100 Parajumbles
100 Parajumbles
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Parajumbles
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Table of Contents
Content Page
Questions 1
Solutions 43
Q get started…
Let’s
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Questions
S.1-100) The five sentences labelled (A, B, C, D, and E) given in the questions,
when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled
with an alphabet. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this
sequence of five alphabets as your answer.
Q.1)
A) As the name suggests, naturopathy invokes ‘naturalness’ to bind together what
are otherwise fundamentally disparate interventions.
B) This anti-establishment melting pot approach to healing is a global
phenomenon, best exemplified by ‘naturopathy’, a popular healing system
pioneered in late 19th-century Germany.
C) At the Immanuel Medicine Zehlendorf naturopathy clinic in Berlin, for instance,
patients have an enormous variety of options available: nutrition supplements,
high-dose Vitamin C infusions, leech therapy, dry and bloody cupping, and many
herbal medicines – drawn from Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medicine, Swiss
hydrotherapy and ‘Indigenous’ traditions.
D) Two centuries ago, lumping these together would have seemed completely
nonsensical.
E) It doesn’t matter that these systems are built on fundamentally different
metaphysical systems and causal theories of illness.
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Q.2)
A) They identify causal mechanisms that reliably execute various functions such as
copying DNA, attacking antigens, photosynthesizing, discerning temperature
gradients, capturing prey, finding their way back to their nests and so forth.
B) Biologists like to think of themselves as properly scientific behaviourists,
explaining and predicting the ways that proteins, organelles, cells, plants, animals
and whole biota behave under various conditions, thanks to the smaller parts of
which they are composed.
C) But they don’t think that this acknowledgment of functions implicates them in
any discredited teleology or imputation of reasons and purposes or understanding
to the cells and other parts of the mechanisms they investigate.
D) But when cognitive science turned its back on behaviourism more than 50 years
ago and began dealing with signals and internal maps, goals and expectations,
beliefs and desires, biologists were torn.
E) All right, they conceded, people and some animals have minds; their brains are
physical minds – not mysterious dualistic minds – processing information and
guiding purposeful behaviour; animals without brains, such as sea squirts, don’t
have minds, nor do plants or fungi or microbes.
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Q.3)
A) He was revolted by the ‘Bacchanalians’ who were so intoxicated that ‘the only
thing intelligible in [their conversation] was oaths and God damns’, and left the
tavern only when they found ‘no more rum in play’.
B) On the contrary, he hoped to control the masses from a safe distance: to ‘keep
the great Leviathan of Civil Society under proper discipline and order … as that the
frantic animal may not destroy itself.’
C) Upon arriving at a Maryland tavern in 1744, Dr Alexander Hamilton (not to be
confused with the more famous secretary of the treasury) found himself seated
amid a ‘drunken club’ of lower-class men.
D) As an elite physician travelling North America’s eastern seaboard, Hamilton was
not keen to mix with men of inferior social standing, especially when they were
drunk.
E) But when Hamilton complained to the tavernkeeper about the ‘disorderly
fellows’, the publican could only reply: ‘Alas Sir! We that entertain travellers must
strive to oblige everybody, for it is our daily bread.’
Q.4)
A) Over the course of history, we have extracted many balls.
B) The rest have been various shades of grey: a mix of good and bad, whose net
effect is difficult to estimate.
C) Most have been beneficial to humanity.
D) One way of looking at human creativity is as a process of pulling balls out of a
giant urn.
E) The balls represent ideas, discoveries and inventions.
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Q.5)
A) I was visiting a small museum in southern Arizona and saw on the wall a 19th-
century photo of a white woman with a tattooed face who had been captured by
local Native Americans, who themselves traditionally tattooed their faces.
B) Clearly, she must have (willingly or not) adopted the dress and habits of her
captors.
C) When strangers appeared, why were locals interested in the objects, dress
styles, tools or languages they brought with them? My ‘aha’ moment of these
questions came 20 years ago.
D) For a long time, I stared at her and wondered about what archaeologists call
‘cultural transmission’.
E) But did the exchange of ideas and cultural practices go both ways?
Q.6)
A) The cells pursue with determination and gusto: under a microscope you can
watch a blob-like macrophage chase a bacterium across the slide, switching course
this way and that as its prey tries to escape through an obstacle course of red
blood cells, before it finally catches the rogue microbe and gobbles it up.
B) Single cells don’t have minds of their own – so surely they don’t have goals,
determination, gusto?
C) But hang on: isn’t this an absurdly anthropomorphic way of describing a
biological process?
D) Animal immune systems depend on white blood cells called macrophages that
devour and engulf invaders.
E) When we attribute aims and purposes to these primitive organisms, aren’t we
just succumbing to an illusion?
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Q.7)
A) What they have hit is the world’s most theoretically fertile dead end.
B) Scientists have been studying the question for decades, and they’ve developed
ingenious methods to try to find out.
C) They’ve even enlisted biology’s most powerful theory, Darwinian evolution, in
the search.
D) How did life originate?
E) But they still don’t have a complete answer.
Q.8)
A) It appeared on bookshelves and in college students’ backpacks just as three
decades of unparalleled growth, prosperity and modernisation in the United States
came to a grinding, confidence-eroding halt.
B) Despite today’s sheen of Day-Glo nostalgia, the 1970s were saturated with dark,
doomy and unsettling currents.
C) Jump ahead just a few years, and it seemed pretty clear to most people which
path society had placed itself on.
D) Survival supplanted revolution as the new decade’s vital watchword.
E) In 1969, when the design guru, futurist, and consummate bullshit artist
Buckminster Fuller’s new book about the future prospects for humanity came out,
he’d called it Utopia or Oblivion.
Q.9)
A) Starting in the summer of 1971, the Richard Nixon administration enacted a
series of economic reforms designed to stabilise the dollar.
B) The subsequent ‘stagflation’ that resulted was fuelled further by the 1973 oil
crisis.
C) At that time, inflation and unemployment rose to about 6 per cent.
D) Americans found themselves grappling with existential threats on two fronts.
E) The first was economic.
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Q.10)
A) Sociology is, after all, deeply invested in its Others; racial others, gendered
others, economic others, indeed every other, is at the focal point of the discipline,
even if too narrow a lens is applied when studying some of these social others.
B) It should matter now more than ever.
C) With Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests spreading across the globe this year, this
ought to be a moment when sociologists cast valuable light on how racist thinking
affects everyday life.
D) Yet it disappoints, because it doesn’t know it’s others very well.
E) I should know, because I am Black, and I’m a sociologist who has had (mostly
white) professors and colleagues attempt to teach me about being Black since I
was first an undergraduate.
Q.11)
A) It is one of the oldest topics in the intellectual history of humanity, and yet
talking about wisdom can feel odd and disingenuous.
B) Wisdom, with its mystical qualities, sits on a pedestal, inspiring awe and
trepidation, a bit of hushed reverence thrown in.
C) Wisdom is full of paradoxes.
D) People seem to have intuitions about who is and isn’t wise, but if you press
them to define wisdom, they will hesitate
E) Most people would agree that wisdom is desirable, yet what exactly is it?
Q.12)
A) When the cues align for males and females, entire reefs explode in a colourful
blizzard of eggs and sperm.
B) Meanwhile, the parent corals don’t even have to move.
C) The water brings the sperm and eggs together so that they can fuse to make
baby corals.
D) Their spawning events are spectacular annual shows that attract human
gawkers, scientific voyeurs in snorkel gear hoping to catch corals in the act.
E) Every year, thanks to perfectly timed cues of temperature, chemical signals and
the phase of the Moon, corals mate, shamelessly, in the ocean.
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Q.13)
A) But already, new concerns have been raised that the same practices may be
recurring.
B) But the charity Mencap says that it has heard recently from people with
learning disabilities who are concerned that they have been barred from
potentially life-saving treatments.
C) A review by the Care Quality Commission of the allocation of do not resuscitate
orders to some care home residents without consultation, during the first wave of
the pandemic, is expected shortly.
D) Normally, these orders should only be made when people are too frail to
benefit.
E) There are complaints, too, about the vaccine rollout, with questions raised both
about the prioritisation criteria and the decisions made regarding specific cases.
Q.14)
A) Not that that stopped early modern Londoners, who entertained themselves
mightily on the Thames when winter held it frozen for months at a time, as
visualised with such verve by Virginia Woolf in her novel Orlando.
B) That likelihood has already been anticipated by the cancellation of the 2021
Glastonbury festival.
C) Nevertheless, spring will come, summer will come – and so too will come
continued restrictions on large gatherings indoors, and perhaps also outdoors.
D) With most of the UK emerging from a cold snap, the idea of taking culture
outdoors can seem a little optimistic just now.
E) Such cultural events, unlike TV and film production, have not been underwritten
by a government-backed insurance scheme.
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Q.15)
A) I’ve been given this name by the Ik people I’m living with, in the remote
highlands dividing Uganda, Kenya and South Sudan.
B) Slabs of sunlight break through the mist, illuminating the bright pastel ripples of
Oribo Valley, the valley I’m named after.
C) The Ik woman I’m interviewing, Nangole (a pseudonym to protect her identity),
rubs her baby’s arms and legs to soothe the scabies rash that covers the infant’s
skin.
D) Nangole was born a Turkana, an ethnic group of herders whom the Ik greatly
fear.
E) She tells me how she came to live here, in a little mud hut with a vista of the
valley.
Q.16)
A) I’ve become conscious of my irregular breathing patterns, and how much
tension I’m holding in my back and shoulders.
B) Recently, I’ve noticed something strange about what my body does while I’m
flicking through apps or reading on my phone.
C) She terms the problem ‘screen apnea’.
D) The technologist Linda Stone has noted something similar, describing the way
her breath becomes shallow, and sometimes temporarily stops altogether, when
she sits down to work on her emails in the morning.
E) Perhaps even more striking for me, though, has been the realisation that I’m
often simply unaware of my body altogether.
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Q.17)
A) They’re visceral in the sense that emotional experience arises from how our
physiological organs – from our guts and lungs to our hearts and hormonal
systems – respond to an everchanging world.
B) Pandemics, climate change, sexual assault, systemic racism, the pressures of
gig-economy jobs, the crisis of liberal democracy – these phenomena create
feelings of vulnerability that are, quite literally, visceral.
C) It’s not surprising, then, that political language has become saturated with
emotion.
D) They’re also political, in that our feelings affect and are affected by political
decisions and behaviour.
E) We live in bodies that feel increasingly unsafe.
Q.18)
A) The son of a language teacher, I learned French as a boy.
B) Since then, I’ve been busy.
C) I picked up Spanish during a ramble through Mexico in my 20s.
D) Whenever I travel abroad, I like to arrive with a few phrases in the local tongue.
E) Despite a lifelong yearning for Italian, I reached middle age without getting
much beyond per favore and grazie.
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Q.19)
A) But the first person to make money from the concept was Alois Benjamin
Saliger, a Czech-born New York-based businessman and inventor – ‘tall, spare,
thin-lipped’, according to a contemporary account, ‘with piercing eyes and a wide
forehead’ – who in 1932 patented the Psycho-Phone.
B) The idea that humans can learn during slumber dates back at least to biblical
times, when God gave Jacob a glimpse of his destiny in a dream of angels climbing
a ladder to heaven.
C) A phonograph fitted with a repeating mechanism and a tiny acoustic horn, the
device was meant to sit by a sleeper’s bed and replay spoken-word recordings at
the volume of a whisper.
D) It was marketed with disks whose titles included Prosperity, Inspiration, Normal
Weight, and Mating.
E) ‘I desire an ideal mate,’ Saliger intoned on the latter record.
Q.20)
A) This would be a rambling life of the mind.
B) Last October I quit my job to become a freelance journalist.
C) I stood to make anywhere between $10,000 and $20,000 from the piece.
D) I had only ever made about $900 from writing, but my latest project, a profile of
Douglas Hofstadter, had attracted interest from a couple of big American
magazines.
E) My plan was to sell that profile and keep writing others like it.
Q.21)
A) The line of people in the post office is a mass of unimportant fools; it’s a felt
injustice that you must wait while they bumble with their requests.
B) Picture the world through the eyes of the jerk.
C) We need such a theory because, first, it can help us achieve a calm, clinical
understanding when confronting such a creature in the wild.
D) We need a theory of jerks.
E) As it happens, I do have such a theory.
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Q.22)
A) As a colleague once said to me: ‘It’s all just mysticism.’
B) When Western philosophers look East, they find things they do not understand
– not least the fact that the Asian traditions seem to accept, and even endorse,
contradictions.
C) This attitude is due, in part, to ignorance.
D) Western philosophers have not, on the whole, regarded Buddhist thought with
much enthusiasm.
E) But it is also due to incomprehension.
Q.23)
A) Yet Aristotle succeeded in locking the PEM and the PNC into Western
orthodoxy, where they have remained ever since.
B) Unfortunately, Aristotle’s own arguments are somewhat tortured – to put it
mildly – and modern scholars find it difficult even to say what they are supposed
to be.
C) Writing in his Metaphysics, Aristotle defended these many principles against
transgressors such as Heraklitus (nicknamed ‘the Obscure’).
D) Only a few intrepid spirits, most notably G W F Hegel in the 19th century, ever
thought to challenge them.
E) And now many of Aristotle’s intellectual descendants find it very difficult to
imagine life without them.
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Q.24)
A) The difference appears to be tiny – the two ministries are a mere 10-minute
walk apart – but it represents a huge paradigm shift.
B) One of the most important things about this week’s landmark review into the
value of nature may appear to be a footling detail: its publisher.
C) The 600-page report was commissioned by the Treasury, headed by Rishi Sunak,
rather than the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, whose boss
is George Eustice.
D) Its author is Professor Sir Partha Dasgupta, a Cambridge economist.
E) For this is the first time any country’s finance ministry has put out a
comprehensive study into the economic importance of maintaining a variety of life
on Earth.
Q.25)
A) For a combination of reasons, with snobbery high on the list, we have long
taken pride in our world-famous universities.
B) The UK is bad at vocational education for teenagers and adults.
C) By contrast, we undervalue technical qualifications of all sorts, and treat the
training offered to the half of the population that doesn’t go to university as an
afterthought – when we remember to think of it at all.
D) Compared with many other countries, notably Germany, the various arms of
the British state have been poor at working with employers and others to invest in
the skills and training that are required to build a productive economy in the long-
term national interest.
E) If proof is needed, it is provided by figures showing that over the past decade,
college budgets have been cut harder than any other area of education.
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Q.26)
A) Gone were the closely packed rows of fellow fashion victims checking out
catwalk garb.
B) Last summer the big houses were forced, in the main, to film collections and put
them online.
C) It may be time to wave the shows goodbye.
D) Paul Smith, who has survived half a century in an industry littered with
corporate gravestones, sees upsides.
E) One of the least-noticed victims of the pandemic has been the “traditional”
fashion show.
Q.27)
A) But since 1986, when the Peacock report ushered in a move from regulation to
competition in broadcasting, this claim has been less and less true.
B) The success of streaming services such as Netflix – which this week announced
that it has topped 204 million subscribers – has heightened the problem, though
the BBC remains comfortably the most used media brand in the UK.
C) Since its foundation in 1922, the BBC has had powerful enemies, usually
commercial rivals, who think that it is “too bloody big, too bloody pervasive and
too bloody powerful.
D) The more competitors the BBC has, the less market share it has, and the less
“universal” it risks becoming; in turn, the weaker becomes the argument for the
license fee.
E) It is an ever-tightening circle, quite convenient for the BBC’s enemies.
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Q.28)
A) It makes Bake Off look positively gladiatorial and The Great British Sewing Bee
seem the apogee of urban glamour.
B) Never has a grown man cried so much on primetime television – and it’s lovely.
C) Of the various clever TV craft competitions, The Great Pottery Throw Down,
which has just begun a new season on Channel 4, is the mildest, strangest and
kindest.
D) If the signature compliment on Bake Off is a bone-crunching handshake from
the self-consciously macho Paul Hollywood, on Pottery Throw Down it is an
outpouring of tears from its senior judge, Keith Brymer Jones.
E) The latest season also has a delightful new host in Siobhán McSweeney and a
new judge in the gentle, encouraging Richard Miller, formerly the technical expert
or “kiln man”.
Q.29)
A) Hashimoto, as a former athlete and minister who focused on gender equality, is
seen as a vindication for those who criticized Mori for saying that women hold up
meetings, ‘annoyingly’ competing with each other by talking too much.
B) “Withdrawing my remarks was the fastest way,” he said, given how the event
was merely months away.
C) He retracted his remarks, mainly to end the fuss rather than trying to
understand the injury.
D) After weeks of a firestorm over sexism, Seiko Hashimoto has replaced former
Japanese PM Yoshiro Mori as president of the Tokyo Olympics organizing
committee.
E) As most prominent leaders backed him, a stubbornly male-dominated power
structure was on stark display.
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Q.30)
A) Japan is among the lowest in the world in terms of female political participation,
and the last among developed countries.
B) Gender stereotypes are extreme and constricting: Achievement is cast as a
barrier to getting married.
C) Women make up less than 12% in corporate management, and a small fraction
of undergraduates in top universities.
D) Recently, Japanese women protested their low-status roles by rejecting high
heels in the #KuToo movement.
E) But now, the backlash is real.
Q.31)
A) Notice that the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is reportedly
seeking to monetise 7,500 km of road projects for a staggering Rs 3 lakh crore by
2024-25.
B) Especially if superior social and economic benefits are to be obtained by
gainfully investing in, say, a rail track, so as to augment infrastructure across the
board.
C) But it would be downright suboptimal to earmark the proceeds solely for
building more road projects nationwide.
D) Amidst weak recovery and heightened global liquidity, it is welcome that
monetisation of infrastructural assets is gaining speed here.
E) Hence the pressing need for an innovative platform for independent appraisal,
multi-stage review and time-bound approval of projects in the pipeline.
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Q.32)
A) With greater capitalisation, together with ongoing reform of the corporate bond
market.
B) The budget announcement raising the foreign direct investment (FDI) limit in
the insurance sector from 49% to 74% is most welcome.
C) We can efficiently boost not just provision of long-term funds for infrastructure
D) Catastrophe bonds, or cat bonds, provide a sound mechanism to transfer
hazard risks to wide section of investors.
E) but also the market for high-yield debt instruments such as catastrophe bonds,
to better manage disaster risks.
Q.33)
A) To live fully, many of us carve those extra hours out of our sleep time.
B) A thirst for life leads many to pine for a drastic reduction, if not elimination, of
the human need for sleep.
C) Work, friendships, exercise, parenting, eating, reading — there just aren’t
enough hours in the day.
D) Then we pay for it the next day.
E) Little wonder: if there were a widespread disease that similarly deprived people
of a third of their conscious lives, the search for a cure would be lavishly funded.
Q.34)
A) Herbivores sleep far less than carnivores — four hours for an elephant,
compared with almost 20 hours for a lion — presumably because it takes them
longer to feed themselves, and vigilance is selected for.
B) Different species also seem to vary widely in their sleeping behaviours.
C) As omnivores, humans fall between the two sleep orientations.
D) Our internal clock is based on a chemical oscillation, a feedback loop on the
cellular level that takes 24 hours to complete.
E) Circadian rhythms, the body’s master clock, allow us to anticipate daily
environmental cycles and arrange our organ’s functions along a timeline so that
they do not interfere with one another.
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Q.35)
A) The venerable monthly publication, which has catered to middle-class,
educated women since its founding in 1883, will now exist only as a website and a
quarterly, news-stand-only edition.
B) This is a big step down from the Journal’s heyday as one of the ‘Seven Sisters’
C) In April this year, the Meredith Corporation announced that it would reduce
Ladies’ Home Journal to a shadow of its former self.
D) the magazines that dictated the rules of life for affluent married women
throughout the 20th century.
E) The Sisters used to offer a one-stop shop, covering food, health, etiquette,
housekeeping, child-rearing, marriage and fashion.
Q.36)
A) Their well-above-average raw intelligence will have been carefully crafted
through years at the world’s best universities.
B) But they are in for an unpleasant surprise.
C) Each summer, thousands of the best and brightest graduates join the
workforce.
D) After emerging from their selective undergraduate programs and competitive
graduate schools, these new recruits hope that their jobs will give them ample
opportunity to put their intellectual gifts to work.
E) Smart young things joining the workforce soon discover that, although they
have been selected for their intelligence, they are not expected to use it.
Q.37)
A) In other words, they are bureaucrats.
B) What most executives actually spend their days doing is sitting in meetings,
filling in forms and communicating information.
C) But being a bureaucrat is not particularly exciting.
D) To make their roles seem more important and exciting than they actually are,
corporate executives become leadership addicts.
E) It also doesn’t look very good on your business card.
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Q.38)
A) Many organisations seem to assume that, just by changing the signage, it’s
possible to transform the entire company.
B) Sadly, this is almost always wishful thinking on the part of senior executives.
C) Another particularly rich source of stupidity in organisations is the deep belief in
the power of brands.
D) We saw costly rebranding initiatives that involved changing the logo of an
organisation, but little else.
E) The University of Western Sydney spent millions to transform itself by becoming
‘Western Sydney University’.
Q.39)
A) It’s not just that different people are drawing subtly different conclusions from
the same evidence.
B) Maybe nobody cares about the truth anymore, as some have started to worry.
C) Something has gone wrong with the flow of information.
D) It seems like different intellectual communities no longer share basic
foundational beliefs.
E) Maybe political allegiance has replaced basic reasoning skills.
Q.40)
A) Perhaps you’ve been challenged to squeeze the impossibly sprawling diversity
of philosophy itself into just a few tweets.
B) Plato had his ‘forms’.
C) You could do worse than to search for the single word that best captures the
ideas of every important philosopher.
D) René Descartes had his ‘mind’ and John Locke his ‘ideas’.
E) Imagine you are asked to compose an ultra-short history of philosophy.
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Q.41)
A) Commentators call it ‘an epidemic’, a condition akin to ‘leprosy’, and a ‘silent
plague’ of civilisation.
B) Yet loneliness is not a universal condition; nor is it a purely visceral, internal
experience.
C) By the 2Ast century, loneliness has become ubiquitous.
D) In 2018, the United Kingdom went so far as to appoint a Minister for Loneliness.
E) It is less a single emotion and more a complex cluster of feelings, composed of
anger, grief, fear, anxiety, sadness, and shame.
Q.42)
A) As I was walking by a restaurant near my home one day, I saw a parking
attendant with whom I was acquainted and asked, “How are you?”
B) Coherent communication doesn’t require agreement, but simply a shared
meaning.
C) He smiled and said, “I can’t complain.”
D) We need to know that we are, in fact, talking about the same thing.
E) How often do we pause and thoughtfully ask the other person what he means
by the word or words he is using?
Q.43)
A) Hendricks examined the health benefits of fasting, including long-term reduced
seizure activity in epileptics, lowered blood pressure in hypertensives, better
toleration of chemotherapy in cancer patients, and, of course, weight loss.
B) It all began in March last year when I read an article by Steve Hendricks in
Harper’s magazine titled ‘Starving Your Way to Vigour’.
C) He also mentioned significantly increased longevity in rats that are made to fast.
D) I was fascinated, and I started reading more about fasting afterwards, although
at the time I had no intention of doing it myself.
E) Most interesting was his tale of undertaking a 20-day fast himself, during which
he shed more than 20 pounds and kept it off for the two years since.
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Q.44)
A) Mosley is a BBC health and science journalist who extols the benefits of
‘intermittent fasting’.
B) But Mosley settled on the 5:2 ratio — in every week, two days of fasting, and
five days of normal eating.
C) There are many versions of this type of fasting that are currently the subject of
various research programmes.
D) The benefits of fasting have been much in the news again lately, in part due to a
best-selling book from the UK that is also making waves in the US: The Fast Diet:
Lose Weight, Stay Healthy, Live Longer (2013) by Dr Michael Mosley and Mimi
Spencer.
E) Even on the fasting days, one may eat small amounts: 600 calories maximum for
men, 500 for women, so about a quarter of a normal day’s intake.
Q.45)
A) Others happen suddenly because a society seizes on a sudden chaotic moment.
B) Modern football’s complex current crisis contains elements of both the historic
problem and the sudden opportunity.
C) Some radical changes to failing institutions emerge well matured after long
debate.
D) Look back nearly 30 years to the creation of the Premier League. It was an
innovative moment for a very insular British football culture, exciting and
beneficial in many ways, not least by internationalising the domestic game.
E) Yet everything that generated the now-doomed European Super League was in
there too.
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Q.46)
A) But these are the words of a departing police chief not known for his softness.
B) Why do people get involved in crime and serious crime? It’s because the
opportunities to make money elsewhere aren’t there for them.”
C) Andy Cooke, who is leaving Merseyside for a job with the Inspectorate of
Constabulary, ran a gangs unit; his force was an energetic user of stop and search.
D) Such opinions are frequently derided as the fancies of a liberal left disconnected
from the impact of law-breaking on victims’ lives.
E) But if he was given a budget of £5 Bn to tackle crime, he told the Guardian, he
would spend £4 Bn of it on reducing poverty and “levelling up”.
Q.47)
A) Dr Claus thinks she has identified, in those who have had dental X-rays often, a
significant rise in the admittedly small risk of developing a brain tumour.
B) A study by Elizabeth Claus, of Yale University, just published in Cancer, suggests
your suspicions might be justified.
C) If you are a suspicious type you may be disturbed by the fact that, despite
reassurances of the safety of the procedure, dentists and their technicians, when
administering X-rays, usually step out of the room while the deed is done.
D) Well, all but one: your brain.
E) Not only that, but they also often drape a lead-lined apron over your body to
protect your vital organs.
Q.48)
A) I take out my giant hairy orangutan puppet, do some ventriloquism and quickly
become entangled in an argument.
B) Scientific talks can get a little dry, so I try to mix it up.
C) Kevin, the orangutan, starts heckling me.
D) I’ll be explaining my theory about how the brain — a biological machine —
generates consciousness.
E) ‘Yeah, well, I don’t have a brain. But I’m still conscious.
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Q.49)
A) Since this animal was discovered in the late 1870s in Wyoming, huge amounts
of ink have been spilt trying to puzzle out the reason for the plates.
B) The connection between the plates and the main body is way too fragile to
function effectively in a battle to the death.
C) One of my favourite dinosaurs is the Stegosaurus, a monster from the late
Jurassic (150 million years ago), noteworthy because of the diamond-like plates all
the way down its back.
D) The obvious explanation, that they are used for fighting or defence, simply
cannot be true.
E) Another explanation is that, like the stag’s antlers or the peacock’s tail, they play
some sort of role in the mating game.
Q.50)
A) She’d be pleased as punch when, invariably, her daughter had scored a point
more than I had.
B) I had been playing outside, visiting my cousins, and generally ‘living’ my
childhood, and had the 2nd place to show for it on an exam!
C) When I was a young boy at day-school, before the carefree days at boarding
school where we were merry in our own lives, there was this classmate’s mum
who would call my mum after every little class-test and big exam and compare her
daughter’s marks with mine.
D) The crucial difference was that while this classmate of mine had spent hours
upon hours, in grade 3, cramming textbooks
E) I’d take that any day, wouldn’t you?
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Q.51)
A) All summer long, the mother fattens herself on insects so that when winter
comes her little ones may suckle the blood from her leg joints.
B) To see this spirit of maternal generosity carried to its logical extreme, consider
Diaea ergandros, a species of Australian spider.
C) You might suppose such ruthlessness to be unheard-of among mammalian
children.
D) As they drink, she weakens, until the babies swarm over her, inject her with
venom and devour her like any other prey.
E) You would be wrong.
Q.52)
A) When we got a puncture, they used tape and an old inner tube to suck air from
three tyres to inflate a fourth.
B) Far from expressing shame at having no pump, they told me that carrying too
many tools is the sign of a weak man; it makes him lazy.
C) I travelled with Bedouin in the Western Desert of Egypt.
D) The real master has no tools at all, only a limitless capacity to improvise with
what is to hand.
E) It was the cook who suggested the idea; maybe he was used to making food
designed for a few go further.
Q.53)
A) Many Americans are only vaguely familiar with the story of how this happened.
B) But few can recall the details and even fewer think that those events are central
to US history.
C) They perhaps recognise Wounded Knee and the Trail of Tears
D) Between 1776 and the present, the United States seized some 1.5 billion acres
from North America’s native peoples.
E) Their tenuous grasp of the subject is regrettable if unsurprising, given that the
conquest of the continent is both essential to understanding the rise of the US and
deplorable.
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Q.54)
A) Perhaps that is why failure seems to be a critically important part of the startup
ecosystem.
B) According to Harvard Business School, 75% of venture-backed startups fail.
C) Startups have one of the hardest possible business tasks ahead of them -- every
single one of them is attempting to bring a new product to market.
D) More specifically in Southeast Asia, where an assortment of extremely wealthy
families have dominated the investment landscape for years, tech startups are
garnering a lot of attention lately as more digitally-savvy heirs take control of their
family fortunes.
E) Despite the risks involved, Asia’s moneyed families, who are rising in the ranks
of the world’s richest people with assets of more than $17 trillion, are showing an
increased interest in the region’s red-hot tech scene.
Q.55)
A) For someone with such a prominent name, he remains a little-known and much-
misunderstood figure.
B) In that rendering, decked out in lace cuffs and holding his colonial charter, Penn
looks every bit the far-seeing, visionary founder.
C) This year marks the 300th anniversary of the death of William Penn.
D) Iconic representations abound, of course, none more prominent than the 37-
foot bronze statue atop Philadelphia City Hall.
E) Many assume that the familiar face on the Quaker Oats box, with its peaceful
mien and slightly bemused smile beckoning the viewer to a healthy breakfast, is
Penn.
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Q.56)
A) No boilerplate praise, this: his speeches on subjects as varied as how to reform
economics and the importance of the voluntary sector have been model
interventions
B) both serious and ever-so-slightly subversive.
C) To state the blindingly obvious, the chief economist of the Bank of England,
Andrew Haldane, is an intelligent man.
D) he risks looking not only silly but, worse, choking the debate over the future of
the UK.
E) Yet when Mr. Haldane writes a newspaper op-ed that claims the post-Covid
economy is “poised like a coiled spring”
Q.57)
A) So that we didn’t have to study or do homework or stay at home anymore!
B) We would run off to the closest playgrounds to meet our friends and begin
playing!
C) We didn’t have phones to call each other, but sometimes we barged into our
friends’ houses or went to their doorsteps, calling out their names loudly until they
came out and joined us.
D) Remember when we were kids and waited with bated breaths for our exams to
get over and the summer holidays to begin??
E) Neither did the neighbours scold us for creating a racket nor did our parents try
to stop us from whiling away our summer holidays.
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Q.58)
A) They did so by adopting a response to extreme violence that defied the logic of
Nuremberg – the logic of separating perpetrators from victims, punishing the
perpetrators, and creating separate spheres in which the two could live without
harming each other in an ongoing cycle of violence.
B) Instead of going to court, they sat around the conference table.
C) In the course of the struggle against apartheid, South Africans did something
remarkable: they tried, with incomplete success, to destroy the settler and the
native by reconfiguring both as survivors.
D) Rather than turn to a trial to produce truth and punish offenders, they
negotiated reforms to make the political system more inclusive, recognising that
perpetrators as well had to be brought into the political fold.
E) By thinking of extreme violence as a political rather than criminal act, South
Africans were able to shift focus from individual transgressions of law to the issues
that drove the violence and the needs of the people who survived it.
Q.59)
A) News content already undertakes compliance with various standalone
legislations.
B) Social media by contrast has run rogue, without accountability.
C) On Thursday, government introduced sweeping new rules that encompass a
wide spectrum of digital content.
D) But the way in which these rules force-fit social media, streaming
entertainment, and digital news portals all under one umbrella, is untenable.
E) Plus news sites follow print and TV norms, besides the extensive self-regulation
done in multiple layers between journalists and editors every day.
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Q.60)
A) The 2020 pandemic has made this vivid: millions of people across the world
have taken care of children at home
B) Human beings need special care while we are young and when we become old.
C) and millions more have tried to care for grandparents, even when they couldn’t
be physically close to them.
D) But it’s also reminded us how much we care for and about them, and how
important the relations between the generations are.
E) COVID-19 has reminded us how much we need to take care of the young and
the old.
Q.61)
A) The sight of the policeman kneeling upon the 46-year-old’s neck for nine
minutes and 29 seconds, as the dying man pleaded repeatedly that he couldn’t
breathe and called out to his late mother was a heart wrenching one.
B) The conviction of Derek Chauvin for George Floyd’s murder should have been
inevitable.
C) The sight was caught on camera, described by traumatised witnesses, and
condemned by fellow officers during the trial.
D) The relief that swept through the crowd outside the Minneapolis court, and
rippled around the world, was in its own way shocking.
E) Yet until the jury’s verdict arrived – guilty on all counts – no one could be certain
of it.
Q.62)
A) In particular, we’re very different from our closest primate relatives.
B) On an evolutionary timescale, Homo sapiens emerged only quite recently.
C) Yet in that short time, we have evolved a particularly weird life history, with a
much longer childhood and old age than other animals.
D) Even in forager cultures, where growing up is accelerated, children aren’t self-
sufficient until they’re at least 15.
E) By at least age seven, chimpanzees provide as much food as they consume, and
they rarely live past 50 – there’s no chimp equivalent of human menopause.
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Q.63)
A) His signature economic reform—demonetization—was supposed to be a
masterstroke to uncover black money and reduce corruption.
B) Growth is required to create more jobs to increase citizens’ incomes and lift
more people out of poverty.
C) Prime Minister Narendra Modi promises to eliminate corruption in India.
D) It back-fired and stalled economic growth instead.
E) Can we have both: less corruption and higher growth in a developing economy?
Q.64)
A) The car sensors were connected to a huge network of artificial neurons that
processed data and delivered commands to the brake, steering wheel and other
sub-systems.
B) A couple of years ago a unique experimental self-driving car was released on
New Jersey roads, that was not coded or programmed by engineers.
C) It taught itself by watching other humans drive their cars.
D) This car, developed by the chip maker NVidia, did not need any human
intervention.
E) With this technology, referred to as deep learning, artificial intelligence is
advancing to a level where systems become so intelligent that they surpass human
capabilities and comprehension.
Q.65)
A) In a YouTube video on the subject he sounds an alarm bell: “if AI becomes
smarter than a person, what do we do and what jobs will we have?”
B) As per the World Economic Forum report published in 2016, about five million
jobs will be lost to robots and automation by 2020.
C) Elon Musk seems to agree.
D) Will AI take over our world?
E) These predictions may come to pass.
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Q.66)
A) In Greek mythology, Narcissus fell in love when he saw his reflection in water.
B) While we pine away for that perfect Snapchat filter or track our likes on
Instagram, the mobile phone has become a vortex of social media that sucks us in
and feeds our narcissistic tendencies.
C) He gazed so long, he eventually died.
D) Narcissism is defined as excessive self-love or self-centredness.
E) Today, the quintessential image is not someone staring at his reflection but into
his mobile phone.
Q.67)
A) Scrapbooks, photo albums, baby books and even slide shows are all ways in
which we have done this in the past, to various audiences.
B) Together, they suggest that we have long used media as a means of creating
traces of our lives.
C) We do this to understand ourselves, to see trends in our behaviour that we
can’t in lived experiences.
D) Diaries are not the only media that people have used to document lives and
share them with others.
E) We create traces as part of our identity work and as part of our memory work.
Q.68)
A) They might think of long hours spent playing in the backyard free of worry or
pursuing projects and relationships without apprehension or fear.
B) The fact that many struggle to be carefree in adulthood raises a number of
interesting questions about the relationship between carefreeness and the good
life.
C) Some people are lucky enough to look back at their childhood with affection for
a time in life without much stress and anxiety.
D) Such tender memories are often in stark contrast to the lives many lead as
adults, where stress and anxiety seem to dominate.
E) Is being carefree a special good of childhood?
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Q.69)
A) Just as mankind has evolved over the centuries, our means of communication
have followed suit.
B) Effective spoken communication is essential as it serves to inform, motivate,
establish authority and control, and allows for emotive expression.
C) What began as primitive cave paintings and signed language has morphed into
an endless variety of ways to express oneself to other humans.
D) All animal species have perfected a system of communication, but humans are
the only species capable of spoken language.
E) For humans in particular, spoken communication is also vital for creating a
sense of social cohesion.
Q.70)
A) We spoke of war, old age, the vocation of the painter; then he opened the door
of his studio to let me go in first.
B) He has worked hard throughout his life – but he has only produced, as far as the
world knows, a few drawings and one large canvas which is in the National
Museum.
C) Just outside Amsterdam there lives an old, well-known, and respected Dutch
painter.
D) The huge canvases were white; after years of work he had calmly destroyed
them that day.
E) I went to see his second major work, a triptych of the war.
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Q.71)
A) The story is untrue, but Galileo did do something equivalent: he rolled balls of
different weights (which did not have much air resistance) down a smooth slope.
B) It is said that Galileo demonstrated that Aristotle’s belief was false by dropping
weights from the leaning tower of Pisa.
C) Galileo’s measurements indicated that each ball increased its speed at the same
rate, no matter what its weight.
D) So no one until Galileo Galilei bothered to see whether bodies of different
weights did in fact fall at different speeds.
E) The Aristotelian tradition held that one could work out all the laws that govern
the universe by pure thought: it was not necessary to check by observation.
Q.72)
A) The judgment is important not simply because it got rid of an archaic and
patriarchal law
B) but also because of its consequences for the future.
C) Section 497 of the IPC — part of the British-enacted penal code of 1860 —
criminalised adultery
D) On September 27, a five-judge bench of the Supreme Court struck down Section
497 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), and decriminalised adultery in India
E) but did so “asymmetrically”: that is, only the man — and not the woman — who
engaged in adultery could be punished.
Q.73)
A) Even captain Scarratt was uncharacteristically out of sorts, missing two
penalties that would have eased that pressure.
B) France trudged from the field looking like they had been mugged.
C) Zoe Aldcroft was outstanding in England’s reconstructed back row but too many
of her teammates had off days.
D) The French forwards were formidable and their defence unyielding.
E) England knew they were going to be in for a close contest but perhaps not as
close as this.
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Q.74)
A) as part of its response to the coronavirus pandemic, was a good one.
B) With unemployed and underemployed claimants prevented from looking for
work by the circumstances
C) The government’s decision to raise universal credit payments by £20 a week last
April
D) disabled and sick claimants at elevated risk, and children stuck at home
E) this was a pragmatic way of alleviating pressure and reducing hardship.
Q.75)
A) The nation had just ‘opened up’ its economy to join the world of free markets.
B) The seductive formula held out the promise of foreign investments, high
economic growth, and of unleashing the caged spirit of Indian enterprise.
C) The early 1990s was a moment of fragile hope and anxiety in India.
D) dreams of a better life and, most of all, a chance to set the nation’s course to
resplendent 21st-century futures.
E) It also promised more consumer choices to Indian citizens
Q.76)
A) The extreme weather is expected to continue until the weekend, and deaths
attributed to the storm have been recorded in four other states, besides Texas.
B) A huge winter storm is sweeping across the southern United States (US), with
Texas being the worst-hit.
C) Millions of people in the state have been struggling to cope with the lack of
power and frigid conditions.
D) Many other parts of the world — The Netherlands, Russia, Syria, Greece — also
saw unusually cold weather this week
E) but nowhere is it as bad as in Texas.
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Q.77)
A) Illusions can also evolve from imagination unsupported by facts.
B) These are the illusions of knowledge and understanding, of faith and certainty,
of time and eternity, of freedom and free will, and of the meaning of life.
C) During this limited existence, the individual has to adapt to the outside world in
an endless struggle against the unknown.
D) The limits of existence, cognitive biases, and the boundaries of understanding
can result in illusions, which can be perceived as reality.
E) Individual human beings emerge in the world in a specific era and place, and
they have relatively short lives in the constant presence of uncertainty and death.
Q.78)
A) But don’t get too hopeful for Earth look-alikes.
B) While we don’t know much yet about their characteristics, these three worlds
exist in very different environments than our home planet.
C) A tantalizing trio of Earth-size worlds circles a tiny, dim star relatively close to
us.
D) Still, this is the first time three such worlds have been spotted around an ultra-
cool dwarf star, a discovery that bodes well for planet-hunters scouring the galaxy
for small, rocky planets.
E) Each planet is within or near the region where the star’s light could support the
whispers and sighs of extra-terrestrial life.
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Q.79)
A) The dogma of the divinity of kingship led to a marked differentiation between
the royal and the non-royal, that is, private spheres.
B) Increasingly, what was proper for the life and death of a king differed from the
usages of the private person.
C) As its use slowly grew, its first major application took the form of an Offering
List, a long list of fabrics, foods, and ointments, carved on the walls of private
tombs.
D) When writing first appeared in Egypt, at the very beginning of the dynastic age,
its use was limited to the briefest notations designed to identify a person or a
place, an event or a possession.
E) An aura of magic surrounded the art which was said to derive from the gods.
Q.80)
A) The simplicity raises scepticism and alienates the reader even further.
B) But a common solution chosen by today’s science communicator is to make
science less complicated and more entertaining.
C) Unfortunately, some of these stories end up with the verisimilitude, complexity,
and overall appeal of a fairy tale.
D) To this end, there’s been a steady emphasis on communicating scientific ideas
through stories that either dramatize the working lives of scientists or speculate
about the impact of a scientific idea on American society and culture.
E) This can be done well, of course, if it is done carefully and reported responsibly.
Q.81)
A) I’m thinking about one of those default images now
B) and the figure on that wheelchair
C) The stick person appears fused to the wheelchair
D) the painted wheelchair symbol that marks out a disabled parking space at a
supermarket car park
E) suggesting not just that a disabled person can be only a person who uses a
wheelchair but is someone who cannot be separated from it.
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Q.82)
A) A frontier had been crossed.
B) The phone call died, according to Nielsen, in the autumn of 2007.
C) The primary purpose of most people’s primary telephones was no longer to
engage in audible speech.
D) During the final three months of that year the average monthly number of texts
sent on mobile phones (218) exceeded, for the first time in recorded history, the
average monthly number of phone calls (213).
E) Some were still, of course, making phone calls on their “landlines.”
Q.83)
A) From the second-person perspective, you understand yourself and the world
through the lens of other people
B) From the first-person stance, you navigate the world as an agent trying to
realise your projects and satisfy your desires.
C) who are a locus of projects and preferences of their own
D) From the third-person stance, you understand yourself as one among many,
called to fit yourself into the shared standards and rules governing a world made
up of a multitude of creatures like you.
E) projects and preferences that make legitimate demands on your time and
attention.
Q.84)
A) and metaphysics (theories of the fundamental nature of reality)
B) Intriguingly, Schrödinger and his fellow central European intellectuals shared
this common ground despite significant disagreements about politics,
epistemology (theories of how we know what we know)
C) or Austrian empire in the 1880s or ‘90s, and each followed closely the
revolutions in physics of the first 3 decades of the 20th century.
D) Yet they occupied a broad philosophical and political spectrum.
E) They did share some biographical traits: most were born into Jewish families in
the German
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Q.85)
A) She thinks of a time when she shared her tank with her children.
B) And she remembers her mother, from whom she was taken at the age of three,
in waters off Iceland, to be put on display at an amusement park.
C) Alone, the female orca, also known as a killer whale, circles her small, shallow
tank stopping only to surface and open her mouth as trainers drop in dead fish.
D) But they are long gone – all five having died in captivity by the age of seven.
E) When a trainer provides a hoop or a ball, she might listlessly move it around for
a few times before giving up.
Q.86)
A) Parental estrangement is a topic that evokes strong opinions and emotions.
B) A common perception is that parents become estranged only if they’ve behaved
in an egregious fashion when raising their children or in the years since.
C) It invites people to reflect on their family experiences, to review whether they
treated their own parents fairly
D) and to consider whether they failed their children or deserve their distance or
contempt. Indeed, there are plenty who behave in ways that make estrangement
E) seem like a reasonable if not a necessary solution for their grown children
Q.87)
A) On one side we have the extreme disconnection of murderous dictators, serial
killers, and violent sadists. This is where human evil is situated.
B) Such highly connected people also feel a strong sense of connection to the
natural world, and to animals and other living beings.
C) One of the most amazing things about human beings is that what we call
“human nature” covers such a vast spectrum, from the psychopathic brutality of
Stalin and Hitler to the selfless goodness of Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, or Martin
Luther King.
D) On the opposite side, we find people with a strong sense of empathy and
compassion, who are free of egoism and selfishness, and devote their lives to
helping others. This is where goodness is situated.
E) Human nature can be seen as a continuum of connection.
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Q.88)
A) Pristine fishing village, are now all glitzy and futuristic wonderlands
B) The six city-states on the Arab side of the Persian Gulf, each formerly a sleepy
C) World-class air-conditioned retail markets and malls, buzzing highways, giant,
busy and efficient airports and seaports, luxury tourist attractions, game parks,
D) In each of these city-states one finds large tracts of ultramodern architecture,
gleaming skyscrapers,
E) Children’s playgrounds, museums, gorgeous beachfront hotels and vast, opulent
villas housing fabulously affluent denizens.
Q.89)
A) The plot of the ancient Indian epic centres around corrupt politics, ill-behaved
men and warfare.
B) In this dark tale, things get worse and worse, until an era of unprecedented
depravity, the Kali Yuga, dawns.
C) The Mahabharata is a tale for our times.
D) The Mahabharata was first written down in Sanskrit, ancient India’s premier
literary language, and ascribed to a poet named Vyasa about 2,000 years ago, give
or take a few hundred years.
E) According to the Mahabharata, we’re still living in the horrific Kali era, which will
unleash new horrors on us until the world ends.
Q.90)
A) It has always been a cosmopolitan and diverse centre of wealth and commerce.
B) The Persian Gulf has a venerable history, stretching back to ancient time
C) For nearly A,000 years, Dilmun, a Bronze Age Arabian polity based in what is
today Bahrain,
D) During the Abbasid caliphate, a 500-year-long Islamic empire based in Baghdad,
mercantile entities in Basra and al-Ubulla, at the head of the Gulf, dominated trade
and commercial links with East Africa, Egypt, India, Southeast Asia and China.
E) controlled the trading routes between ancient Mesopotamia and the Indus
River.
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Q.91)
A) Indeed, when historians of the city write about the past 50 years, perhaps the
most salient change they will observe is the extent and pervasiveness of
gentrification.
B) Since the 1980s, gentrification has spread to satellite cities throughout the
developed West and to many cities, large and small, throughout the developing
world.
C) Since the 1960s, gentrification has become ubiquitous.
D) Whether gentrification will continue remains to be seen.
E) It began in the major urban centres of the developed West, spurred in part by
efforts on the part of local governments to attract capital and residents to
neighbourhoods rendered derelict by disinvestment and ‘white flight’
Q.92)
A) The play and films introduced the term ‘gaslighting’ into our vernacular to refer
to a specific type of manipulation
B) This can also be manifested by minimisation, deflection, denial and coercive
control.
C) one in which a person’s reality itself is hijacked by another.
D) It’s a process of establishing and then exploiting trust and authority to achieve
an endgame of control and dominance.
E) The term is now ubiquitous, and we apply it not just to close relationships but
also to any reality-bending that is generated by institutions, media and leaders.
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Q.93)
A) First, the family holdings in companies, even though much lower than during
the pre-Independence days, are still sufficient to ensure that the family cannot be
easily displaced from management.
B) The investing class is now considerably expanded in response to much more
vibrant stock markets.
C) The amorphous group of individual investors cannot pose any real threat to the
family supremacy.
D) As a result, shareholdings in the companies have become more widely
disbursed than even before.
E) Three factors may account for the remarkable resilience that the family business
has demonstrated in free India.
Q.94)
A) His car used visible-light cameras to image the road and computers to evaluate
the situation.
B) As the popularity of self-driving cars increases, so do the concerns.
C) But according to Tesla, the white truck merged with the bright Florida sky and
was not recognized.
D) Last month, China banned tests of autonomous vehicles on public roads.
E) And investigations continue into the death of Joshua Brown, who was killed
when his Tesla car on autopilot ploughed into the side of an articulated truck in
Florida.
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Q.95)
A) I wanted to be an environmentalist for a while and a pilot for the rest of the
time. Today, I am a student at a management institute.
B) We wanted to achieve great things. Some of us wanted to be astronauts who go
on to colonise outer space, others wanted to be scientists making inventions by
the minute.
C) As children, we were free of inhibitions, and were yet to be enslaved by the
conditioning of modern-day society.
D) The worst part is that I never even tried to become a pilot, hell, I didn’t even
research on how someone becomes a pilot.
E) Don’t get me wrong.
Q.96)
A) In the absence of any officially released employment-unemployment statistics
since the Labour Bureau’s household survey of 2015-16,
B) But the real issue, which is more deep rooted and structural than any data
challenge and has attracted relatively little attention in the jobs debate
C) the lack of any recent data (barring that of the Centre for Monitoring Indian
Economy, a private agency ) is certainly a problem.
D) is that of the dominance of informal employment.
E) Over the last one year, those in the highest echelons of government have
claimed that India is facing a jobs’ data crisis, not a jobs crisis.
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Q.97)
A) India’s unusual response to comments on the ongoing farmers’ protests by
some international celebrities comes across as highly sanctimonious.
B) It advised these celebrities to ascertain facts and properly understand the issues
at hand “
C) “The temptation of sensationalist social media hashtags and comments,
especially when resorted to by celebrities and others, is neither accurate nor
responsible,” the Ministry of External Affairs said in a statement.
D) The response is somewhat supercilious in the immediate context of what singer
and performer Rihanna had said in a single tweet.
E) She had asked why the issue was not being talked about more, while drawing
attention to a news report on the extraordinary measures taken by the
government to put down the farmers’ protests, including the laying of trenches
and barricades and banning the Internet.
Q.98)
A) Some economists and political scientists suggest that corruption is a lubricant
for faster growth.
B) Poor and devastated by the war, its economy grew to become as large as the
UK’s by the end of the century.
C) Comparison in Europe between 1950 and 2000 reveals that the country whose
economy grew the fastest was Italy.
D) Robert Klitgaard says in Controlling Corruption, “The optimal level of corruption
will not, in practice, be zero.”
E) It was also estimated to have the largest “parallel” economy among all large
European countries.
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Q.99)
A) On 18 August 2014, a group of young people from the neighbourhood were
playing soccer at Mission Playground when some adults, mostly employees of
Dropbox and Airbnb, asked them to forfeit the field.
B) The tech employees had a permit; the young people didn’t.
C) When the kids offered to share it instead, they were rebuffed. Unbeknown to
them, the San Francisco City Council had implemented a permit process whereby
use of the field was sold for $27 per hour during choice times.
D) The entire episode was captured on video, which promptly went viral.
E) One of the youths asked one of the employees how long he’d lived in the
Mission. ‘Who cares about the neighbourhood?’ came the reply.
Q.100)
A) As the couple is pronounced legally wed, they turn to the crowd, clasp hands
and jump over a broomstick placed on the floor.
B) ‘It’s traditional,’ they said, ‘and we need to bring it back to our culture.
C) In the mid-1990s, a novel wedding tradition became popular among African
Americans: ‘jumping the broom’.
D) One couple explained the ritual’s attraction.
E) For them, as for many, culture and tradition were intimately linked to group
identity, and jumping the broom symbolised racial and ethnic unity among those
descended from enslaved people in the United States.
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Solutions
Q.1) Answer- BACED
The whole passage is about naturopathy and the topic is introduced by B. A
explains what is “naturopathy” and should follow B. BA is the right sequence. C
gives examples of “fundamentally disparate interventions” mentioned in A. E takes
the argument forward. “these systems” in E refer to C and thus the sequence
should be BACE. D should follow E as it follows timeline of present to past. BACED
is the correct sequence.
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Q.9) Answer- DEACB
DE form a mandatory pair in that sequence “economic” was the first front
mentioned in D. B should ideally come after A following chronology. Now, C has to
be with A as it defines why the economic reforms were needed. So, ACB is the
right sequence and should follow DE following the rule of general to specific
information. So, DEACB is the right sequence.
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Q.13) Answer- CADBE
CA form a mandatory pair as “practices” in A are defined in C. D should follow CA
due to reference to orders. B raises a contradiction to what is stated in D making
CADB the right sequence. B provides a complaint and E provided more complaints
and should follow B. So, CADBE is the right sequence.
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Q.17) Answer- EBADC
EB form a mandatory pair as B defines why we feel “increasingly unsafe”. DC form
a mandatory pair as C connects to the “political” adjective mentioned in D. A
should follow B as it defines what is “visceral” as mentioned in B. So, EBA is correct
sequence and DC should follow EBA to make a meaningful paragraph as D cannot
begin the paragraph as it starts with “they”. So, EBADC is the correct sequence.
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Q.22) Answer- BDACE
ACE form a mandatory pair in that sequence as A defines the attitude mentioned
in C. E provided an alternative explanation for the attitude. Therefore, it should
come after C. Now., ACE give an example of what is mentioned in D and B. So, it
should ideally come after D and B.
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Q.26) Answer- EBACD
E introduces the topic of “traditional” fashion shows. BA explain how the shows
have been a victim. So, EBA is the correct sequence. C provides the view similar to
what is in BA and D provides a contradictory view which can be the beginning of a
new paragraph. So, D should be the last sentence. So, EBACD is the correct
sequence.
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Q.30) Answer- ACBED
AC make a mandatory pair as C substantiates A. ED form a mandatory pair as D
explains what the backlash is. Now, B should follow AC as it explains the issues
faced by women in Japan and then ED show what is the reaction. So, ED should
follow ACB.
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Q.34) Answer- BACED
BAC form a sequence as AC explain the sleeping behaviours of different species. E
should follow C as it explains how humans fall between the B orientations. D
explains the functioning of circadian rhythms and should follow E. So, BACED is the
correct sequence.
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So, C should begin the paragraph and ABDE then explain it. So, CABDE is the
correct sequence.
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Q.43) Answer- BACED
BAC forms the right sequence following the rule of “full name to surname to
pronoun”. E explains another experiment of Hendricks and should follow BAC. So,
BACE is the right sequence. D shows the impact of experiments on the author and
should be the last sentence. So, BACED is the correct sequence.
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Q.48) Answer- BADCE
DCE form the right sequence as they explain the process that happens when the
author starts explaining his theory. BA form a mandatory sequence in that format
as A explains how the author “mixes” scientific theories. DCE then give an example
of his actions. So, BADCE is the correct sequence.
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Q.52) Answer- CAEBD
BD form a mandatory pair in that sequence as they present the same idea
together. AE form a mandatory pair in that sequence as “idea” is mentioned in A.
BD should follow AE as they 1st show what the cook did and then mention about
the absence of pump. C is the only sentence which can begin the paragraph. So,
CAEBD is the correct sequence.
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Q.56) Answer- CABED
CA form a mandatory pair as C states the “praise” mentioned in A. B should follow
as it completes the comment on his speeches. So, CAB is the correct sequence. ED
form mandatory pair as D completes the sentence by showing proper usage of
“yet” in the sentence. So, ED is the correct sequence and should follow CAB. So,
CABED is the correct sequence.
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Q.61) Answer- DBACE
It can be seen that AC form a mandatory pair as the sight is explained in A. DB
form a mandatory pair as B defines why the relief was “shocking”. AC should
follow DB to go from general statement to specifics. E should follow AC as it talks
about the same incident. DB define the topic i.e.; conviction of Derek and ACE then
define the case and its verdict. So, DBACE is the right sequence.
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Q.66) Answer- DACEB
D introduces the topic of the passage i.e., narcissism. AC define its origins and
should follow D. So, DAC form the right sequence. E takes the “reflection” point
forward and B defines what’s happening in the current scenario. So, DACEB is the
correct sequence.
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Q.70) Answer- CBEAD
C starts the paragraph by explaining the topic i.e., the Dutch painter. B defines
who he is making CB the right sequence. EAD make a sequence as they define the
actions of the author and should follow CB. So, CBEAD is the correct sequence.
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Q.74) Answer- CABDE
BD form a mandatory pair as both the sentences show the groups who need help.
CA form a pair as C defines what was the response of the government. E should
follow BD as BD define why it was a pragmatic approach. So, BDE is the correct
sequence and should follow CA. So, CADBE is the correct sequence.
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Q.78) Answer- CEABD
C starts the paragraph by introducing the topic. ‘Each planet’ in E refers to ‘trio of
Earth-size worlds’ in C. So, E follows C. EAB is a mandatory sequence. E and A tell
us that the planets are in the region where the star’s light can ‘support the
whispers and sighs of extra-terrestrial life’ but despite that, we should not feel
optimistic about the planets. B tells us why we shouldn’t feel optimistic about the
planets. D ends the paragraph by telling us that this is the first time three such
worlds have been spotted. The word ‘still’, which means nevertheless, is the key
word that suggests that the sentence cannot be followed by any other sentence
and will come at the end of the paragraph.
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Q.86) Answer- ACDBE
A introduces the topic “Parental estrangement”. AC form a mandatory pair as “It”
refers to parental estrangement. D takes the thought of C forward. So, ACD is the
right sequence. BE form a mandatory pair in that sequence explaining what the
perception is and should follow ACD. So, ACDBE is the right sequence.
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Q.95) Answer- CBADE
C introduces the topic of paragraph- what children thought in childhood. B
explains the thinking. A then takes us to what the author wanted. DE carry his
thinking forward. So, CBADE is the correct sequence.
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