Cavite Mutiny

History I (Readings in Philippine History)

CATALINO L. EMPERIO III

Faculty, Department of Social Science
College of Arts and Sciences
Learning Outcome
At the end of this presentation, we will be able to:

1 Distinguish
historical
2 Develop
analytical skills
3 Formulate
arguments base
context in two in making
differing stand on on the available
perspectives. certain issue. sources.
 Topic Outline
Cavite Mutiny and the Martyrdom
1 of GomBurZa

2 1872 Cavite Mutiny: Spanish Perspective

3 1872 Cavite Mutiny: Filipino Perspective

Cavite Mutiny Summary, Importance

4
and Facts

5 References
 Introduction

In this presentation, we will distinguish the

historical events in two different faces of
perspective and evaluate facts about the
Cavite Mutiny.
Historical
Figures
 GOMBURZA
Mariano Gómez
Jacinto
Zamora José
Burgos
Jose Montero y Vidal
Spanish Historian who
wrote Historia in
“General de Filipinas”
Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo
Pardo de Tavera
A Filipino scholar and
researcher, wrote the Filipino
version of the bloody incident
in Cavite.
Governor-General La
Torre
 Overview
Cavite Mutiny, (January 20, 1872)

Brief uprising of 200 Filipino troops and workers at

the Cavite arsenal, which became the excuse for
Spanish repression of the embryonic Philippine
nationalist movement.
Cavite Mutiny
1872
(Spaniards’ Version)
Jose Montero y Vidal
 Vidal’s version of the
Cavite Mutiny 1872 English
Translation
 January 1, 1872
The authorities received anonymous communications
with the information that a great uprising would break out
against the Spaniards, the minute the fleet at Cavite left
for the South, and that all would be assassinated,
including the friars. But nobody gave importance to these
notices.
January 1, 1872 (New Year)

The authorities received anonymous communications

with the information that a great uprising would break
out against the Spaniards, the minute the fleet at
Cavite left for the South, and that all would be
assassinated, including the friars. But nobody gave
importance to these notices.
 January 20, 1872
(Fiesta of the Patron Saint)
Fireworks were displayed and rockets fired into the air.
Those in Cavite mistook these for the signal to revolt,
and at nine-thirty in the evening of that day two hundred
native soldiers under the leadership of Sergeant La
Madrid rose up in arms, assassinated the commander
of the fort and wounded his wite.
 January 21-22, 1872
(Suppression of the Revolt)
For the rebels to surrender, Ginoves demanded
rendition and waited without ordering the assault of their
position in order to avoid unnecessary shedding of
blood. After waiting the whole day in vain for the
rendition of the rebels, Ginoves launched an assault
against the latter's position.
 January 21-22, 1872
(Suppression of the Revolt)

As a result of the declarations made by some of the

prisoners in which several individuals were pointed
out as instigators, Filipino priests, employees, and
several other Filipinos were arrested.
January 27 & February 6, 1872
(Execution Days)
The council of war, which from the beginning took charge
of the causes in connection with the Cavite uprising,
passed the sentence of death on forty-one of the rebels.
On the 27" of January the Captain-General fixed his
"cumplase" on the sentence. On the 6th of the following
month, eleven more were sentenced to death.
 February 17, 1872
(Execution of GomBurZa)
An immense multitude appeared on the field of
Bagumbayan to witness the execution of the
sentence. The attending force was composed of
Filipino troops, and the batteries of the fort were
aimed at the place of execution, ready to fire upon
the least sign of uprising.
 February 17, 1872
(Execution of GomBurZa)
Gomez was executed first, then
Zamora, then Burgos, and lastly,
Saldua.
 April 3, 1872
(Suspension from Practice of Law)
The Audiencia suspended from the practice of law the following
men:
D. Jose Basa y Enriquez
D. Joaquin Pardo de Tavera
D. Antonio Ma. Regidor
D. Pedro Carillo
D. Gercasio Sanchez
D. Jose Mauricio de Leon
 April 4, 1872
(A Decree for Defense)

Izquierdo had requested the sending to Manila of Spanish troops

for the defence of the fort as most of these found here were
natives. In pursuance of Izquierdo's request, the government,
dissolved the native regiment of artillery and ordered the creation
of an artillery force to be composed exclusively of Peninsulares.
 July 1872
(A Special Mass)

On the occasion of the arrival of the troops, the Sto. Domingo

Church celebrated a special mass at which high officials of the
Government, the religious corporations, and the general public,
attended, upon invitation by the Governor and Captain-General of
the Philippines.
Cavite Mutiny
1872
(Filipino Version)
Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera
 Tavera’s version of the
Cavite Mutiny 1872 English
Translation
 The Cavite Mutiny, as described by Filipino
historian Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera, was a revolt
by Filipino soldiers and laborers against the
eradication of their privileges, resulting in a bloody
incident on January 20, 1872, when they
assassinated the Commanding officer and Spanish
officials.

Timeline of Events
 Governor Izquierdo prohibited the founding of a school
of arts and trades, which did not align with the views of
religious orders. He accused Filipinos of supporting La
Torre and classified them as personas sospechosas
(suspects). This conservative element in the Philippines
directed governmental policy, leading to increased
displeasure and suspicion among educated Filipinos.

Timeline of Events
 Izquierdo's decision to abolish privileges for workmen in
the Cavite arsenal led to political agitation and the
overthrow of Spanish sovereignty in the Philippine Islands.
Previously, these workmen were exempt from tribute tax
and public improvements obligations. This caused
dissatisfaction among the affected workers, leading to a
strike but eventually returning to labor.

Timeline of Events
 Tavera believed that the Spanish friars and Izquierdo
used the Cavite Mutiny as a powerful lever by magnifying
it as a full-blown conspiracy involving the native army,
residents of Cavite and Manila, and the native clergy to
overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines.

Timeline of Events
 It is during the time, the Central Government in Madrid
announced its intention to deprive the friars of all the powers of
intervention in matters of civil government and the direction and
management of educational institutions.
This turnout of events was believed by Tavera, prompted the
friars to do something drastic in their dire to maintain power in
the Philippines.

Timeline of Events
 The friars, fearing that their influence in the Philippines
would be a thing of the past, took advantage of the incident
and presented it to the Spanish Government as a vast
conspiracy organized throughout the archipelago with the
object of destroying Spanish sovereignty.

Timeline of Events
 Tavera sadly confirmed that the Madrid government came to believe
that the scheme was true without any attempt to investigate the real
facts or extent of the alleged "revolution" reported by Izquierdo and
the friars.
Convicted educated men who participated in the mutiny were
sentenced life imprisonment while members of the native clergy
headed by the GOMBURZA were tied and executed by garrote. This
episode leads to the awakening of nationalism and eventually to the
outbreak of Philippine Revolution of 1896.

Timeline of Events
Cavite Mutiny

Summary
Importance
Facts
 Summary
4 Significant or major events in the
19th century that contributed to the
formation and the rest of the
Propagandists’ consciousness are as
follows:
 Summary
1.The opening of the Suez Canal.
The Suez Canal was the first
infrastructure that paved the way for
the importation of books, magazines,
and newspapers with liberal ideas
 Summary
2. The democratic leadership of Gov.
Gen. Carlos Ma. Dela Torre, gave Rizal,
the reformists, and the Filipinos a
foretaste of democratic rule. He
established Guardia Civil.
 Summary
3. The leadership of Gov. Gen Rafael Izquerdo, who was
exactly the opposite of Dela Torre’s liberal-minded rule.
For him, the indios should not be given the same rights
and freedom enjoyed by the Spaniards in the Philippines.
Izquerdo was also responsible for removing the long-
standing personal benefits of the workers under
encomienda system.
 Summary
4.This event led to the Cavite Mutiny.
The Cavite Mutiny was a failed uprising against the Spaniards,
resulting in disarmed, imprisoned, and dead Filipino soldiers.
Repression and Impact: The mutiny leads to increased
repression by Spanish authorities, fostering anti-Spanish
sentiments among Filipinos and inspiring later revolutionary
movements. The Spanish authorities and friars used the mutiny to
implicate the three secular priests — Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos,
and Jacinto Zamora known as GomBurZa.
 Summary
The priests were executed by garote at
Bagumbayan on February 15, 1872. The miserable
event of the priests awakened the desire for
independence among many Filipinos. Jose rizal
have seend how opressed indios are. In fact, Rizal
dedicated his El Filibusterismo to the priests.
References
 Activity :
TRUE OR FALSE
1. The acronym stands the surnames of the priest Mariano
Gomez, Jose Zamora, and Jacinto Burgos.
2. Polo y Servico means a monarchy government with the
leaders as Filipino priest and called it as ‘King’.
3. Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera, spanish historian in his
book entitled ‘Historia General de Filipinas’.
4. GomBurZa executed on February 18,1872.
5. Personas Sospechosas is a term used for force laboru.
6. Bagumbayan is now Luneta Park.
7. The Philippine Revolution of Cavite Mutiny happened in
1986.
8. The GomBurZa was sentenced to death by strangulation.
9. GomBurZa was executed in Cavite Arsenal.
10. Gomez executed first, the Zamora, Burgos and lastly Saldua.
11. There are two version of perspective, the Filipinos’ and the Spanish
version.
12. A special mass happened during New Year’s event.
13. A special mass happened on April 4,1872.
14. General Izquierdo prohibited the founding of school of arts and trade.
15. There are 400 soldiers involved in Cavite Mutiny.
16. The former Governor was La Torre.
17. District of Sampaloc, the fiesta of the patron saint was being celebrated
with pomp and splendor.
18. Dr. Tavera is a Filipino scientist, scholar and historical researcher.
19. April 3, 1872, the suspension from practice of law.
20. Fireworks were displayed and rockets fired into air, those in Cavite
mistook these for signal to revolt
 1. Where did the execution of GomBurZa happened?
2. Who is the pure-blooded Filipino among the GomBurZa
priest?
3. Polo y Servico means _____.
4. What is the lesson II all about?
5. GomBurZa stands for?
6. How many Filipino soldiers involved in the Cavite Mutiny?
7. What is the meaning of personas sospechosas?
8. Who is the author of Filipino Version of Cavite Mutiny?
9. Who is the author Spaniard Version of Cavite Mutiny?
10. A Spanish historian