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Grade 8: Lesson 1 in Geometry

This geometry lesson introduces key terms like postulate, theorem, definition, and undefined terms. It defines geometry as the measurement of earth and earthly objects. Euclid of Alexandria wrote The Elements, establishing foundational concepts of plane and solid geometry through definitions, postulates, and theorems. Key undefined terms are points, lines, and planes, along with defined terms like segments and rays. Postulates establish basic geometric rules like two points defining a single unique line and three non-collinear points defining a single unique plane.

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18K views4 pages

Grade 8: Lesson 1 in Geometry

This geometry lesson introduces key terms like postulate, theorem, definition, and undefined terms. It defines geometry as the measurement of earth and earthly objects. Euclid of Alexandria wrote The Elements, establishing foundational concepts of plane and solid geometry through definitions, postulates, and theorems. Key undefined terms are points, lines, and planes, along with defined terms like segments and rays. Postulates establish basic geometric rules like two points defining a single unique line and three non-collinear points defining a single unique plane.

Uploaded by

Yna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geometry: Quarter 1 – Lesson 1

Introduction to Geometry: Postulate

- Is a statement about geometry that


1. Origins of the Word Geometry
is assumed and accepted without
Geometry proof.

- Geo - earth
- Metria / Metron – measurement
Theorem
- Earth measurements and
measurement of earthly objects - Is a statement that has to be
- Formally defined: Geometry is the proved from previously known
scientific and systematic study of facts, namely, definitions,
points, lines, surfaces, solids, and postulates, and already-proved
higher-dimensional spaces. theorems.

2. Euclid of Alexandria & The Elements 3. Mathematical Terms Used in


- Euclid of Alexandria wrote a tome Geometry
called The Elements - Definition
- Consists of 13 Books - Axiom
- Mathematical treatise - Postulate
- Topics: - Common notion
- Plane and Solid Euclidean - Proposition
Geometry - Theorem
- Elementary Number Theory - Corollary
- Book 1: 23 Definitions, 5 Postulates, - Lemma
5 Common Notions, and 48
Propositions
Undefined Terms: Points, Lines, and Planes

1. Point
- Is an undefined term in Geometry
Definition that has no size, no dimension,
merely position.
- Is simply a common agreement as
to the meaning of a specific
concept.
2. Line
- It uses brief terms for the term to
- Line is also one of the undefined
be defined.
terms.
- It uses undefined terms or
previously defined words.
- It is reversible.
- It consists of infinitely many points 1. Segment
that extend without end in both - Is a set of points on a
directions. line if and only if it
- A line usually by using a lowercase consists of two points,
letter, or any of the two points called endpoints, and
found on the line. all points between
- Two points are said to be collinear them.
if and only if the two points lie on
the same line.

Collinear

- Two or more points lying on the


same line are collinear.

Coplanar
3. Plane
- Points and/or lines lying on the
same lane are coplanar.

If A, B, and C are collinear, then B is


between A and C if AB + BC = AC
- Is the third undefined term. It can
be illustrated as a flat surface with
no thickness, and that extends
Postulate 1:
without end in all directions.
- Although the plane has no - A line contains at least two points;
boundaries, it is usually pictured a plane contains at least three
using a four-sided figure. Planes noncollinear points; and a space
are named by a capital letter or contains at least four non-collinear
three points on the plane that are points.
not on the same line.
- Points are coplanar if and only if
they lie on the same plane

Defined Terms: Segments and Rays


Postulate 6 (The Two Lines/ Plane
Postulate):

- Drag around some of the points


below and view the figure from
different perspectives.

Postulate 2 (The Line Postulate):


Theorem:
- For every two points, there is
exactly one line that contains both - Given two intersecting lines, there
points. is exactly one plane containing
both.
2. Ray
Postulate 3: - Is a set of points on a line that has
a fixed point on the line, but no
- Through any two points, there are endpoint.
infinitely many planes. Through any - It can extend infinitely in one
three points, there is at least one direction.
plane. Through any three - It can pass more than one point
noncollinear points, there is exactly when it is extended infinitely.
one plane.

Postulate 4:

- If two points are in a plane, then


the line that contains the points is
in that plane.

Angles

Postulate 5:

- If two plains intersect, then the


intersection is a line.
- Formally defined, is any figure if
and only if it is the union of two
non-collinear rays, the sides, and
having a common endpoint, the
vertex.

Types of Angles Based on Measurement

Angle Addition Postulate

- The measure of an angle formed by


two angles side-by-side is the sum of
the measures of the two angles.
- On the illustration given on the left,
given m<GEM = 82°,
- Find the m<GEO and m<OEM, given
that their measurements are (3x-8)°
and (-2x + 76) °, respectively

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