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HEC-RAS Bridge Example

This document provides instructions for modeling a bridge in HEC-RAS using a case study example. It describes inserting a 30-foot wide bridge at the midpoint of a 1000 foot long trapezoidal channel. Four new cross sections are created around the bridge location and the bridge geometry is defined including the deck/roadway, central pier, and sloping abutments. Ineffective flow areas and expansion/contraction coefficients are specified for upstream and downstream cross sections. The simulation is then run for discharges of 400 cfs and 2000 cfs.

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21 views4 pages

HEC-RAS Bridge Example

This document provides instructions for modeling a bridge in HEC-RAS using a case study example. It describes inserting a 30-foot wide bridge at the midpoint of a 1000 foot long trapezoidal channel. Four new cross sections are created around the bridge location and the bridge geometry is defined including the deck/roadway, central pier, and sloping abutments. Ineffective flow areas and expansion/contraction coefficients are specified for upstream and downstream cross sections. The simulation is then run for discharges of 400 cfs and 2000 cfs.

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HEC-RAS Bridge Example

CEES 4123: Open Channel Flow

For this example, we will start with the previous HEC-RAS in-class example:

5 ft

Trapezoidal channel with:


Q = 400 cfs b=20 ft m=2
S0=0.0016 n=0.025

For this example, the channel was 1000 ft long, and had a trapezoidal cross section at the
downstream end defined by (0,10), (20,0), (40,0), (60,10)

Steps:
1. Open the previous example project. Make sure all parts of it load. If they don’t, go to the
individual parts and choose File>Open. (Do this for Geometry, Steady Flow Data, and Run
Steady Flow Simulation as needed.)

2. Use Save As to save the project under a new name.

We will insert a 30-foot -wide bridge (in the direction of flow) at the midpoint of the
channel length (500 ft from downstream end). The bridge will look like the following:

3. Our first step is to create the four new cross sections needed. We will use the old Army Corps
guidelines for this example. (See the Bridges in HEC-RAS handout.)

(𝐴𝐵 + 𝐶𝐷 (20 + 20)


𝑠𝑐
̅ = = = 20
2 2
La = sc = 20′
Le = 4 X sc = 80′

The four new stations are as defined in the table on the next page:

1
Station Position Downstream Dist. (ft) Vert Shift from Stn. 0
1 395 395 0.63
2 475 80 0.76
3 525 50 0.84
4 545 20 0.87

Approach:
First: Change the downstream length of Station 1000 to 455’
Next: Make four copies of station 0, editing the position, downstream distance, and cross
section. (Shift the cross section up by the interpolated values in the table above.)

Now: Insert a Bridge and define its geometry:


4. From Geometry, click on the Bridge/Culvert icon (left side).
5. To create a new bridge, click Options>Add New Bridge or Culvert
6. Enter the river station for the bridge (in this case, 500)
7. Click on the Deck/Roadway icon (left side) and enter for Upstream:
Station high chord low chord
0 11 9 (This defines the bridge roadway, from left to right)
60 11 9

- Click Copy US to DS
- Enter: Distance=10, Width=30
(Distance is the upstream distance from the edge of the bridge, Width is the width
of the bridge. See the help file for more info.)
- Click OK

8. Enter the central pier. Click the Pier button. (For one pier, you don’t need to click Add.)
For the upstream side, enter:

Width Elevation
2 0
2 9

- Click Copy US to DS
- For Centerline Station enter 30 for both Upstream and Downstream
- Click OK

9. Add the abutments. Click the Sloping Abutments button.


For the first one you don’t need to click Add. Enter for Upstream:
Station Elevation
0 9
20 9
20 0
- Click Copy Up to Down
- Click Add to add the right Abutment. Enter:

2
Station Elevation
40 0
40 9
60 9
- Click Copy Up to Down
- Click Ok

10. Edit ineffective areas and expansion/contraction coefficients for the upstream/downstream
stations.

Open Cross Section 525 (upstream of bridge)


Select Options>Ineffective Flow Areas

Left Right
Station 20 40
Elevation 11 11

(The 11’ is the top chord upstream. See the Reference Manual, Ch. 5 for info.)

- Click Ok

For this cross section, set contraction and expansion coefficients to 0.3 and 0.5,
respectively. (See the Reference Manual, Ch. 5 for info.)

- Click Apply Data

Open Cross Section 475 (downstream of bridge)


Select Options>Ineffective Flow Areas

Left Right
Station 20 40
Elevation 10 10

(The 10’ is the halfway between the top and bottom chords downstream. See the
Reference Manual, Ch. 5 for info.)

- Click Ok

For this cross section, set contraction and expansion coefficients to 0.3 and 0.5,
respectively. (See the Reference Manual, Ch. 5 for info.)

- Click Apply Data

NOTE: If you interpolate any cross sections between sections 1 and 4, you have to go
back and interpolate ineffective areas for the new sections.

3
11. Interpolate cross sections between 0 and 395, and 545 and 100. Use a 5’ spacing for this
problem.

12. Return to Geometry>Bridge/Culvert and edit the Bridge Modeling Options. Select
appropriate options for the problem you’re solving. See the reference manual!

13. Run for Q=400, Q=2000 cfs.


Note: Run both as Mixed, and specify normal depth as the upstream control, 5’ WS as
the downstream control. (You can run both simultaneously by setting them up as two
profiles.)

Essential Reading:
1. The HEC-RAS Reference Manual, Ch. 5 (Bridges):
C:\Program Files (x86)\HEC\HEC-RAS\5.0.3\Documents\HEC-RAS 5.0 Reference Manual.pdf
This document has all the details on parameters and modeling options – info you need to
do a physically realistic simulation.

2. The HEC-RAS User’s Manual


C:\Program Files (x86)\HEC\HEC-RAS\5.0.3\Documents\HEC-RAS 5.0 User Manual.pdf
This document has details about how things are entered in the program, and what they
mean. This is what opens when you select Help from the menu.

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