1.

Choosing the right propulsion, evaluating performance, planning

maintenance+repair, ensure compliance with rules, surveying marine
technology, and improving ship construction.

2. Technology is a collection of human-made tools, meanwhile engineering is the

process of making, modificate, usage, and knowledge about the technology itself.
So the related is technology as the object and engineering is the work belong to
the technology.

3. Science give a contribute as a research result. The research which complex and
need more exact solution. Then Engineering is making a Technology based on
that result. The Technology is Use by engineers in Practical Work. By the time,
Engineering will modificate the Technology in order to make the work more
effective.

4. Not all technically possible, because of technical aspect is belong to the users too,
in this case the crew. Beside the technical aspect, engineers must give attention
to rules and regulation or law aspect.

5. Science give a contribute as a research result. The research which complex and
need more exact solution. Then Engineering is making a Technology based on
that result.

6. Technical system is a system of technical aspect which transform, transport, or

stores; matter, energy, or information.

7. The importance is to make economy flow in a good condition. global merchant

shipping is make a possibility to carry so many goods that related to the
economy side.
8. The reason is the demand of the customer or the purpose of the ship itself. (for
example to carrying cargo). there are no limit for the size of the ship as long as
the rules and regulation allow it.

9. That because they crossed by many waterside that possibly to cross by many
big ship, even shipbuilding too.

10.

11. A-3; B-1; C-4; D-2.

12. Propulsion, maintenance, bouyancy, strength, and stability .

13.

14. Many different types bulit is based on the demand of economic side. the
reason to build specialized ship is to reduce cost. If the ship just has speciality
in one side, shipbuilding process can concentrate in just one ability to reduce
more cost.

15. General Cargo; awkwardly-shape and bulky, not fit for general container. The
cargo hold can contain different variety of goods.
Container Ship; can carry general container with integrated sort. easier in
loading/unloading proccess.
Bulk Carriers; can carry goods in grain-size. bulky shape match for carrying
in mass volume.
Oil Tankers; carrying crude oil. big problem of polluting when sinking.
Passenger Ship; main purpose is for tourism at sea. serve a lot of
entertainment on board.

16. Types of Tanker; oil, chemical material, and gas (LNG).

17. Container Ship can carry goods in general container. Mean the ship can carry
in better arrangement than General Cargo. In the situation when the ship
must carry many different types of goods. Because the container can keep the
goods in a separate blocks. That situation will make easier in
loading/unloading process.

18. Portside.

19.

20. Tanks used to carry liquid material. For examples; ballast, sewage, fuel oil,
waste oil, lubricate oil, and void.

21. The engine room ypically located in stern of a ship; to make more space for
cargo room.

22. What we can get from GAP is a general placement and function of room,
tanks, and other equipment in a ship. what we can't get from GAP is the
actual measurement inside the ship, because GAP isn't a construction plan
(detail plan).

23. Freeboard is the part of the ship that 'free' from water or the part of the ship
above the waterline. the purpose is for ship stability and reserve bouyancy.
24. Waves, wind, current, tides, salinity, and temperature.

25.

26. The ship will cross a different salinity of water. so the freeboard will change
because of the different density.

27. Seaworthy mean the ship can carry the cargo safely in good condition to the
destination. The main factor of seaworthiness; strength, bouyancy, stability,
and propulsion. The crew is important in this case, because the crew who take
control the ship on board (actual condition).
28.

29. What brings the ship back is bouyancy force. when the ship hit by wave, the
gravity point is slide too. that condition makes the ship inclining, and also
makes the bouyancy point slide to brigs the ship in equilibrium position.

30. The main forces can come from the propulsion itself. the bearing hold down
the propulsion forces causes resistance by itself. the waves generation made
by ship is also another reason. the most common is come from condition of
the hull. many biological life live in surface of hull of a ship causes a resistance
for the ship hull itself.
31. a; the waves will scrape the hull of the ship.
b; the waves will cause ship resistance.
c; belong to (b) statement, the ship will need more fuel oil.

32. No, plimsoll mark indicate the maximum point are allowed to sink. but the
density in WNA is bigger than TF, then the TPC is bigger too. so a ship can
load same tons of cargo.

33.

34. It's not done in practice because of to reduce the cost of shipbuilding. the
shipbuilding don't have to use a very high strength material (expensive). if the
light (not very strong; cheap) is enough and match for that type of ship.
35.

36.

37. Friction hull; reduce the speed of the ship by itself.

wave generation; reduce the speed of the ship by water that crossed by the
ship.

38.

39. (will not in the exam)

40.
41. The advantages is the propeller can operate more than one design condition.
It also more effective in rapid manouvering than FPP. the disadvantages is
control or change the propeller pitch will reduce the efficiency. it also make
more cost for lubricating in the joint of CPP.

42. Bow Thruster is driven in vertical shaft, makes it to makes thrust in any
chosen direction. it also make better manouverbility of the ship. another
advantages is the propeller can be in front of the vertical shaft, makes the
ship in towing condition. that condition eradicated the need of tug boat,
that's also save more cost.

43. Cavitation is a condition when the local pressure associated with high local
velocities in the fluid, is lower than vapor pressure. the unwanted effect to the
propeller is erosion in the blade surface, also vibration in the ship structure.
that because the water starts to boil locally, and the pressure causing shock
waves in the water.

44.
45.

46. Azipod.

47. Azipod. The generator which serve the power is connect to the stepped down
to the necessary voltage of the propulsion motor. the electric motor is used to
produce thrust by rotating the propeller. the frequency controller is used to
change the frequency of the supplied power, so that the power can controlled
as desire. the advantages of azipod is great maneuverbility (360 degree), save
a lot of space in the engine room, low noise and vibration, low fuel and lube
oil, and environment friendly (electric).

48. Brake Power; the power that produce by flywheel.

Delivered Power; the power that produce by the propeller.
Effective Towing Power; Effective power to resist the resistance to desire
speed.
They do have a different values because of the different source power. Of
course in each source has it own resistance which affect effectivity.

49. 'Provide Mobility' machinery systems; propulsion system, steering system,

navigation system, and mooring and anchoring system.

50. Dry Cargo Handling System; a treatment to keep dry goods in cargo safely
until the destination. this system including loading/unloading tools, such as
crane.
Liquid Cargo Handling System; a treatment to keep liquid goods in cargo
safely until the destination. this system including loading/unloading tools, such
as pump.
51. 'Safety, Security, and Environmental Condition' machinery system; fire-
fighting system, life-saving (survival) system, bilge-pumping system, and oily
water separator.

52. ECR; the purpose is for monitoring condition and perform of the engine, to
control more/less speed, being console to turn on/off the engine, and set
alarm for safety.
The advantages is; easy-to-monitor juast in one place, monitoring in actual
condition and more accurate than manual, and switching power or speed in
one place.

53. Prime Mover is all machines that convert primary energy to mechanical
energy for use in propulsion system. types of Prime Mover that used in ship is
a Diesel Engine, a Gas Turbine, or a Steam Turbine.

54. Diesel Engine is most applied prime mover because of it require more cheap
fuel oil than another prime mover. even the size is the biggest and the slowest
one than another types, it can produce bigger power.

55. Reciprocating engine is an engine which use piston. for example diesel engine
and steam piston engine. rotating engine is an engine which use turbine. for
example gas turbine and steam turbine.

56. Internal combustion such as diesel engine and gas turbine, make a combustion
inside the engine itself. external xombustion such as steam piston engine and
steam turbine, make a combustion outside (separated) the engine itself.
57. Steam Boiler has lower density, lower fuel economoy. this engine burn fuel in
its boiler as a heat source. the energy from the heat source can be used to
generate a thrust for the ship.

58. Thrust bearings is a component in every transmission system to transfer the

thrust generated by the propulsor.

59. Because of the engine room is not high, for a car ferry the propulsion system
can be; prime mover as a several small diesel engine, transmission as a
multiple shaft, and propulsor as a propeller.

60. The gear in medium speed diesel engine is used to reduce or matching the
rotation until the desire speed (in this case 750 rpm).

61. Diesel engine is an engine work as internal combustion, reciprocating (piston)

which inject fuel into a combustion chamber. The fuel is self-ignites in high
pressure air (hot). on complete work in cycle 4 strokes and 2 strokes.

62.

63. 4 strokes engine.

64. Begin with the air inlet (charging), piston move downward from TDC to BDC.
the inlet valve is open, exhaust valve is closed. the cylinder fills with a charge
of fresh air and ready for compression.
compression process; the piston moves upward from BDC to TDC. inlet and
exhaust valves are closed. combustion air compressed, cause increase on
temperature. fuel is injected just before TDC, and self-ignited by the high
temperature.
combustion and expansion; the combustion gases expand to perform work,
force the piston from TDC to BDC. toward the end the axhaust valve open,
release the gases.
exhaust; the piston move from BDC to TDC. exhaust valve is open, recidual
gases forced out by upward stroke. the remaining gases may dispelled by
scavenging process.

65. The diesel engine needs the load exchange (scavenging) for removing recidual
combustion, because if it still in the cylinder, the pressure will not balance
because of the contain is not fully fresh.

66. Diesel engine started by self-ignition, because the temperature already high
caused by high pressure in charging process.

67. the third stroke; combustion and expansion. because in this stroke the
combustion happen and the combustion gases expand, perform work forcing
down the pisto from TDC to BDC.

68. In 2 stroke diesel engine, it just need one revolution for produce work. But, in
4 stroke diesel engine, it needs two revolution to produce work.

69. Larger 2 stroke engine use crosshead because it had very long cylinder, it
imposibble if it use trunk piston. the arm of the trunk will crash the cylinder.
70. Turbocharger needs to pre compress combustion before it enters the cylinder.
the purpose is for bring more mass of oxygen into the cylinder to increase the
mount of fuel that can be combusted. It will cause engine delivers power out
of the same volume, increasing power density, and decreasing need per
kilowatt.

71.

72. The low speed engine produce more maximum power in Mega Watt, but low
speed in rotating. the high speed engine produce less maximum power in
Mega Watt, but hugh speed in rotating. meanwhile, medium speed engine
produce power and speed between two of them.
73. Number 1 is represent higher propeller load, because of higher resistance to
the propeller, such as hull condition, wave generation, or the bearings from
propulsion system itself.

74. Number 1 is represent the lowest fuel setting and the lowest engine torque.
because Peng show the propeller load, if the propeller load is bigger, the ship
will need more thrust to against it, and more thrust mean more fueo oil
consumption.

75. We can reduce the speed and the new mathcing point is the intersection
between P2 and n2 in the same line (linear line).

76.

77.

78. Fuel, Air, Lubrication, Cooling, and Energy. Fuel oil or gas for combustion.
compressed air or scavenging air. Lubrication in cylinder oil and circulating oil.
Cooling in cylinder cooling and scavenging cooling. Energy for electrical
demand, to feed the auxiliary, machinery, and hydraulic system.

79. Process Flow Diagram (PFD) represent the flow of mass, energy, or
information between major equipment. in piping and instrument diagrams
(P&ID) we can find the piping process and detail measurement of the
equipment. they use standarized symbols for make an easier way to read and
compare each other.

80. The engines control from engine control room. it is possible, because engine
control room has every console and the condition monitoring of each engine.
the crew can operate the engines just from one place.
81. Engine safety and alarm panel; turbocharger tachometer; main engine
tachometer; operation indicator lamps; revolution counter; switch for
auxiliary blower; bridge control equipment; governor limiter; engine control
handle; and pressure gauges and thermometers.

82. Project guide provides data and system proposal for early design of main
engine installation.

83.

84. By Diesel Generator (Genset)

85. To redundant if the ship breaking down for twice or if one generator is
breaking down.

86. The main switchboard is functionally for control every power distribution on
the ship. it give a possibility to control in just one place.

87. Shaft Generator is a generator to make a constant voltage and frequency still
like that even in the different rotation of engine.

88. Rudder typically move by a hydraulic system. the advantages is the maneuver
will be faster and controlable from engine control room or main swithboard.

89.

90. Integrated bridge system mean a system which can show various sensor from
the vessel. the advantages is easier to monitoring every condition of the vessel.
91. Mooring and anchoring. mooring equipment will keep the ship safely tied up
alongside and anchoring equipment will keep the ship steady in it position
even there are a wave, wind, or current.

92. because if they are doing unloading process in not big port, the ship can do it
alone by itself.

93. Of course it need pumps ashore to connected pumping process from the ship
to the tank ashore.

94. the purpose of the ballast system is to achieve a stable position of the ship. it
system consist of water tanks that are arranged along the full length of the
ship. the tank distributed in the double bottom.

95. A ship need safety system that based on experience from accident to against
emergency case. for example fire-fighting and life-saving (survival).

96. Life cycle of the ship is a life cycle which describe the life phase of the ship
same as human.

97. It can be expensive for him because of the specification or the purpose which
the owner order to.

98. Classification is involved that because the ship must have an agreement to sail.
the agreement is come from classification society which require for some
standarization to the new ship.

99. In design and planning, which is bid proposal, spesification, and performance
of the ship.
100. The fabrication process are separated into two main steps; cutting and
processing, and assembling. the steel plates cut based on the design, then it
heated and bend into curved shape. then, the cut processed steel are
assembled block by block.

101. The ship management is the work to match a cargo and a ship (cargo
management). But, the ship & fleet management is the work to plan the
voyage (voyage management).

102. A technical ship's manager is responsible to contracting cargo to be

transported and managing the sea transport logistic. also doing all
documentation for the goods.

103. we need international regulation to prevent if the ship in domestical voyage

will be change it voyage to international side. the regulation will give a
standarization to a ship what have an international journey. every flag
coursely had its own regulation for its area, but will not match for
international area.

104. IMO is international maritime organization. SOLAS; convention for safety

life at sea. MARPOL; convention for prevention pollution from ships. STCW;
convention of standards training for seafarers. LL; convention on load lines.
TONNAGE; convention on tonnage measurement of ships.
105. C-safe management of ship.

106. Classification societies provide rules for the construction, operation, and
maintenance of ships and offshore constructure.

107. flag states makes laws which govern the commercial and civil activities of
every merchant ship registered in that state. differen country have different
laws. coastal state give an apply theis legislation to the ships in theit
territorial.