
precipitation, loss, excess, direct flow, base flow and total flow values.

Figure 42: hyetograph for sub-catchment 1

FOR SUBCATCHMENT 2

Figure 43: hydrograph for sub-catchment 2

Figure 44: Time series table of sub-catchment 2

FOR SUBCATCHMENT 3

The picture below shows

Figure 45: the hydrograph for sub-catchment 3

Figure 46: Hydrograph for sub-catchment 3

REACH 1

Figure 47: the hydrograph obtained from sub catchment run off at 1
REACH 2

Figure 48: The water run- off from sub-catchment 2

REACH 3

Routing is done using Muskingum method filling the value of k=0.1166 and x=0.2

Figure 49: hydrograph after routing.

JUNCTION A

Figure 50: hydrograph from sub-catchments 1 and 2

JUNCTION B

Figure 51: Outlet hydrographs from all the sub-catchments

OUTLET

Figure 52: final hydrograph at outlet

Figure 53: Time series table

4.4 Designing Reservoir:
Using the post development hydrograph and Peek discharge value of pre-development
discharge the total volume of the additional water in the catchment can be calculated which
will be the volume of our reservoir.

Post Devolupment DRH

50.00

45.00

40.00

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14
0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5

Figure 54: Analysis for reservoir volume using Post-development hydrograph

The volume calculated was increased by 10% to account for the curvature of the rising limb
of the actual hydrograph unlike the straight line used to represent pre-developed peek
Discharge. By complying with the council requirement, the Height of the reservoir is kept at
1.5 m as safety requirement.

Dimensions of Reservoir
(Trapezoid)
side slope (m) = 1:0.2
 A = 70 m
B = 90 m
Depth = 2.0 m
Death water height = .2 m

Length = 230 m
vol of pond = 36300 m3

Table 3: Dimensions of reservoir

4.5 Stage Storage Curve:

Using the dimensions selected the storage capacity versus the height of the water level in
the reservoir is plotted as the water level rises.

Height (m) length (m) width (m) Area (m2) Vol (m3)
0 35 10 350 0
0.2 35.12 10.12 355.4144 70.54144
0.4 35.36 10.36 366.3296 144.3488
0.6 35.72 10.72 382.9184 224.7744
0.8 36.2 11.2 405.44 315.3434
1 36.8 11.8 434.24 419.84
1.2 37.52 12.52 469.7504 542.3942
1.4 38.36 13.36 512.4896 687.568
1.5 39.26 14.26 559.8476 804.2529
Figure 55: Analysis for stage storage curve
 VOLUME
900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6

Figure 56: Stage Storage Curve

4.6 Stage Discharge Curve:

discharge through length of

Vol (m3) height for orifice diameter of orifice cd discharge of orifice dishcrge through orifices weir weir Q S/dt 2s/dt + Q
0 0 1 0.62 0 0 0 20 0 0 0
3222.401 0 1 0.62 0 0 0 20 0 10.74134 21.48267
6459.213 0.2 1 0.62 0.963616837 9.636168371 0 20 9.636168 21.53071 52.69759
9724.886 0.4 1 0.62 1.36276 13.6276 0 20 13.6276 32.41629 78.46018
13033.95 0.6 1 0.62 1.669033321 16.69033321 0 20 16.69033 43.44649 103.5833
16401.04 0.8 1 0.62 1.927233674 19.27233674 0 20 19.27234 54.67013 128.6126
19840.96 1 1 0.62 2.154712752 21.54712752 1.109089717 20 22.65622 66.13652 154.9293
23368.69 1.2 1 0.62 2.360369559 23.60369559 3.136979439 20 26.74068 77.89563 182.5319
26999.45 1.4 1 0.62 2.54949051 25.4949051 5.762999219 20 31.2579 89.99817 211.2542
30748.73 1.6 1 0.62 2.72552 27.2552 8.872717735 20 36.12792 102.4958 241.1194
34632.32 1.8 1 0.62 2.890850511 28.90850511 12.4 20 41.30851 115.4411 272.1906

Figure 57: Analysis of Stage-discharge curve

Using a combination of orifice and weir to control the discharge at the outlet. We used 10
orifices with 1 m diameter, and 20 m length of 1 m depth weir.
 2s/dt + Q
300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Figure 58: Stage-discharge body

4.7 Routed Hydrograph at Outlet:

Time inflow (In) In + In + 2Sn/t - Qn 2Sn/t + Qn Qn

(min) 1
0 0.00 0.00 0 0 0
5 0.00 0.00 0 0 0
10 0.82 0.82 0 0.82 0
15 6.51 7.33 0.82296033 8.16 0
20 13.60 20.11 8.15683104 28.27 2.09530214
25 19.95 33.55 24.0794824 57.63 10.400627
30 26.04 45.99 36.830511 82.82 14.1586155
35 30.97 57.00 54.4987864 111.50 17.5070438
40 35.40 66.37 76.4862173 142.85 21.103289
45 36.41 71.81 100.645463 172.46 25.2500411
50 37.69 74.10 121.95818 196.06 28.8684299
55 41.03 78.72 138.324164 217.04 32.2015638
60 45.11 86.14 152.638071 238.78 35.7460253
65 45.47 90.58 167.28545 257.87 38.9203916
70 41.04 86.50 180.026858 266.53 40.364997
75 35.43 76.46 185.801841 262.26 39.6532708
80 29.28 64.71 182.956631 247.66 37.2191566
85 22.94 52.23 173.225967 225.45 33.490853
90 15.95 38.89 158.470488 197.36 29.0731915
95 10.64 26.59 139.216595 165.80 24.2650764
100 7.52 18.15 117.271743 135.43 20.1484805
105 5.00 12.52 95.1294707 107.65 17.1096023
110 2.63 7.63 73.4284036 81.06 13.9445019
115 1.01 3.64 53.1706712 56.81 10.2729218
120 0.39 1.39 36.2616516 37.65 4.99200603
125 0.15 0.53 27.6695105 28.20 2.07434585
130 0.06 0.20 24.0535102 24.26 0.85656361
135 0.02 0.08 22.5442525 22.62 0.3518008
140 0.01 0.03 21.918675 21.95 0.14381444
145 0.00 0.01 21.6609073 21.67 0.05855023
145 0.00 0.00 21.5552351 21.56 0.02337734
145 0.00 21.5116436 21.51 0
Table 4: Analysis of discharge after reservoir design
 Chart Title
50.00
45.00
40.00
35.00
30.00
Discharge

25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Time

Post Development Hydrograph RESERVIOR Routed Post Dev Hydrograph

Figure 59: Post-developed hydrograph vs routed hydrograph

The Routed hydrograph from the reservoir complied with the condition of reservoir routing. The
routed hydrograph cuts the recession limb of the post dev hydrograph and the peak discharge is
reduced as well as there is increase in time to achieve peak discharge.
4.8 Pre-dev Hydrograph & Post-dev routed Hydrograph:

Chart Title
45.00
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
Discharge

20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
0

10

30

40

60

80

90
20

50

70

0
10

12

14
11

13

15
Time

Pre Dev Q at outlet Post dev Q at Outlet

Figure 60: Pre-dev and Post-dev routed hydrographs

The post-dev routed outflow hydrograph has reduced max Q, which satisfied the council
requirement for development of land. Which states that the Qp after development must be lower
than or equal to the pre-development hydrograph.
 Pre Dev Post Dev
Outflow Routed
Hydrograph Hydrograph
TIME (m3/s) Qn (m3/s)
0 0.00 0.00
5 0.00 0.00
10 0.00 0.00
15 2.07 0.00
20 6.17 2.10
25 10.26 10.40
30 14.38 14.16
35 17.39 17.51
40 20.70 21.10
45 24.01 25.25
50 28.09 28.87
55 33.11 32.20
60 38.32 35.75
65 40.58 38.92
70 38.92 40.36
75 34.69 39.65
80 30.74 37.22
85 27.51 33.49
90 24.11 29.07
95 20.79 24.27
100 17.41 20.15
105 13.35 17.11
110 8.64 13.94
115 4.26 10.27
120 1.63 4.99
125 0.62 2.07
130 0.24 0.86
135 0.09 0.35
140 0.03 0.14
145 0.01 0.06
150 0.01 0.02
155 0.00 0.00

Figure 61: Pre-development vs post development hydrograph

5. CONCLUSION:
From the final comparison in the outflow of the pre-developed region to that of the post-
development we can conclude that, with the design of the reservoir we were able to
keep the discharge almost similar even after the development.
6. REFERENCES

McCuen, R.H., Wong, S.L. and Rawls, W.J., 1984. Estimating urban time of concentration.
Journal of hydraulic Engineering, 110(7), pp.887-904.

Cudennec, C., Fouad, Y., Sumarjo Gatot, I. and Duchesne, J., 2004. A geomorphological
explanation of the unit hydrograph concept.

1961. Synthetic unit hydrographs for small watersheds. Journal of the Hydraulics Division,
87(4), pp.33-54.al Processes, 18(4), pp.603-621.

Dooge, J.C., Strupczewski, W.G. and Napiórkowski, J.J., 1982. Hydrodynamic derivation of
storage parameters of the Muskingum model. Journal of Hydrology, 54(4), pp.371-387.

Kožar, I., Lozzi-Kožar, D. and Jeričević, Ž., 2010. A note on the reservoir routing problem.
European Journal of Mechanics-B/Fluids, 29(6), pp.522-533.